辜

辜 U+8F9C, 辜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F9C ← 辛 [U+8F9B] CJK Unified Ideographs 辝 → [U+8F9D]

Translingual

Han character

辜 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十口卜廿十 (JRYTJ), four-corner 4040₁, composition ⿱古辛)

References

• KangXi: page 1250, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38636
• Dae Jaweon: page 1730, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4036, character 7
• Unihan data for U+8F9C

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		辜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 辜
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	*kɯ, *kas
橭	*kaː, *kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	*kaː, *kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫	*qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	*ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	*ka, *ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gū (gu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû
• Min Bei (KCR): gú
• Min Dong (BUC): gŭ
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gu¹ / gou¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gū
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gu
    • Wade–Giles: ku1
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu¹
    • Yale: gū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
    • Tâi-lô: koo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kof
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gu¹ / gou¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ku / kou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³³/, /kou³³/

Note:

• gu1 - literary;
• gou1 - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: /kuo/

Rime
Character	辜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古胡切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ko/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ/
Li Rong	/ko/
Wang Li	/ku/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	辜
Reading #	1/1
No.	4213
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	孤
Old Chinese	/*kaː/

Definitions

辜

1. crime; wrong; sin
2. to let down
3. a surname.

   辜振甫  ―  Gū Zhènfǔ  ―  Koo Chen-fu (Taiwanese businessman)

Compounds

• 不辜 (bùgū)
• 保辜限
• 平白無辜／平白无辜
• 戕害不辜 (qiānghàibùgū)
• 死有餘辜／死有余辜 (sǐyǒuyúgū)

• 波及無辜／波及无辜
• 濫殺無辜／滥杀无辜 (lànshā wúgū)
• 無辜／无辜 (wúgū)
• 辜人
• 辜恩背義／辜恩背义

• 辜恩負義／辜恩负义
• 辜榷
• 辜汪會談／辜汪会谈
• 辜負／辜负 (gūfù)

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Japanese

Kanji

辜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こ (ko)
• Kun: つみ (tsumi, 辜)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 辜 (MC kuo).

Hanja

辜 (eumhun 허물 고 (heomul go))

1. Hanja form^? of 고 (“crime; wrong; sin”).

Compounds

• 무고 (無辜, mugo, “innocence”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

辜: Hán Nôm readings: cô

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.