Etymology 1 [ edit ]
From Middle Korean 시 ( -si ) , from Old Korean 賜 ( *-si ) .
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Revised Romanization?
si
Revised Romanization (translit.)?
si
McCune–Reischauer?
si
Yale Romanization?
si
—시 • (-si )
honorific suffix applied to verbs and adjectives, denoting that the subject is honored
선생님 께서 여기 로 오신 다 .Seonsaengnimkkeseo yeogiro osin da. The [honorable] teacher is coming here.
손 이 정말 예쁘시 네요 .Soni jeongmal yeppeusi neyo. Your [honorable] hand is truly pretty.
얘 야 , 형 님 은 운동 을 언제 하시 냐 ?Yaeya, hyeongnimeun undong-eul eonje hasi nya? Child, when does your [honorable] older brother do his exercises?
( proscribed ) honorific suffix applied to verbs and adjectives, denoting that the addressee is honored
손 님 , 문 이 열리시 겠습니다 .Sonnim, muni yeollisi getseumnida. [Honorable] sir, the door is about to open.
Usage notes [ edit ]
The suffix 시 ( -si ) expresses that the speaker is honoring the subject of the verb or adjective (Korean adjectives behave largely identically to verbs and take subjects). The honored subject can be a person of greater social status than the speaker, as in the first example; an object belonging to such a person which becomes honored by virtue of its possessor, as in the second example; or a person of greater social status than the addressee of the conversation with the speaker speaking from the social perspective of the addressee, as in the third example.
In the colloquial language, 시 ( -si ) is also used to honor the addressee in a conversation to a level greater than that allowed by the 습니다 ( -sumnida ) suffix alone. As of 2020, this form is still generally considered prescriptively wrong, although it remains widespread and may eventually be accepted as standard.
The honorific form is constructed by appending 시 ( -si ) to the sequential form of a verb or an adjective.
Plain (non-honorific)
Sequential
Honorific
하다 (hada , “to do”)
하니 (hani )
하시 다 (hasi da , “[for someone honorable] to do”)
가다 (gada , “to go”)
가니 (gani )
가시 다 (gasi da , “[for someone honorable] to go”)
살다 (salda , “to live”)
사니 (sani )
사시 다 (sasi da , “[for someone honorable] to live”)
작다 (jakda , “to be small”)
작으니 (jageuni )
작으시 다 (jageusi da , “[for something honorable] to be small”)
곱다 (gopda , “to be lovely”)
고우니 (gouni )
고우시 다 (gousi da , “[for someone honorable] to be lovely”)
See also [ edit ]
님 (nim ), the honorific suffix for many nouns
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
Sino-Korean word from 市 , from the Middle Korean reading 시〯 (Yale : sǐ ), from Middle Chinese 市 (MC d͡ʑɨX ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Revised Romanization?
si
Revised Romanization (translit.)?
si
McCune–Reischauer?
si
Yale Romanization?
sī
시 • (si ) (hanja 市 )
town ; city
시 의회 는 그 문제 가 주민 투표 를 거쳐야 할 사안 이라고 결정하였다 .Si uihoeneun geu munjega jumin tupyoreul geochyeoya hal saanirago gyeoljeonghayeotda.The city council decided the matter should go to public vote.
( South Korea , government ) an administrative region, a division of a province having a population of over 150,000
(Administrative divisions of South Korea ) 리(里) ( ri ) , 동(洞) ( dong ) , 면(面) ( myeon ) , 읍(邑) ( eup ) , 구(區) ( gu ) , 군(郡) ( gun ) , 시(市) ( si ) , 도(道) ( do )
Derived terms [ edit ]
Etymology 3 [ edit ]
Sino-Korean word from 詩 , from the Middle Korean reading 시 (Yale : sì ), from Middle Chinese 詩 (MC ɕɨ ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Revised Romanization?
si
Revised Romanization (translit.)?
si
McCune–Reischauer?
si
Yale Romanization?
si
시 • (si ) (hanja 詩 )
poem ; poetry
시 를 읊다 si reul eupdato recite a poem
Derived terms [ edit ]
Etymology 4 [ edit ]
Sino-Korean word from 時 , from the Middle Korean reading 시 (Yale : sì ), from Middle Chinese 時 (MC d͡ʑɨ ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Revised Romanization?
si
Revised Romanization (translit.)?
si
McCune–Reischauer?
si
Yale Romanization?
si
Dependent noun [ edit ]
시 • (si ) (hanja 時 )
hour ( time )
time
Derived terms [ edit ]
Etymology 5 [ edit ]
Sino-Korean word from 視 . Compare Japanese 視( し ) ( -shi , “ treating as; viewing as” ) .
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Revised Romanization?
si
Revised Romanization (translit.)?
si
McCune–Reischauer?
si
Yale Romanization?
si
—시 • (-si ) (hanja 視 )
treating as; viewing as
적대시 (敵對視 ) ― jeokdaesi ― treating with hostility
금기시 (禁忌視 ) ― geumgisi ― viewing as a taboo
문제시 (問題視 ) ― munjesi ― viewing as a problem
Derived terms [ edit ]
Etymology 6 [ edit ]
Korean reading of various Chinese characters.
Syllable [ edit ]
시 (si)
Extended content
市 : (MC reading : 市 (MC d͡ʑɨX ))
示 : (MC reading : 示 (MC ɡiᴇ, ʑiɪH ))
是 : (MC reading : 是 (MC d͡ʑiᴇX ))
時 : (MC reading : 時 (MC d͡ʑɨ ))
詩 : (MC reading : 詩 (MC ɕɨ ))
施 : (MC reading : 施 (MC ɕiᴇ, ɕiᴇH ))
試 : (MC reading : 試 (MC ɕɨH ))
始 : (MC reading : 始 (MC ɕɨX ))
矢 : (MC reading : 矢 (MC ɕˠiɪX ))
侍 : (MC reading : 侍 (MC d͡ʑɨH ))
視 : (MC reading : 視 (MC d͡ʑiɪX , d͡ʑiɪH ))
柴 : (MC reading : 柴 (MC d͡ʒˠɛ ))
匙 : (MC reading : 匙 (MC d͡ʑiᴇ ))
媤 : (MC reading : 媤 )
屍 : (MC reading : 屍 (MC ɕiɪ, ɕiɪH ))