姑

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姑 U+59D1, 姑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59D1
← 姐
[U+59D0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 姒 →
[U+59D2]
See also: 故

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

姑 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女十口 (VJR), four-corner 44460, composition ⿰女古)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 258, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6174
  • Dae Jaweon: page 524, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1035, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+59D1

Chinese[edit]

trad. 姑
simp. # 姑

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 姑
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
箇 *kaːls
個 *kaːls
居 *kɯ, *kas
橭 *kaː, *kʰaː
嫴 *kaː
姑 *kaː
辜 *kaː
酤 *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄 *kaː
鴣 *kaː
沽 *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬 *kaː, *kaːʔ
古 *kaːʔ
罟 *kaːʔ
估 *kaːʔ
鈷 *kaːʔ
詁 *kaːʔ
牯 *kaːʔ
故 *kaːs
固 *kaːs
稒 *kaːɡs
痼 *kaːɡs
錮 *kaːɡs
鯝 *kaːɡs
棝 *kaːɡs
凅 *kaːɡs
枯 *kʰaː
軲 *kʰaː
跍 *kʰaː
骷 *kʰaː
苦 *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫 *qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬 *ɡaː
瑚 *ɡaː
湖 *ɡaː
鶘 *ɡaː
猢 *ɡaː
醐 *ɡaː
糊 *ɡaː
箶 *ɡaː
蝴 *ɡaː
胡 *ɡaː
瓳 *ɡaː
怙 *ɡaːʔ
祜 *ɡaːʔ
岵 *ɡaːʔ
婟 *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛 *ɡaːʔ
据 *ka
裾 *ka
琚 *ka
椐 *ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋 *ka
蜛 *ka
崌 *ka
涺 *ka
腒 *ka, *ɡa
鋸 *kas
倨 *kas
踞 *kas
涸 *ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaː) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) – a type of woman (aunt, mother-in-law).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 姑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古胡切
Baxter ku
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kuo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kuo/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ko/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɔ/
Li
Rong 		/ko/
Wang
Li 		/ku/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 姑
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ku ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁa/
English father"s sister

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 姑
Reading # 1/1
No. 4212
Phonetic
component 		古
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		孤
Old
Chinese 		/*kaː/

Definitions[edit]

