三
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
三 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一一一 (MMM), four-corner 10101, composition ⿱一二 or ⿱𠄟一)
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №4
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- ミ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 76, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12
- Dae Jaweon: page 138, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 4, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E09
Further reading[edit]
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
三 | |
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alternative forms | 叄/叁/參/参 financial 𠫰/𠬅/𠬄 less used 弎 𢦘 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 三 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogram (指事) - three parallel lines. Compare with 一, one line meaning “one”, 二, two lines meaning “two”, and 亖, four lines meaning “four”. Triplication of 一 (“one”).
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
三
- three
- (Mainland China, slang, neologism) the other woman; the other man
- (Mainland China, slang, neologism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - A surname.
See also[edit]
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
Playing cards in Chinese · 撲克牌/扑克牌 (pūkèpái) (layout · text) | ||||||
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尖兒/尖儿 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 |
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八 | 九 | 十 | 鉤兒/钩儿 | 圈兒/圈儿, 皮蛋 (regional) | K | 小王 (black), 大王 (red), 小鬼 (black), 大鬼 (red) |
Compounds[edit]
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Descendants[edit]
Others:
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
三 (obsolete)
- repeatedly; thrice
- 三思 ― sānsī ― to think carefully
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- “Entry #170”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō)←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)
- Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)
- Kun: み (mi, 三, Jōyō); みつ (mitsu, 三つ, Jōyō); みっつ (mittsu, 三つ, Jōyō)
- Nanori: か (ka); かず (kazu); さ (sa); さい (sai); さえ (sae); さぶ (sabu); さむ (samu); ざ (za); ざえ (zae); ざぶ (zabu); そ (so); そう (sō); ぞ (zo); ぞう (zō); ただ (tada); みつ (mitsu); みん (min); も (mo); や (ya)
Compounds[edit]
- 再三 (saisan, “again and again; repeatedly”)
- 三育 (san'iku)
- 三猿 (san'en, “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil”, literally “three monkeys”)
- 三回忌 (sankaiki)
- 三角 (sankaku, “triangle”)
- 三冠王 (sankan'ō)
- 三冠馬 (sankanba)
- 三韓 (sankan)
- 三界 (sangai)
- 三月 (sangatsu, “(month) March”)
- 三脚 (sankyaku)
- 三級 (sankyū)
- 三曲 (sankyoku)
- 三業 (sangyō)
- 三軍 (sangun)
- 三景 (sankei)
- 三桁 (sanketa)
- 三権 (sanken)
- 三原色 (sangenshoku)
- 三顧 (sanko)
- 三更 (sankō)
- 三校 (sankō)
- 三号雑誌 (sangō zasshi, “a short-lived magazine”, literally “3 issues”)
- 三国 (sangoku)
- 三才 (sansai)
- 三々九度 (sansankudo)
- 三々五々 (sansangogo)
- 三思 (sanshi, “deep reflection”)
- 三下 (sanshita)
- 三者 (sansha)
- 三種 (sanshu)
- 三唱 (sanshō)
- 三省 (sanshō)
- 三賞 (sanshō)
- 三色 (sanshoku)
- 三食 (sanshoku, “three meals (a day)”)
- 三振 (sanshin, “three strikes”)
- 三時 (sanji, “3 o'clock”)
- 三次 (sanji)
- 三尺 (sanjaku)
- 三重 (sanjū)
- 三女 (sanjo, “three daughters; third daughter”)
- 三乗 (sanjō, “to the third power; cubed”)
- 三畳紀 (Sanjō-ki, “the Triassic period”)
- 三寸 (sanzun, “something small”)
- 三選 (sansen, “third-term election”)
- 三世 (sansei, “third generation”)
- 三相 (sansō)
- 三蔵 (sanzō)
- 三尊 (sanzon)
- 三体 (santai)
- 三嘆 (santan)
- 三代 (sandai)
- 三大都市 (sandai toshi, “three major cities (usu. Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya)”)
- 三等 (santō, “third-class”)
- 三頭筋 (santō kin, “triceps”)
- 三頭政治 (santō seiji, “triumvirate”)
- 三男 (sannan, “three sons; third son”)
- 三人 (sannin, “three people”)
- 三羽烏 (sanbagarasu)
- 三番 (sanban)
- 三拝 (sanpai)
- 三筆 (sanpitsu)
- 三部 (sanbu, “three parts”)
- 三府 (sanpu)
- 三方 (sanbō, “three sides”)
- 三菩提 (sanbodai, “saṃbodhi”)
- 三宝 (sanpō)
- 三昧 (sanmai, “samadhi”)
- 三枚 (sanmai)
- 三位 (sanmi)
- 三民主義 (Sanmin Shugi)
- 三無主義 (sanmu shugi)
- 三面 (sanmen)
- 三門 (sanmon)
- 三役 (san'yaku)
- 三流 (sanryū, “third-rate; third-class”)
- 三稜鏡 (sanryōkyō)
- 三輪 (sanrin, “three wheels; three-wheeled”)
- 三塁 (sanrui, “third base”)
- 三連 (sanren)
- 三和音 (sanwaon)
- 三割自治 (sanwari jichi)
- 三味線 (shamisen)
- 三日月 (mikazuki, “new moon; crescent moon”)
- 三上 (Mikami)
- 三行半 (mikudarihan)
- 三日 (mikka, “the third day of the month; three days”)
- 三葉虫 (san'yōchū, “trilobite”)
- 三鞭酒 (shanpan, “champagne”)
Alternative forms[edit]
- (Financial/formal form): 参
Etymology 1[edit]
< 2 | 3 | 4 > |
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Cardinal : 三 | ||
Kanji in this term |
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三 |
さん Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
*/sam/ → /samu/ → /saɴ/
From Middle Chinese 三 (MC sɑm, sɑmH). Compare modern Mandarin 三 (sān).
