長

See also: 长

§Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

§Alternative forms

• 镸 (when used as a radical)

§Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – originally long hair; compare 彡.

Unrelated to visually similar 衣, and notably does not have a diagonal stroke at lower left.

§Han character

長 (radical 168 長+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸一女 (SMV), four-corner 7173₂)

§Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/長
• 髟

§References

• KangXi: page 1328, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41100
• Dae Jaweon: page 1829, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4050, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9577

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§Chinese

		-
trad.		長
simp.		长

§Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cháng, zhǎng (chang², zhang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ, ㄓㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng⁴, zoeng²
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): chhông
• Min Nan (POJ): tiòng / tiúⁿ / tn̂g / chiáng / chióng / tióng / tiông / chhiâng
• Wu (WT Romanisation): zan (T3); tsan (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: cháng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'ang²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: changr
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

    • (file)

      
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ
    • Wade-Giles: chang³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaang
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: coeng⁴, zoeng²
    • Yale: chèuhng, jéung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng⁴, dzoeng²
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰœːŋ²¹/, /t͡ɕœːŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhông
    • IPA (Siyen, including Miaoli): /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiòng / tiúⁿ / tn̂g / chiáng / chióng / tióng / tiông / chhiâng
    • Tâi-lô: tiòng / tiúnn / tn̂g / tsiáng / tsióng / tióng / tiông / tshiâng
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ¹¹/, /tiũ⁴¹/, /tŋ̍²³/, /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴¹/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/, /tiɔŋ⁴¹/, /tiɔŋ²³/, /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ²¹/, /tiũ⁵³/, /tŋ̍¹³/, /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵³/, /tiɔŋ⁵³/, /tiɔŋ¹³/, /t͡ɕʰiaŋ¹³/
  • Note: tiòng, tiúⁿ, tn̂g - vernacular, chiáng, chióng, tióng, tiông, chhiâng - literary.
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • WT Romanisation: zan (T3); tsan (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /z̻ã²³/, /t͡sã³⁴/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (長, reconstructed)
Character (長), Pronunciation 1/3
Initial: 澄 (11) Final: 陽 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 直良切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɖɨɐŋ/	/ȡʱi̯aŋ/	/ȡiaŋ/	/ɖiɐŋ/	/ɖɨaŋ/	/ȡĭaŋ/	/ȡiɑŋ/
Character (長), Pronunciation 2/3
Initial: 知 (9) Final: 陽 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 知丈切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ʈɨɐŋX/	/ȶi̯aŋX/	/ȶiaŋX/	/ʈiɐŋX/	/ʈɨaŋX/	/ȶĭaŋX/	/ȶiɑŋX/
Character (長), Pronunciation 3/3
Initial: 澄 (11) Final: 陽 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 直亮切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɖɨɐŋH/	/ȡʱi̯aŋH/	/ȡiaŋH/	/ɖiɐŋH/	/ɖɨaŋH/	/ȡĭaŋH/	/ȡiɑŋH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (長, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
長								cháng								‹ drjang ›								/*Cə-[N]-traŋ/								long (adj.)
長								zhǎng								‹ trjangX ›								/*traŋʔ/								grow; elder
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
長					1263					長					陽					0					長					/*taŋʔ/
長					1276					長					陽					0					長					/*daŋ/
長					1280					長					陽					0					仗					/*daŋs/

§Definitions

長

1. long (M:cháng)
2. length
3. excel in
4. leader, master, chief (M:zhǎng)
5. to grow

§Compounds

• 長頸鹿／长颈鹿

§References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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§Japanese

§Kanji

長

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

§Readings

• On: ちょう (chō)
• Kun: ながい (nagai), たける (takeru), おさ (osa)

§Noun

長 (hiragana ちょう, romaji chō)

1. chief; head (of an organization)

§Compounds

Derived terms

長歌 (ちょうか, chōka) 長句 (ちょうく, chōku) 長躯 (ちょうく, chōku) 長兄 (ちょうけい, chōkei) 長子 (ちょうし, chōshi) 長女 (ちょうじょ, chōjo) 長上 (ちょうじょう, chōjō) 長調 (ちょうちょう, chōchō) 長短 (ちょうたん, chōtan) 長夜 (ちょうや, chōya) 長老 (ちょうろう, chōrō) 長唄 (ながうた, nagauta) 院長 (いんちょう, inchō) 延長 (えんちょう, enchō) 課長 (かちょう, kachō) 会長 (かいちょう, kaichō) 学長 (がくちょう, gakuchō) 係長 (かかりちょう, kakarichō) 楽長 (がくちょう, gakuchō) 機長 (きちょう, kichō) 組長 (くみちょう, kumichō) 市長 (しちょう, sichō) 社長 (しゃちょう, shachō) 船長 (せんちょう, senchō) 村長 (そんちょう, sonchō) 町長 (ちょうちょう, chōchō) 店長 (てんちょう, tenchō) 班長 (はんちょう, hanchō) 番長 (ばんちょう, banchō) 部長 (ぶちょう, buchō) 霊長 (れいちょう, reichō)

§Proper noun

長 (hiragana ひさし, romaji Hisashi)

1. A male given name

§Suffix

長 (hiragana ちょう, romaji -chō)

1. head, chief, leader

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§Korean

§Hanja

長 (jang)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 장 (McCune-Reischauer: chang, Yale: cang)

• Name (hangeul): 길다 (revised: gilda, McCune-Reischauer: kilda, Yale: kilta)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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§Vietnamese

§Character

§Readings

• Hán Việt: tràng, trường, trướng, trưởng, trườn
• Nôm: tràn, tràng, trường, trưởng, trườn, trượng, trành

§References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm , NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)