歌

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See also: 欨
歌 U+6B4C, 歌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B4C
← 歋
[U+6B4B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歍 →
[U+6B4D]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character[edit]

歌 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一口弓人 (MRNO) or X一口弓人 (XMRNO), four-corner 17682, composition ⿰哥欠)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 571, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16167
  • Dae Jaweon: page 959, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2147, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6B4C

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 歌
alternative forms 謌／𬤐
哥
𡃭
𣤑
𣤒

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 歌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砢 *ɡ·raːlʔ
柯 *kaːl
菏 *kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁 *kaːl
滒 *kaːl
哥 *kaːl
歌 *kaːl
謌 *kaːl
鴚 *kaːl
哿 *kaːlʔ
舸 *kaːlʔ
笴 *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻 *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂 *kʰaːl
可 *kʰaːlʔ
岢 *kʰaːlʔ
坷 *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵 *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵 *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶 *qʰaːl
抲 *qʰaːl
荷 *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何 *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河 *ɡaːl
苛 *ɡaːl
魺 *ɡaːl
袔 *ɡaːls
阿 *qaːl
妸 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴 *qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳 *qaːl
娿 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾 *qaːl
跒 *kʰraːlʔ
閜 *qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːl): phonetic 哥 (OC *kaːl) + semantic 欠 (“blow”). Specialized form of 哥 (OC *kaːl, “to sing”).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaːr ~ *ga (“to dance; to sing; to leap; to stride”). Cognate with Burmese က (ka., “to dance”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • go4* - standalone or as the head of a compound;
  • go1 - variant for verb.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • koa - vernacular;
    • ko, ko͘ - literary.
    Note:
    • gua1 - vernacular;
    • go1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 歌
    Mandarin Beijing /kɤ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kɤ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kɤ²¹/
    Jinan /kə²¹³/
    Qingdao /kə²¹³/ 新
    /kuə²¹³/ 老
    Zhengzhou /kɤ²⁴/
    Xi'an /kɤ²¹/
    Xining /kɔ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kə⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /kə³¹/
    Ürümqi /kɤ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kuo⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ko⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ko⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ko⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ko³¹/
    Hefei /kʊ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /kɤ¹¹/
    Pingyao /kɔ¹³/
    Hohhot /kɤ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ku⁵³/
    Suzhou /kəu⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ko³³/
    Wenzhou /ku³³/
    Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
    Tunxi /ko¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ko³³/
    Xiangtan /ko³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ko⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /ko⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /ko²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kɔ⁵³/
    Nanning /kɔ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kɔ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ko⁵⁵/
    /kua⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ko⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kɔ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ko³³/
    /kua³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ko²³/
    /kua²³/
    Rime
    Character 歌
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 歌 (94)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古俄切
    Baxter ka
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kɑ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kɑ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɑ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ka/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɑ/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɑ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kɑ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gē
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		go1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 歌
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gē
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ka ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ˁaj/
    English sing, song

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 歌
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7438
    Phonetic
    component         		可
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		歌
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kaːl/

    Definitions[edit]

    歌

    1. to sing; to chant
      高歌  ―  gāogē  ―  to sing loudly
    2. song; tune (Classifier: 首 m c mn; 支 m c; 闋／阕 m; 隻／只 c; 條／条 h mn; 塊／块 mn)
      歌曲  ―  gēqǔ  ―  song
      民歌  ―  míngē  ―  folk song
    3. to praise

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (song):
    edit

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 歌

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    歌

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    歌
    うた
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    唄
    詩
    謳

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ota.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    歌(うた) • (uta) 

    1. (music) a song
      氷(こおり)と炎(ほのお)の歌(うた)
      Kōri to Honō no Uta
      A Song of Ice and Fire
    2. (poetry) poetry
    Usage notes[edit]
    • Despite 歌, 唄, and 詩 having the same kun-yomi reading of uta: 詩 refers to modern poetry, 歌 to songs and classical Japanese poetry (such as tanka), and 唄 is primarily used in shamisen songs.

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    歌
    か
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    Affix[edit]

    歌(か) • (ka) 

    1. a song; to sing
    2. Japanese poetry; waka

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    歌 (eumhun 노래 가 (norae ga))

    1. Hanja form? of 가 (“to sing, song”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    歌

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *Uta, from Proto-Japonic *Uta.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    歌 (hiragana ふた゚ー, romaji futā)

    1. song

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    歌

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    歌
    うた
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *Uta, from Proto-Japonic *Uta.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    歌(うた) (uta) 

    1. song

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    歌: Hán Nôm readings: ca, cà, cao

    1. chữ Hán form of ca (“to sing”).

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    歌

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *Uta, from Proto-Japonic *Uta.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    歌(うた) (uta) 

    1. song

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    歌

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *Uta, from Proto-Japonic *Uta.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    歌 (hiragana うた, romaji uta)

    1. song
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