偽

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See also: 伪 and 僞
偽 U+507D, 偽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-507D
← 偼
[U+507C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 偾 →
[U+507E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

偽 (radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大火 (OIKF), four-corner 22227, composition ⿰亻為)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: not present, would follow page 112, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 927
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 195, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+507D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 偽/僞
simp. 伪

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 偽
Small seal script
ACC-s05848.svg

s05848

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L21811.svg

L21811

ACC-L21812.svg

L21812

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋʷrals): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 為 (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, “to make”), originally “artificial”.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • gūi - literary;
  • ûi/ūi - vernacular (俗).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 偽
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 支 (14)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) Chongniu III
    Fanqie 危睡切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋˠiuᴇH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋʷᵚiɛH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiuɛH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋjwiə̆H/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋjueH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋǐweH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋwie̯H/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wèi
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 偽 偽
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wěi wěi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjweH › ‹ ngjweH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/ /*m-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/
    English FALSE falsify; deceive

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 偽
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12867
    Phonetic
    component         		爲
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		僞
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋʷrals/

    Definitions[edit]

    偽

    1. false; counterfeit; bogus; fake
      虛偽 / 虚伪  ―  xūwěi  ―  hypocritical; hypocrisy
      偽造 / 伪造  ―  wěizào  ―  to forge; to counterfeit
      偽鈔 / 伪钞  ―  wěichāo  ―  counterfeit banknote
      偽政權 / 伪政权  ―  wěizhèngquán  ―  puppet government
    2. falsehood; untruthfulness
    3. illegal; illegitimate
    4. pseudo-
      偽麻黃鹼 / 伪麻黄碱  ―  wěimáhuángjiǎn  ―  pseudoephedrine

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		偽

    Kyūjitai

    		僞

    Kanji[edit]

    偽

    (common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僞)

    1. falsehood, lie
    2. fake, forgery

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    偽
    ぎ
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    /ŋui/ → /ɡwi/ → /ɡi/

    From Middle Chinese 僞 (MC ŋˠiuᴇH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    偽 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 僞, hiragana ぎ, rōmaji gi)

    1. a falsehood, lie
      Synonym: 偽り (itsuwari)
    2. (logic) a false statement (usually based without facts)
      Antonyms: 真 (shin), 真理 (shinri)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    偽
    にせ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 似せる (niseru, “copy, imitate, forge”).[2]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Adjectival noun[edit]

    偽 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 僞, hiragana にせ, katakana ニセ, rōmaji nise)

    1. a counterfeit, forgery
    2. an imitation, replica
    3. prefixed to nouns:
      1. counterfeit, forged
        偽 (にせ)札 (さつ)
        nisesatsu
        counterfeit paper money
      2. fake, false
        偽 (にせ)学生 (がくせい)
        nise-gakusei
        student with a false identity
    Usage notes[edit]
    • This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone, as ニセ.
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    偽 • (wi) (hangeul 위, McCune–Reischauer wi)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    偽 (nguỵ)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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