為
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
為 (radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈大弓火 (IKNF), four-corner 20227)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: not present, would follow page 669, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18981
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2198, character 11
- Unihan data for U+70BA
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 為/爲 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 为 | |
| variant forms | 𫞟 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 爲 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (爲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 譌 | *ŋʷaːl |
| 嬀 | *kʷral |
| 潙 | *kʷral, *ɢʷal |
| 蟡 | *kʷralʔ, *qʷral |
| 僞 | *ŋʷrals |
| 噅 | *qʰʷral |
| 撝 | *qʰʷral |
| 爲 | *ɢʷal, *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals |
| 鄬 | *ɢʷal, *ɢʷalʔ |
| 蔿 | *ɢʷalʔ |
| 儰 | *ɢʷalʔ |
| 寪 | *ɢʷalʔ |
| 蘤 | *ɢʷalʔ |
Simplified from 爲.
In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意): 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (“hand; claw”).
Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque.
Etymology[edit]
The two pronunciations below (“to make; to do; to be”, “for; to; because”) are cognate; the latter is the *–s derivative of the former. Words meaning “to make, to do” often have secondary meanings of “for, as” – compare 作.
Etymology not certain. Starostin compared this word with Tibetan བགྱིད (bgyid, “to make, to manufacture”), བགྱི་བ (bgyi ba, “action, deed”), ཡིན (yin, “is, be”) and Burmese ဝေ (we, “to distribute, to share”). Schuessler (2007) listed *ʔaajh (“to give”) (> Khmer ឲ្យ (ʾaoy, “to give, to donate”)) and Khmer ធ្វើ (thvəə, “to do, to make”), although the vowels do not match.
The graphic representation using a monkey or an elephant probably stems from a homophonic or near-homophonic etymon which was rarely attested; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n > Jingpho woi (“monkey”) and possibly 猿 (OC *ɢʷan, “ape”). STEDT considers this word to be a possible descendant of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-gwi(j) (“elephant”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Proto-Vietic *-vɔːj (“elephant”) > Vietnamese voi (“elephant”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
為
- to do; to make
- (to turn, to transform) into; to
- to be (equivalent to, equal to)
- to take something as
- to act as; to serve as; to behave as
- 其竹節度三尺，柔細可為索，亦以皮為麻。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
- Qí zhújié duó sān chǐ, róuxì kě wéi suǒ, yì yǐ pí wéi má. [Pinyin]
- Each joint measures three chi; thin and supple, it may be used as a rope, and its skin may also be used as linen.
其竹节度三尺，柔细可为索，亦以皮为麻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- as (in the capacity of)
Compounds[edit]
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
為
Compounds[edit]
|
Japanese[edit]
| 為 | |
| 爲 |
Kanji[edit]
(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 爲)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)←ゐ (wi, historical)
- Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)←ゐ (wi, historical)
- Kun: する (suru, 為る); ため (tame, 為); たり (tari, 為); つくる (tsukuru, 為る); なす (nasu, 為す); なり (nari, 為); なる (naru, 為る)
- Nanori: さだ (sada); しげ (shige); す (su); すけ (suke); た (ta); ち (chi); なり (nari); びい (bii); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi); より (yori)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 為 |
| ため Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
⟨tame2⟩ → */taməj/ → /tame/
From Old Japanese, attested alongside with ta (see below).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
為 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 爲, hiragana ため, rōmaji tame)
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- 訳 (wake)
Proper noun[edit]
為 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 爲, hiragana ため, rōmaji Tame)
- a surname
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 為 |
| た Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Takes the particle に (ni) or の (no).
Noun[edit]
為 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 爲, hiragana た, rōmaji ta)
- Same as ため (tame) above
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 為 |
| す Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨su⟩.
Verb[edit]
為 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 爲, irregular conjugation, hiragana す, rōmaji su)
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
為 • (wi) (hangeul 위) 為 (wi; hangul: 위)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ゐ
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ゐ
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading しげ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading す
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ち
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ゆき
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