偽

See also: 伪 and 僞

偽 U+507D, 偽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-507D ← 偼 [U+507C] CJK Unified Ideographs 偾 → [U+507E]

Translingual

Han character

偽 (radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大火 (OIKF), four-corner 2222₇, composition ⿰亻為)

Derived characters

• 𠼮

References

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 112, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 927
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 195, character 4
• Unihan data for U+507D

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Chinese

trad.		偽/僞
simp.		伪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 偽
Small seal script s05848 Transcribed ancient scripts L21811 L21812
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Simplified from 僞 (爲 → 為). Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋʷrals): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 為 (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, “to make”), originally “artificial”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wěi, wèi

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ, ㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngúi
• Min Dong (BUC): ngôi
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): gūi / ûi / ūi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngui⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhue (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: wěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ
    • Wade–Giles: wei3
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wěi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: wèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
    • Wade–Giles: wei4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngai⁶
    • Yale: ngaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngúi
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngui`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngui³
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngôi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋui²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gūi
    • Tâi-lô: guī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gui
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡui²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡui³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡui⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
    • Tâi-lô: uî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uii
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūi
    • Tâi-lô: uī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ui
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ui²²/

Note:

• gūi - literary;
• ûi/ūi - vernacular (俗).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ngui⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngŭi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋui³⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: hhue (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɯe̞²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋˠiuᴇ^H/

Rime
Character	偽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	支 (14)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	危睡切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiuᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjwiə̆H/
Li Rong	/ŋjueH/
Wang Li	/ŋǐweH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋwie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/, /*m-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷrals/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	偽	偽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wěi	wěi
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjweH ›	‹ ngjweH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/	/*m-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/
English	FALSE	falsify; deceive
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偽
Reading #	1/1
No.	12867
Phonetic component	爲
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	僞
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷrals/

Definitions

偽

1. false; counterfeit; bogus; fake; pseudo-

   虛偽 / 虚伪  ―  xūwěi  ―  hypocritical; hypocrisy

   偽造 / 伪造  ―  wěizào  ―  to forge; to counterfeit

   偽鈔 / 伪钞  ―  wěichāo  ―  counterfeit banknote

   偽麻黃鹼 / 伪麻黄碱  ―  wěimáhuángjiǎn  ―  pseudoephedrine

2. falsehood; untruthfulness
3. illegal; illegitimate

   偽政權 / 伪政权  ―  wěizhèngquán  ―  puppet government

   偽滿洲國 / 伪满洲国  ―  Wěi-Mǎnzhōuguó  ―  Manchukuo

   偽北京大學 / 伪北京大学  ―  Wěi Běijīng Dàxué  ―  the Peking University under the control of Chinese puppet state of the Empire of Japan

Compounds

• 乘偽行詐／乘伪行诈
• 作偽／作伪 (zuòwěi)
• 偽作／伪作 (wěizuò)
• 偽劣／伪劣 (wěiliè)
• 偽君子／伪君子 (wěijūnzǐ)
• 偽品／伪品
• 偽善／伪善 (wěishàn)
• 偽國／伪国
• 偽幣／伪币 (wěibì)
• 偽政府／伪政府
• 偽政權／伪政权 (wěizhèngquán)
• 偽書／伪书 (wěishū)
• 偽本／伪本
• 偽滿洲國／伪满洲国 (Wěi-Mǎnzhōuguó)

• 偽皇／伪皇 (wěihuáng)
• 偽科學／伪科学 (wěikēxué)
• 偽組織／伪组织
• 偽經／伪经 (wěijīng)
• 偽藥／伪药
• 偽裝／伪装 (wěizhuāng)
• 偽裝滲透／伪装渗透
• 偽託／伪托
• 偽證／伪证 (wěizhèng)
• 偽譔／伪撰
• 偽足／伪足 (wěizú)
• 偽軍／伪军 (wěijūn)
• 偽造／伪造 (wěizào)
• 偽造文書／伪造文书

• 偽鈔／伪钞 (wěichāo)
• 偽飾／伪饰
• 偽麻黃鹼／伪麻黄碱 (wěimáhuángjiǎn)
• 別裁偽體／别裁伪体
• 去偽存真／去伪存真 (qùwěicúnzhēn)
• 情偽／情伪
• 真偽／真伪 (zhēnwěi)
• 真偽莫辨／真伪莫辨
• 矯言偽行／矫言伪行
• 矯飾偽行／矫饰伪行
• 虛偽／虚伪 (xūwěi)
• 詐偽／诈伪
• 邪偽／邪伪
• 飾偽／饰伪

References

• “偽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Shinjitai	偽
Kyūjitai	僞

Kanji

偽

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僞)

1. falsehood, lie
2. fake, forgery

Readings

• Go-on: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}; ぎ (gi, Jōyō)^{←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)}
• Kan-on: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}; ぎ (gi, Jōyō)^{←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)}
• Kan’yō-on: か (ka)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kun: いつわり (itsuwari, 偽り)^{←いつはり (itufari, historical)}; いつわる (itsuwaru, 偽る, Jōyō)^{←いつはる (itufaru, historical)}; にせ (nise, 偽, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 疑(ぎ)似(じ) (giji)
• 偽(ぎ)装(そう) (gisō)
• 偽(ぎ)造(ぞう) (gizō)
• 偽(ぎ)善(ぜん) (gizen)
• 偽(ぎ)名(めい) (gimei)
• 偽(ぎ)薬(やく) (giyaku)
• 虚(きょ)偽(ぎ) (kyogi), 虚(こ)偽(ぎ) (kogi)
• 詐(さ)偽(ぎ) (sagi)
• 真(しん)偽(ぎ) (shingi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
偽
ぎ Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
僞 (kyūjitai)

/ŋui/ → /ɡwi/ → /ɡi/

From Middle Chinese 僞 (MC ŋˠiuᴇ^H).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) ぎ​ [gíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲi]

Noun

偽(ぎ) • (gi) 

1. a falsehood, lie

   Synonym: 偽り (itsuwari)

2. (logic) a false statement (usually based without facts)

   Antonyms: 真 (shin), 真理 (shinri)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 偽(ぎ)印(いん) (giin)
• 偽(ぎ)札(さつ) (gisatsu)
• 偽(ぎ)陰(いん)性(せい) (giinsei)
• 偽(ぎ)陽(よう)性(せい) (giyōsei)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
偽
にせ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
僞 (kyūjitai)

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 似せる (niseru, “copy, imitate, forge”).

Alternative forms

• 贋

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) にせ [nìsé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ise̞]

Adjectival noun

偽(にせ) • (nise) 

1. a counterfeit, forgery
2. an imitation, replica
3. prefixed to nouns:
   1. counterfeit, forged

      偽(にせ)札(さつ)

      nisesatsu

      counterfeit paper money

   2. fake, false

      偽(にせ)学(がく)生(せい)

      nise-gakusei

      student with a false identity

Usage notes

• This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone, as ニセ.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 偽(にせ)アカウント (nise-akaunto), 偽(にせ)アカ (niseaka)
• 偽(にせ)印(いん) (nisein)
• 偽(にせ)書(がき), 偽(にせ)書(が)き (nisegaki)
• 偽(にせ)金(がね) (nisegane)
• 偽(にせ)首(くび) (nisekubi)
• 偽(にせ)札(さつ) (nisesatsu)
• 偽(にせ)証(じょう)文(もん) (nise-jōmon)
• 偽(にせ)電(でん)話(わ)詐(さ)欺(ぎ) (nise denwa sagi)
• 偽(にせ)判(はん) (nise-han)
• 偽(にせ)者(もの) (nisemono)
• 偽(にせ)物(もの) (nisemono)

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Korean

Hanja

偽 (eum 위 (wi))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

偽: Hán Nôm readings: ngụy/nguỵ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.