古
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
古 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十口 (JR), four-corner 40600, composition ⿱十口)
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №53
Derived characters[edit]
- 估, 咕, 姑, 岵, 怙, 𢫈, 沽, 狜, 枯, 㱠, 𤇌, 牯, 祜, 𦙶, 䀦, 秙, 𧙖, 䊀, 䑩, 蛄, 詁 (诂), 跍, 軲 (轱), 酤, 鈷 (钴), 𩚩, 𦹵, 骷, 𡪻, 鮕, 𡳰
- 故, 胡, 㼋, 瓳, 䎁, 𨐒, 𠸙, 䧸, 嘏, 𦹯, 鴣 (鸪)
- 克, 㕝, 怘, 㖛, 辜, 㕆, 呄, 㝒, 居, 苦, 㽽, 𥥖, 罟, 䇢, 啇, 𠸗
- 𣭎, 固, 㑸, 𤚦, 䀇, 䂋
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 171, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3233
- Dae Jaweon: page 380, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 568, character 3
- Unihan data for U+53E4
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
古 | |
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alternative forms | 𠖠 ‡ 故 Cantonese "story" |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 古 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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箇 | *kaːls |
個 | *kaːls |
居 | *kɯ, *kas |
橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
嫴 | *kaː |
姑 | *kaː |
辜 | *kaː |
酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
蛄 | *kaː |
鴣 | *kaː |
沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
古 | *kaːʔ |
罟 | *kaːʔ |
估 | *kaːʔ |
鈷 | *kaːʔ |
詁 | *kaːʔ |
牯 | *kaːʔ |
故 | *kaːs |
固 | *kaːs |
稒 | *kaːɡs |
痼 | *kaːɡs |
錮 | *kaːɡs |
鯝 | *kaːɡs |
棝 | *kaːɡs |
凅 | *kaːɡs |
枯 | *kʰaː |
軲 | *kʰaː |
跍 | *kʰaː |
骷 | *kʰaː |
苦 | *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs |
葫 | *qʰaː, *ɡaː |
餬 | *ɡaː |
瑚 | *ɡaː |
湖 | *ɡaː |
鶘 | *ɡaː |
猢 | *ɡaː |
醐 | *ɡaː |
糊 | *ɡaː |
箶 | *ɡaː |
蝴 | *ɡaː |
胡 | *ɡaː |
瓳 | *ɡaː |
怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
据 | *ka |
裾 | *ka |
琚 | *ka |
椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
鶋 | *ka |
蜛 | *ka |
崌 | *ka |
涺 | *ka |
腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
鋸 | *kas |
倨 | *kas |
踞 | *kas |
涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Unknown.
Fang (1982) finds evidence for the 十 component originally being a depiction of a piece of food and the character originally being a depiction of someone spitting out a piece of food. Thus, Fang argues this character is the original form of 苦 (kǔ).
Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 十 (“ten”) + 口 (“mouth”).
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ga (“old”). Cognate with 故 (OC *kaːs, “old things; former; dead”) and Tibetan རྒ (rga, “to be old; aged”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
古
- the past; ancient times
- 古今 ― gǔjīn ― ancient and modern times
- old; ancient
- classic; old-styled
- simple; unaffected; unsophisticated
- things in the past; antiquities; history
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Min Nan) story (Classifier: 段 c)
- Short for 古體詩/古体诗 (gǔtǐshī, “ancient-style poem”).
- a surname
Compounds[edit]
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Descendants[edit]
Others:
- → Vietnamese: cũ
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
古
Pronunciation 3[edit]
Definitions[edit]
古
- † Only used in 古成.
References[edit]
- “古”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: く (ku)
- Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
- Kun: ふるい (furui, 古い, Jōyō); ふるす (furusu, 古す, Jōyō); いにしえ (inishie, 古)←いにしへ (inisife, 古, historical)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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古 |
いにしえ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
/inisipe1/ > /inisiɸe/ > /inisiwe/ > /inisie/. Literally "that which has passed". From the verb 往ぬ (inu, “pass”) in adverbial form ini, the past marker き (ki) in attributive form si, and 方 (pe, “time, direction”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
古 • (inishie) ←いにしへ (inisife)?
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 고금 (古琴, gogeum, “guqin, Chinese zither”)
- 고고 (考古, gogo)
- 고고학 (考古學, gogohak, “archaeology”)
- 고전 (古典, gojeon, “classic”)
- 고어 (古語, go'eo, “archaism”)
- 고옥 (古屋, gook)
- 고조선 (古朝鮮, gojoseon, “Gojoseon”)
- 고풍 (古風, gopung, “old customs, antique”)
- 고서 (古書, goseo)
- 중고 (中古, junggo)
- 몽고 (蒙古, monggo, “Mongolia”)
- 상고 (上古, sanggo)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
古: Hán Việt readings: cổ (
古: Nôm readings: cổ[1][2][4][5][6], cỗ[2][3][7][4][6], của[1][2], có[1], cỏ[1], kẻ[3]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Shuowen radicals
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Min Bei lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Dungan adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Min Bei adjectives
- Min Dong adjectives
- Min Nan adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Xiang adjectives
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Min Bei proper nouns
- Min Dong proper nouns
- Min Nan proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Sichuanese Mandarin
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
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- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Cantonese Chinese
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- Min Nan Chinese
- Chinese nouns classified by 段
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Chinese short forms
- Chinese surnames
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- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 2 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading く
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ふる-い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ふる-す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いにしえ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いにしへ
- Japanese terms spelled with 古 read as いにしえ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 古
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese Han tu
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom