危

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危 U+5371, 危
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5371
← 印
[U+5370] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卲 →
[U+5372]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character[edit]

危 (Kangxi radical 26, 卩+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓一尸山 (NMSU), four-corner 27212, composition ⿸厃㔾)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 159, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2849
  • Dae Jaweon: page 364, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 312, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5371

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 危
alternative forms 厃
𡴲
𡵁
𡴸
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 危
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (危) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鮠 *ŋuːl
峞 *ŋuːl, *ŋuːlʔ
頠 *ŋuːlʔ, *ŋrolʔ
詭 *krolʔ
垝 *krolʔ, *krols
陒 *krolʔ
觤 *krolʔ
恑 *krolʔ
蛫 *krolʔ
祪 *krolʔ
洈 *krolʔ, *ŋrol
姽 *krolʔ, *ŋrolʔ
桅 *krolʔ
佹 *krolʔ
跪 *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ
危 *ŋrol
峗 *ŋrol
硊 *ŋrolʔ
卼 *kʰruls

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 厃 (“person on a cliff or mountain”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”).

Written like 𡴲 during the Warring States period, an ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person”) + 山 (“mountain”).

Etymology[edit]

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋō̆j (~-ō̆l) (“high, rise”) and compares 危 to Burmese ငွား (ngwa:, “be large, great, be high, to project prominently above and beyond others”), Jingpho [script needed] (ŋoi, “to rise, as a hill”); & possibly Proto-Kiranti *ŋo-.

Schuessler (2007) notes that Chinese and Written Burmese can be reconciled by assuming an ST final *-l; furthermore, 危 (OC *ŋoi) may be a vocalic variant of 巍 (OC *ŋui), which in turn is related to 魏 (OC *ŋuih).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • gûi - literary;
  • hûi - vernacular;
  • ûi/lûi - colloquial.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 危
    Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵⁵/
    Harbin /uei²¹³/
    Tianjin /vei²¹/
    Jinan /vei⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ve⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /uei⁵³/
    Xi'an /uei²¹/
    Xining /uɨ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /vei⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /vei³¹/
    Ürümqi /vei⁵¹/
    Wuhan /uei²¹³/
    Chengdu /uei³¹/
    Guiyang /uei²¹/
    Kunming /uei³¹/
    Nanjing /uəi²⁴/
    Hefei /ue⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /vei¹¹/
    Pingyao /uei¹³/
    Hohhot /vei³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦue²³/
    Suzhou /ɦue̞¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦui²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ȵy³¹/
    Hui Shexian /ue⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ue⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /uei¹³/
    Xiangtan /uəi¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /ui⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ŋui¹¹/
    Taoyuan /vui¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋɐi²¹/
    Nanning /ŋɐi²¹/
    Hong Kong /ŋɐi²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /gui³⁵/
    /hui³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋuoi⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋy³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋũi⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ŋui³¹/
    Rime
    Character 危
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 支 (14)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 魚爲切
    Baxter ngjwe
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋˠiuᴇ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋʷᵚiɛ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiuɛ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋjwiə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋjue/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋǐwe/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋwie̯/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wéi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ngai4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 危
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wēi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjwe ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ŋ](r)[o]j/
    English in danger

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 危
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12781
    Phonetic
    component         		危
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		危
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋrol/

    Definitions[edit]

    危

    1. dangerous
      危在旦夕  ―  wēizàidànxī  ―  in imminent danger
      居安思危  ―  jū'ānsīwēi  ―  to think of danger in times of safety
    2. (literary) precarious; high
      危峰  ―  wēifēng  ―  towering peak
    3. dying
      病危  ―  bìngwēi  ―  critically ill
      垂危  ―  chuíwēi  ―  to be critically ill
    4. (literary) upright; proper
      正襟危坐  ―  zhèngjīnwēizuò  ―  to sit straight solemnly
    5. to endanger; to put in danger
      危及  ―  wēijí  ―  to endanger
    6. to fear; to be uneasy
      人人自危  ―  rénrénzìwēi  ―  everyone feels insecure
    7. (literary) roof
    8. (～宿) (astronomy) the Roof, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Pegasus
    9. (Internet slang, ACG) Danger! (Used usually alone by one to warn or tell other participants or viewers of a video, video game, etc. that one or several persons or things are right in danger and dying for help. Originated from a video game.)
    10. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 危 – see 懸 (“(Teochew) high; tall”).
    (This character, 危, is a variant form of 懸.)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 危
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2]
    危󠄁
    危+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    危󠄄
    危+&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    危

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. danger

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 372 (paper), page 236 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    2. ^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 261 (paper), page 142 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    危 (eumhun 위태할 위 (witaehal wi))

    1. dangerous, precarious
    2. high

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    危: Hán Nôm readings: nguy, ngoay, ngoe, nguầy, ngùy/nguỳ

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