始

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
始 U+59CB, 始
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59CB
← 姊
[U+59CA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 姌 →
[U+59CC]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

始 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女戈口 (VIR), four-corner 43460, composition ⿰女台)

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 258, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6166
  • Dae Jaweon: page 523, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1041, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+59CB

Chinese[edit]

trad. 始
simp. # 始
alternative forms 兘
乨
𠃭
𠙉

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
胎 *l̥ʰɯː
台 *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ
邰 *l̥ʰɯː
鮐 *l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ
孡 *l̥ʰɯː
苔 *l'ɯː
抬 *l'ɯː
駘 *l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ
炱 *l'ɯː
菭 *l'ɯː, *l'i
跆 *l'ɯː
殆 *l'ɯːʔ
怠 *l'ɯːʔ
迨 *l'ɯːʔ
紿 *l'ɯːʔ
詒 *l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ
軩 *l'ɯːʔ
咍 *hlɯː
佁 *lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
枲 *slɯʔ
辝 *ljɯ
鈶 *ljɯʔ
笞 *l̥ʰɯ
齝 *l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ
眙 *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ
治 *l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is
始 *hljɯʔ
怡 *lɯ
貽 *lɯ
飴 *lɯ
瓵 *lɯ
珆 *li

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯʔ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sṳ̄ - vernacular;
  • sé̤ṳ - literary.
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 始
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ʂʐ̩²¹³/
    Tianjin /sz̩¹³/
    Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
    Xi'an /sz̩⁵³/
    Xining /sz̩⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /sz̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /sz̩⁴²/
    Chengdu /sz̩⁵³/
    Guiyang /sz̩⁴²/
    Kunming /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
    Nanjing /ʂʐ̩²¹²/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /sz̩⁵³/
    Pingyao /sz̩⁵³/
    Hohhot /sz̩⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /sz̩³⁵/
    Suzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /sz̩⁵³/
    Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /sz̩³⁵/
    Tunxi /ɕi³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /sz̩²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /sz̩³¹/
    Taoyuan /ʃï³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰi³⁵/
    Nanning /t͡sʰi³⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰi³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /si⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sy³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /si⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ti³¹/
    Rime
    Character 始
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 之 (19)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 詩止切
    Baxter syiX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕɨX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕɨX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕieX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕɨX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕiəX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕĭəX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shǐ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		si2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 始
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shǐ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ syiX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l̥əʔ/
    English begin

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 始
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12291
    Phonetic
    component         		台
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		始
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hljɯʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    始

    1. beginning; start
    2. to begin; to start
    3. initial; first
    4. proto-; eo-
    5. then; only then; only after
      Synonym: 才 (cái)

    Antonyms[edit]

    • (beginning): 終／终 (zhōng)

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (始):
    • → Japanese: 始(し) (shi)
    • → Korean: 시(始) (si)
    • → Vietnamese: thuỷ (始)

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    始

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. to begin; to start

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    始
    し
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 始 (MC syiX).

    Affix[edit]

    始(し) • (shi) 

    1. beginning; start
    2. initial; first

    Derived terms[edit]

    See also[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 始 (MC syiX). Recorded as Middle Korean 시 (si) (Yale: si) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    始 (eumhun 비롯할 시 (birothal si))
    始 (eumhun 비로소 시 (biroso si))

    1. Hanja form? of 시 (“beginning; start”).
    2. Hanja form? of 시 (“initial; first”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    始: Hán Việt readings: thủy/thuỷ[1][2][3], thỉ (詩(thi)止(chỉ)切(thiết))[2][4][3]
    始: Nôm readings: thỉ[4][5], thủy/thuỷ[1], thũy/thuỹ

    1. chữ Hán form of thuỷ/thủy (“beginning; start; initial”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Génibrel (1898).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=始&oldid=73732761"