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歌

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 欨
歌 U+6B4C, 歌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B4C
← 歋
[U+6B4B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歍 →
[U+6B4D]

Translingual

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Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character

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歌 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+10, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 一口弓人 (MRNO) or 難一口弓人 (XMRNO), four-corner 17682, composition ⿰哥欠)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 571, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16167
  • Dae Jaweon: page 959, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2147, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6B4C

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 歌
alternative forms 謌／𬤐
哥
𡃭
𣤑
𣤒

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 歌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砢 *ɡ·raːlʔ
柯 *kaːl
菏 *kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁 *kaːl
滒 *kaːl
哥 *kaːl
歌 *kaːl
謌 *kaːl
鴚 *kaːl
哿 *kaːlʔ
舸 *kaːlʔ
笴 *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻 *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂 *kʰaːl
可 *kʰaːlʔ
岢 *kʰaːlʔ
坷 *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵 *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵 *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶 *qʰaːl
抲 *qʰaːl
荷 *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何 *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河 *ɡaːl
苛 *ɡaːl
魺 *ɡaːl
袔 *ɡaːls
阿 *qaːl
妸 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴 *qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳 *qaːl
娿 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾 *qaːl
跒 *kʰraːlʔ
閜 *qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːl): phonetic 哥 (OC *kaːl) + semantic 欠 (“blow”). Specialized form of 哥 (OC *kaːl, “to sing”).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaːr ~ *ga (“to dance; to sing; to leap; to stride”). Cognate with Burmese က (ka., “to dance”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • go4* - standalone or as the head of a compound;
  • go1 - variant for verb.
Note:
  • gor1 - literary, most senses (e.g. 唱歌, 詩歌／诗歌 (shīgē));
  • go1 - vernacular (in personal names).
Note:
  • koa - vernacular;
  • ko, ko͘ - literary.
Note:
  • gua1 - vernacular;
  • go1 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: gua1 / go1
      • Sinological IPA: /kua³⁵/, /kɔ³⁵/
Note:
  • gua1 - vernacular;
  • go1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 歌
Mandarin Beijing /kɤ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kɤ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kɤ²¹/
Jinan /kə²¹³/
Qingdao /kə²¹³/ 新
/kuə²¹³/ 老
Zhengzhou /kɤ²⁴/
Xi'an /kɤ²¹/
Xining /kɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kə⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kə³¹/
Ürümqi /kɤ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuo⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ko⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ko⁵⁵/
Kunming /ko⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ko³¹/
Hefei /kʊ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kɤ¹¹/
Pingyao /kɔ¹³/
Hohhot /kɤ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ku⁵³/
Suzhou /kəu⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ko³³/
Wenzhou /ku³³/
Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
Tunxi /ko¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ko³³/
Xiangtan /ko³³/
Gan Nanchang /ko⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ko⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ko²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɔ⁵³/
Nanning /kɔ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɔ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ko⁵⁵/
/kua⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ko⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kɔ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ko³³/
/kua³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ko²³/
/kua²³/
Rime
Character 歌
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古俄切
Baxter ka
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ka/
Li
Rong 		/kɑ/
Wang
Li 		/kɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		go1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 歌
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gē
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ka ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁaj/
English sing, song

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歌
Reading # 1/1
No. 7438
Phonetic
component 		可
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		歌
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːl/

Noun

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歌

  1. song; tune (Classifier: 首 m c mn; 支 m c; 闋／阕 m; 隻／只 c w; 條／条 h mn mn-t; 塊／块 mn)
    歌曲  ―  gēqǔ  ―  song
    國歌／国歌  ―  guógē  ―  national anthem
    民歌  ―  míngē  ―  folk song

Synonyms

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Verb

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歌

  1. to sing; to chant
    高歌  ―  gāogē  ―  to sing loudly
  2. to praise

Synonyms

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Compounds

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References

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  • “歌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “歌”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 126.

Japanese

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Kanji

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歌

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
  • Kun: うたう (utau, 歌う, Jōyō)←うたふ (utafu, 歌ふ, historical)、うた (uta, 歌, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
歌
うた
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
唄
詩
謳

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ota.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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歌(うた) • (uta) 

  1. (music) a song
    氷(こおり)と炎(ほのお)の歌(うた)
    Kōri to Honō no Uta
    A Song of Ice and Fire
  2. (poetry) poetry
Usage notes
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  • Despite 歌, 唄, and 詩 having the same kun-yomi reading of uta: 詩 refers to modern poetry, 歌 to songs and classical Japanese poetry (such as tanka), and 唄 is primarily used in shamisen songs.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
歌
か
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Affix

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歌(か) • (ka) 

  1. a song; to sing
  2. Japanese poetry; waka

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

Korean

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Hanja

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歌 (eumhun 노래 가 (norae ga))

  1. hanja form? of 가 (“to sing, song”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Kunigami

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Kanji

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歌

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *Uta, from Proto-Japonic *Uta.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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歌(ふた゚ー) (futā) 

  1. song

Okinawan

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Kanji

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歌

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
歌
うた
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *Uta, from Proto-Japonic *Uta.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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歌(うた) (uta) 

  1. song

Tày

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Verb

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歌 (cà)

  1. Nôm form of cà (“to choke; to be clogged”).
    𨑮汨娘盆柳峒歌
    Mởi thâng nàng Bồn Liễu tổng Gà
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

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  • Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[5] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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歌: Hán Nôm readings: ca, cà, cao

  1. chữ Hán form of ca (“to sing”)

Yaeyama

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Kanji

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歌

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *Uta, from Proto-Japonic *Uta.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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歌(うた) (uta) 

  1. song

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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歌

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *Uta, from Proto-Japonic *Uta.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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歌(うた) (uta) 

  1. song
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