為
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
為 (radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈大弓火 (IKNF), four-corner 20227)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: not present, would follow page 669, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18981
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2198, character 11
- Unihan data for U+70BA
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 為/爲 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 为 | |
| alternative forms | 𫞟 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 爲 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Simplified from 爲.
In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意): 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (“hand; claw”).
Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque.
Etymology[edit]
The two pronunciations below (“to make; to do; to be”, “for; to; because”) are cognate; the latter is the *–s derivative of the former. Words meaning “to make, to do” often have secondary meanings of “for, as” – compare 作.
Etymology not certain. Starostin compared this word with Tibetan བགྱིད (bgyid, “to make, to manufacture”), བགྱི་བ (bgyi ba, “action, deed”), ཡིན (yin, “is, be”) and Burmese ဝေ (we, “to distribute, to share”). Schuessler (2007) listed *ʔaajh (“to give”) (> Khmer ឲ្យ (ʾaoy, “to give, to donate”)) and Khmer ធ្វើ (thvəə, “to do, to make”), although the vowels do not match.
The graphic representation using a monkey or an elephant probably stems from a homophonic or near-homophonic etymon which was rarely attested; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n > Jingpho woi (“monkey”) and possibly 猿 (OC *ɢʷan, “ape”). STEDT considers this word to be a possible descendant of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-gwi(j) (“elephant”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Proto-Vietic *-vɔːj (“elephant”) > Vietnamese voi (“elephant”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
為
- to do; to make
- to administer; to govern
- 善人為邦百年，亦可以勝殘去殺矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Shànrén wéi bāng bǎinián, yì kěyǐ shèng cán qù shā yǐ. [Pinyin]
- If good men were to govern a country in succession for a hundred years, they would be able to transform the violently bad, and dispense with capital punishments.
善人为邦百年，亦可以胜残去杀矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to construct; to make
- (to turn, to transform) into; to
- to be (equivalent to, equal to)
- to take something as
- to act as; to serve as; to behave as
- 子曰：「溫故而知新，可以為師矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Wēn gù ér zhī xīn, kěyǐ wéi shī yǐ.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."
子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 其竹節度三尺，柔細可為索，亦以皮為麻。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
- Qí zhújié duó sān chǐ, róuxì kě wéi suǒ, yì yǐ pí wéi má. [Pinyin]
- Each joint measures three chi; thin and supple, it may be used as a rope, and its skin may also be used as linen.
其竹节度三尺，柔细可为索，亦以皮为麻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- as (in the capacity of)
- by
Compounds[edit]
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
為
- for; to
- because of
- for the sake of
Compounds[edit]
|
Japanese[edit]
| 為 | |
| 爲 |
Kanji[edit]
(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 爲)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)←ゐ (wi, historical)
- Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)←ゐ (wi, historical)
- Kun: する (suru, 為る); ため (tame, 為); たり (tari, 為); つくる (tsukuru, 為る); なす (nasu, 為す); なり (nari, 為); なる (naru, 為る)
- Nanori: さだ (sada); しげ (shige); す (su); すけ (suke); た (ta); ち (chi); なり (nari); びい (bii); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi); より (yori)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 為 |
| ため Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 為 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 為, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 為 |
| た Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 為 – see た. (This term, 為, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(The following entry is uncreated: た.)
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 為 |
| す Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨su⟩.
Verb[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 為 |
| い Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
/wi/ → /i/
From Middle Chinese 為 (MC ɦˠiuᴇ).
Noun[edit]
為 • (i) (kyūjitai 爲, historical kana ゐ)
- the twelfth string on a koto (Japanese zither)
- a fingering method for playing the shakuhachi (Japanese flute)
Affix[edit]
為 • (i) (kyūjitai 爲, historical kana ゐ)
Derived terms[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
為 (eum 위 (wi))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ゐ
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading しげ
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ゆき
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