辜

辜	U+8F9C, 辜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F9C

Translingual

Han character

辜 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十口卜廿十 (JRYTJ), four-corner 4040₁, composition ⿱古辛)

Derived characters

嫴橭䐻𠽿𢡇𥢍𧬕𨬟/𨬕𨑀

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250, character 29
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38636
Dae Jaweon: page 1730, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4036, character 7
Unihan data for U+8F9C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		辜
alternative forms		𡱨𡲞𢩍𢻄𧬕𡱨𡲞𢩍𢻄𧬕𨑀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 辜
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	kɯ, kas
橭	kaː, kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	kaː, kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	kaː, kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	kaː, kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	kʰaːʔ, kʰaːs
葫	qʰaː, ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	ɡaːʔ, ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	ka, kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	ka, ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaː): phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic 辛.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gū (gu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû
Northern Min (KCR): gú
Eastern Min (BUC): gŭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ko͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): gu¹ / gou¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ku / ¹kou

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gū
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gu
  - Wade–Giles: ku¹
  - Yale: gū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
  - Palladius: гу (gu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gu¹
  - Yale: gū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gou¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔu⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
  - Tâi-lô: koo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kof
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gu¹ / gou¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ku / kou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³³/, /kou³³/

Note:

gu1 - literary;
gou1 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ku
  - MiniDict: ku^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ku
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku⁵³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹kou
  - MiniDict: kou^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kəu⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: ku

Rime
Character	辜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古胡切
Baxter	ku
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ko/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ/
Li Rong	/ko/
Wang Li	/ku/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kaː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	辜
Reading #	1/1
No.	4213
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	孤
Old Chinese	/*kaː/

Definitions

辜

crime; wrong; sin
to let down
a surname
辜振甫 ― Gū Zhènfǔ ― Koo Chen-fu (Taiwanese businessman)

Compounds

References

“辜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

辜

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こ (ko)
Kun: つみ (tsumi, 辜)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 辜 (MC ku).

Hanja

辜 (eumhun 허물 고 (heomul go))

hanja form^? of 고 (“crime; wrong; sin”)

Compounds

무고 (無辜, mugo, “innocence”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

辜: Hán Nôm readings: cô

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.