偽

See also: 伪 and 僞

偽 U+507D, 偽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-507D ← 偼 [U+507C] CJK Unified Ideographs 偾 → [U+507E]

Translingual

Han character

偽 (radical 9 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大火 (OIKF), four-corner 2222₇, composition ⿰亻為)

References

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 112, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 927
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 195, character 4
• Unihan data for U+507D

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Chinese

trad.		偽/僞
simp.		伪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 偽
Small seal script s05848 Transcribed ancient scripts L21811 L21812
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋʷrals): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 為 (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, “to make”), originally “artificial”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wěi, wèi

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ, ㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngúi
• Min Nan (POJ): gūi / ûi / ūi
• Wu (Wiktionary): hhue (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: wěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ
    • Wade-Giles: wei³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woei
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: wèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
    • Wade-Giles: wei⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngai⁶
    • Yale: ngaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngúi
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngui`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngui³
    • IPA: /ŋu̯i³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gūi
    • Tâi-lô: guī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gui
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /gui⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /gui²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /gui³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
    • Tâi-lô: uî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uii
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūi
    • Tâi-lô: uī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ui
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ui²²/

Note:

• gūi - literary;
• ûi/ūi - vernacular (俗).

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhue (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /ɦɯe̞²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋˠiuᴇ^H/▼

Rime
Character	偽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	支 (14)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	危睡切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiuᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjwiə̆H/
Li Rong	/ŋjueH/
Wang Li	/ŋǐweH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋwie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*N-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/, /*m-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷrals/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	偽	偽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wěi	wěi
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjweH ›	‹ ngjweH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/	/*m-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/
English	FALSE	falsify; deceive
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偽
Reading #	1/1
No.	12867
Phonetic component	爲
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	僞
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷrals/

Definitions

偽

1. false; counterfeit; bogus; fake

   虛偽 / 虚伪  ―  xūwěi  ―  hypocritical; hypocrisy

   偽造 / 伪造  ―  wěizào  ―  to forge; to counterfeit

   偽鈔 / 伪钞  ―  wěichāo  ―  counterfeit banknote

   偽政權 / 伪政权  ―  wěizhèngquán  ―  puppet government

2. falsehood; untruthfulness
3. illegal; illegitimate
4. pseudo-

   偽麻黃鹼 / 伪麻黄碱  ―  wěimáhuángjiǎn  ―  pseudoephedrine

Compounds

• 乘偽行詐／乘伪行诈
• 作偽／作伪
• 偽作／伪作 (wěizuò)
• 偽劣／伪劣
• 偽君子／伪君子 (wěijūnzǐ)
• 偽品／伪品
• 偽善／伪善 (wěishàn)
• 偽國／伪国
• 偽幣／伪币 (wěibì)
• 偽政府／伪政府
• 偽政權／伪政权 (wěizhèngquán)
• 偽書／伪书
• 偽本／伪本
• 偽滿洲國／伪满洲国 (wěi-Mǎnzhōuguó)

• 偽組織／伪组织
• 偽經／伪经 (wěijīng)
• 偽藥／伪药
• 偽裝／伪装 (wěizhuāng)
• 偽裝滲透／伪装渗透
• 偽託／伪托
• 偽證／伪证 (wěizhèng)
• 偽譔／伪撰
• 偽足／伪足
• 偽軍／伪军 (wěijūn)
• 偽造／伪造 (wěizào)
• 偽造文書／伪造文书
• 偽鈔／伪钞 (wěichāo)

• 偽飾／伪饰
• 偽麻黃鹼／伪麻黄碱 (wěimáhuángjiǎn)
• 別裁偽體／别裁伪体
• 去偽存真／去伪存真
• 情偽／情伪
• 真偽／真伪 (zhēnwěi)
• 真偽莫辨／真伪莫辨
• 矯言偽行／矫言伪行
• 矯飾偽行／矫饰伪行
• 虛偽／虚伪 (xūwěi)
• 詐偽／诈伪
• 邪偽／邪伪
• 飾偽／饰伪

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Japanese

Shinjitai	偽
Kyūjitai	僞

Kanji

偽

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僞)

1. falsehood, lie
2. deceive
3. pretend
4. counterfeit, forgery

Readings

• Goon: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}; ぎ (gi, Jōyō)^{←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)}
• Kan’on: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}; ぎ (gi, Jōyō)^{←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)}
• Kan’yōon: か (ka)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kun: いつわる (itsuwaru, 偽る, Jōyō)^{←いつはる (itufaru, historical)}; にせ (nise, 偽, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 偽 (ぎ)装 (そう) (gisō, “camouflage; pretense”)
• 偽 (ぎ)造 (ぞう) (gizō, “counterfeiting”)
• 偽 (ぎ)善 (ぜん) (gizen, “hypocrisy”)
• 偽 (ぎ)薬 (やく) (giyaku, “placebo”)
• 虚 (きょ)偽 (ぎ) (kyogi), 虚 (こ)偽 (ぎ) (kogi, “falsehood; fallacy”)
• 詐 (さ)偽 (ぎ) (sagi, “lie”)
• 真 (しん)偽 (ぎ) (shingi, “authenticity, veracity”)

See also

• 偽 (いつわ)り (itsuwari)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
偽
ぎ Grade: S
on’yomi

/ɡwi/ → /ɡi/

From Middle Chinese 僞 (MC ŋˠiuᴇ^H).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ぎ​ [gíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ɡʲi]

Adjectival noun

偽 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 僞, hiragana ぎ, rōmaji gi)

1. (logic) false

Derived terms

• 偽 (ぎ)名 (めい) (gimei, “false name”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
偽
にせ Grade: S
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 似せる (niseru, “copy, imitate, forge”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Alternative forms

• 贋

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) にせ [nìsé] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ise̞]

Adjectival noun

偽 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 僞, hiragana にせ, katakana ニセ, rōmaji nise)

1. imitation, fake
2. counterfeit, forgery

Prefix

偽 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 僞, hiragana にせ, katakana ニセ, rōmaji nise-)

1. pseudo-

Usage notes

• This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone, as ニセ.

Derived terms

• 偽物 (にせもの) (nisemono)

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Korean

Hanja

偽 • (wi) (hangeul 위, McCune-Reischauer wi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

偽 (nguỵ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.