三韓

Chinese

		three	(South) Korea; surname
trad. (三韓)		三	韓
simp. (三韩)		三	韩

Etymology

First attested in the Book of the Later Han [5th century].

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Sānhán

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄏㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹ hon⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Sānhán
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄏㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sanhán
    • Wade–Giles: San¹-han²
    • Yale: Sān-hán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Sanharn
    • Palladius: Саньхань (Sanʹxanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ xän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saam¹ hon⁴
    • Yale: sāam hòhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹ hon⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sam¹ hon⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵ hɔːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: sam han

Rime
Character	三	韓
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	蘇甘切	胡安切
Baxter	sam	han
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/ɦɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/ɦɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/ɣɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/ɦan/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/ɣɑn/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/ɣɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/ɣɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	hán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam1	hon4

Proper noun

三韓

1. (historical) Samhan (tribal confederations in southern and central Korea in the early first millennium)
2. (by extension) Korean kingdoms; Korea

   • 六師薄伐，三韓肅清，龔行天罰，赫赫明明。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     六师薄伐，三韩肃清，龚行天罚，赫赫明明。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Sui, 636 CE

     Liùshī bófá, Sānhán sùqīng, gōng xíng tiānfá, hèhè míngmíng. [Pinyin]

     The six armies [of the Son of Heaven] conquered, exterminating the Koreans; they respectfully carried out Heaven's punishment, majestic and evident.

   • 琉球國者，南海勝地，而鍾三韓之秀，以大明為輔車，以日域為脣齒。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     琉球国者，南海胜地，而钟三韩之秀，以大明为辅车，以日域为唇齿。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Bridge of Nations Bell, 1458

     Liúqiú guó zhě, nánhǎi shèngdì, ér zhōng Sānhán zhī xiù, yǐ Dàmíng wèi fǔchē, yǐ Rìyù wèi chúnchǐ. [Pinyin]

     The Ryukyu kingdom is a beautiful place in the southern seas, imbued with the excellence of Korea; her relationship with the Great Ming is like that between a carriage and its protective bars, and her relationship with the Japanese realm is like that between the lips and the teeth.

Meronyms

• 弁韓／弁韩 (Biànhán)
• 辰韓／辰韩 (Chénhán)
• 馬韓／马韩 (Mǎhán)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
三	韓
さん Grade: 1	かん Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sã̠ŋkã̠ɴ]

Proper noun

三(さん)韓(かん) • (Sankan) 

1. (historical) Samhan

Coordinate terms

• 弁韓(べんかん) (Benkan)
• 辰韓(しんかん) (Shinkan)
• 馬韓(ばかん) (Bakan)

Korean

Hanja in this term
三	韓

Proper noun

三韓 • (Samhan) (hangeul 삼한)

1. Hanja form^? of 삼한 (“Samhan”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
三	韓

Proper noun

三韓

1. chữ Hán form of Tam Hàn (“Samhan”).