姑

  1. father's sister
  2. husband's sister
  3. husband's mother
  4. woman
  5. nun
  6. mole cricket
  7. tentatively
  8. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 姑姑 (“paternal aunt (father's sister)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 姑母
Mandarin Beijing 姑媽 §, 姑姑, 姑兒, 娘兒
Taiwan 姑姑
Harbin 姑, 姑姑
Shenyang 姑姑
Yantai (Muping) 姑
Jinan 姑姑, 姑
Luoyang 姑
Wanrong 姑
Wanrong (Ronghe) 姑
Xi'an 姑媽 †, 姑 ‡
Yinchuan 姑媽
Lanzhou 娘娘
Xining 娘娘
Ürümqi 姑媽 †, 姑姑 ‡
Wuhan 姑媽 §, 娘娘, 葉葉, 小爹 dated
Chengdu 姑媽 §, 娘娘
Guiyang 姑媽 §, 娘娘 ‡≠
Kunming 姑媽 §, 娘 ≠
Liuzhou 姑媽 †, 姑 ‡, 阿姑 ‡
Xuzhou 姑娘, 姑姑, 姑兒
Yangzhou 娘娘, 大姑子 † eldest
Nanjing 姑媽 †, 娘娘 ‡
Hefei 姑佬, 佬佬, 佬
Nantong 姑媽 †
Singapore 姑姑
Cantonese Guangzhou 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Hong Kong 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 大姑 †, 姑仔 ‡
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 大姑 †, 阿姑 ‡
Macau 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Guangzhou (Panyu) 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 姑母 †, 娘仔 ‡
Guangzhou (Conghua) 阿娘 †, 阿姑 ‡
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 大姑 †, 姑媽 †, 阿姑 ‡, 姑姐 ‡
Foshan 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 姑姐
Foshan (Shunde) 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Foshan (Sanshui) 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 阿姑
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 阿姑
Zhuhai (Doumen) 阿姑
Jiangmen (Baisha) 阿姑 †, 姑仔 ‡
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 阿姑
Taishan 阿姑, 大姑 †, 姑 ‡, 姑仔 ‡
Kaiping (Chikan) 阿姑
Enping (Niujiang) 阿姑
Heshan (Yayao) 姑媽 †, 阿姑 ‡
Dongguan 阿姑, 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 大姑 †, 姑媽 †, 阿姑 ‡, 姑姐 ‡
Shaoguan 姑媽, 姑姐
Yunfu 阿姑
Yangjiang 大姑 †, 阿姑 ‡
Xinyi 阿姑
Lianjiang 𡜵奶 †, 姑 ‡, 姑仔 ‡, 阿姑 ‡
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 姑媽, 姑姐 ≠
Singapore (Guangfu) 姑媽
Gan Nanchang 姑娘, 姑姑, 姑, 大娘, 大姑娘
Lichuan 姑
Pingxiang 姑娘
Hakka Meixian 阿姑
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 阿姑
Dongguan (Qingxi) 大姑 †, 阿姑 ‡
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 大姑 †, 細姑 ‡
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 大姑 †, 姑仔 ‡
Conghua (Lütian) 阿姑
Yudu 姑姑, 姑姊
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿姑
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿姑
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 阿姑
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 阿姑
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 阿姑
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿姑
Hong Kong 大姑 †, 姑仔 ‡
Senai (Huiyang) 阿姑
Huizhou Jixi 姑, 姑姑
Jin Taiyuan 姑姑, 姑媽
Xinzhou 姑姑 ∅, 姑姑啊
Northern Min Jian'ou 姑姑
Eastern Min Fuzhou 大細姑, 姑媽 †, 姑 ‡, 依姑 ‡
Fuqing 姑姐 †, 大姐 †, 姑 ‡, 阿姑 ‡
Matsu 依姑
Singapore (Fuqing) 姑姑
Southern Min Xiamen 阿姑
Quanzhou 阿姑
Zhangzhou 阿姑
Kaohsiung 阿姑
Yilan 阿姑
Changhua (Lukang) 阿姑
Taichung 阿姑
Taichung (Wuqi) 阿姑
Tainan 阿姑
Taitung 阿姑
Hsinchu 阿姑
Penghu (Magong) 阿姑
Penang (Hokkien) 阿姑
Singapore (Hokkien) 阿姑
Manila (Hokkien) 阿姑, 姑姑
Chaozhou 阿姑
Shantou 阿姑
Bangkok (Teochew) 阿姑
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿姑
Singapore (Teochew) 阿姑
Leizhou 姑母, 尼姑 ‡, ∅, 姑 ‡, ¶, 父姑 ‡
Wenchang 姆 †, 姑㜥 ‡, 㜥 ‡
Haikou 姑母 ∅, 阿姑
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 姑母 †, 姑 ‡
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 姑母 †, 姑 ‡
Wu Shanghai 娘娘, 姑母, 姑媽 ‡
Shanghai (Chongming) 姑娘
Suzhou 嬤嬤 †, 娘娘 ‡
Danyang 親嫚
Hangzhou 乾娘
Ningbo 姑嬤 †, 阿姑 ‡
Wenzhou 阿娘
Jinhua 娘娘, 姑 ∅
Xiang Changsha 姑媽 §, 姑子 ≠, 大姑子 †, 細姑子 ‡
Loudi 大唧 †, 嫚嫚 ‡
Shuangfeng 大基 †, 嫚嫚 ‡
Note † - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

姑

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

/sihi1to2me1/: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome]. Compound of 舅 (shihito, “in law”) and 女 (me, “woman”). See next entry.

Noun[edit]

姑(しひとめ) • (shihitome) 

  1. a mother-in-law

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
姑
しゅうとめ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From shihitome: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome] → [shiɸutome] → [shiwutome] → [shiutome] → [shuːtome].

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

姑(しゅうとめ) • (shūtome) ←しうとめ (siutome)?

  1. a mother-in-law
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

姑(しゅうと) • (shūto) ←しうと (siuto)?

  1. a mother-in-law
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

姑 (eumhun 시어미 고 (sieomi go))

  1. Hanja form? of 고 (“mother-in-law”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

姑: Hán Việt readings: cô[1][2][3][4][5][6]
姑: Nôm readings: cô[1][2][3], co[1][2], go[7], o[7], cua[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of cô (“paternal aunt, young lady”).
  2. Nôm form of o (“dialectal form of cô”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Trần (1999).
  5. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hồ (1976).
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