In Old Japanese, this kanji was used phonetically to transcribe さむ (samu).
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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三 |
さん Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
Borrowing from Chinese 三 (sān), with the pitch accent different from etymology 1. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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三 |
み Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨mi1⟩ → /mi/
From Old Japanese.
Likely an apophonic form of 六 (mu, “six”), compare 四 (yo, “four”) with 八 (ya, “eight”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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三 |
みい Grade: 1 |
Irregular |
/mi/ → /miː/
Shift from mi above.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Numeral[edit]
Coordinate terms[edit]
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
30 | ||
← 2 | 3 | 4 → |
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Native isol.: 셋 (set) Native attr.: 세 (se), 석 (seok) (dated), 서 (seo) (archaic) Sino-Korean: 삼 (sam) Hanja: 三 Ordinal: 셋째 (setjjae) |
From Middle Chinese 三 (MC sɑm).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 삼 (Yale: sàm) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 석〯 (Yale: sěk) | 삼 (Yale: sàm) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠m]
- Phonetic hangul: [삼]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
三: Hán Việt readings: tam (
三: Nôm readings: tam[1][2][3][4][5][6], ba[1], tám[5]
Compounds[edit]
See 三/derived terms § Vietnamese.
References[edit]
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Shuowen radicals
- Han characters from which katakana were derived
- Han ideograms
- Triplicated CJKV characters
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Min Nan terms with audio links
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Min Bei lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese numerals
- Mandarin numerals
- Dungan numerals
- Cantonese numerals
- Taishanese numerals
- Gan numerals
- Hakka numerals
- Jin numerals
- Min Bei numerals
- Min Dong numerals
- Min Nan numerals
- Teochew numerals
- Wu numerals
- Xiang numerals
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Min Bei proper nouns
- Min Dong proper nouns
- Min Nan proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Chinese Han characters
- Mainland China Chinese
- Chinese slang
- Chinese neologisms
- Chinese surnames
- Chinese cardinal numbers
- zh:Card games
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese adverbs
- Mandarin adverbs
- Cantonese adverbs
- Min Nan adverbs
- Chinese obsolete terms
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Three
- Chinese numbers
- Chinese numeral symbols
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 1 kanji
- Japanese kanji with kun reading み
- Japanese kanji with kun reading み-つ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading みっ-つ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading さん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading さん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading さむ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading さん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading さん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading さむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading か
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かず
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さい
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さえ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さぶ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ざ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ざえ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ざぶ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading そ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading そう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ぞ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ぞう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ただ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みつ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みん
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading も
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading や
- Japanese terms spelled with 三 read as さん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with audio links
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese numerals
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 三
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms spelled with 三 read as み
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese colloquialisms
- ja:Numbers
- Japanese numeral symbols
- ja:Three
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Korean numeral symbols
- Vietnamese Han tu
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom