구

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구 U+AD6C, 구
HANGUL SYLLABLE GU
Composition:ㄱ + ㅜ
← 굫
[U+AD6B] 		Hangul Syllables 국 →
[U+AD6D]
See also: -구- and -구

(see above for verbal suffixes)

See also: 子
구국굮굯군굱굲
굳굴굵굶굷굸굹
굺굻굼굽굾굿궀
궁궂궃궄궅궆궇
교 ←→ 궈

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 九 (“nine”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gu
McCune–Reischauer?ku
Yale Romanization?kwu

Numeral[edit]

Korean numbers (edit)
90
 ←  8 9 10  → 
    Native isol.: 아홉 (ahop)
    Native attr.: 아홉 (ahop)
    Sino-Korean: 구 (gu)
    Hanja: 九
    Ordinal: 아홉째 (ahopjjae)

구 • (gu) (hanja 九)

  1. (Sino-Korean numeral) nine
Usage notes[edit]

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

  • 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
  • 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

  • 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
  • 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 球 (“ball, sphere”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gu
McCune–Reischauer?ku
Yale Romanization?kwu

Noun[edit]

구 • (gu) (hanja 球)

  1. sphere
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
  • 공 (gong, “ball”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 舊 (“former, old”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [구(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gu
McCune–Reischauer?ku
Yale Romanization?kwū

Determiner[edit]

구 • (gu) (hanja 舊)

  1. former; defunct
    Antonym: 신(新) (sin, “new”)
    구시대 ― gusidae ― former period; bygone period
    구 소련 ― gu Soryeon ― the former Soviet Union
Usage notes[edit]
  • Before most common nouns, it is written without spaces as a prefix.
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 區 (“area, district”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gu
McCune–Reischauer?ku
Yale Romanization?kwu

Noun[edit]

구 • (gu) (hanja 區)

  1. ward, district; administrative division of a large city.
Coordinate terms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 具 (“classifier for coffins, corpses”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gu
McCune–Reischauer?ku
Yale Romanization?kwu

Counter[edit]

구 • (gu) (hanja 具)

  1. Used to count corpses.
Usage notes[edit]
  • Usually takes native numerals.
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 6[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 口 (“mouth, hole”).

Counter[edit]

구 • (gu) (hanja 口)

  1. (obsolete) Used to count family members.

Suffix[edit]

—구 • (-gu) (hanja 口)

  1. gateway
    ‎출입(出入) (churip, “coming and going”) + ‎구(口) (gu) → ‎출입구(出入口) (churipgu, “entrance/exit”)
    ‎비상(非常) (bisang, “emergency”) + ‎구(口) (gu) → ‎비상구(非常口) (bisanggu, “emergency exit”)

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 7[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 俱 (“tool”).

Suffix[edit]

—구 • (-gu) (hanja 俱)

  1. tool for...
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 8[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 溝.

Numeral[edit]

구 • (gu) (hanja 溝)

  1. (rare) the number 1032
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 9[edit]

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable[edit]

구 (gu)

Extended content
  1. 丘: small hill
    (eumhun reading: 언덕 구 (eondeok gu))
    (MC reading: 丘 (MC khjuw))
  2. 丠:
    (MC reading: 丠 (MC khjuw))
  3. 丩:
    (MC reading: 丩 (MC kjuw))
  4. 久: to be long
    (eumhun reading: 오랠 구 (orael gu))
    (MC reading: 久 (MC kjuwX))
  5. 乆:
    (MC reading: 乆)
  6. 九: nine
    (eumhun reading: 아홉 구 (ahop gu))
    (MC reading: 九 (MC kjuwX))
  7. 仇:
    (MC reading: 仇 (MC gjuw))
  8. 佉:
    (MC reading: 佉 (MC khja))
  9. 佝:
    (MC reading: 佝 (MC xuwH))
  10. 俅:
    (MC reading: 俅 (MC gjuw))
  11. 俱: accompany, together
    (eumhun reading: 함께 구 (hamkke gu))
    (MC reading: 俱 (MC kju))
  12. 倃:
    (MC reading: 倃 (MC kaw|gjuwX))
  13. 傴:
    (MC reading: 傴 (MC 'juX))
  14. 具: tool
    (eumhun reading: 갖출 구 (gatchul gu))
    (MC reading: 具 (MC gjuH))
  15. 冓:
    (MC reading: 冓 (MC kuw|kuwH))
  16. 劬:
    (MC reading: 劬 (MC gju))
  17. 劶:
    (MC reading: 劶)
  18. 勼:
    (MC reading: 勼 (MC kjuw))
  19. 勾:
    (MC reading: 勾 (MC kuw|kuwH))
  20. 匓:
    (MC reading: 匓)
  21. 匛:
    (MC reading: 匛)
  22. 匶:
    (MC reading: 匶 (MC gjuwH))
  23. 区:
    (MC reading: 区)
  24. 區: area; district; region; ward
    (eumhun reading: 구역 구 (guyeok gu))
    (MC reading: 區 (MC khju|'uw))
  25. 厩:
    (MC reading: 厩)
  26. 句: sentence; phrase
    (eumhun reading: 글귀 구 (geulgwi gu))
    (MC reading: 句 (MC gju|kuw|kjuH|kuwH))
  27. 叴:
    (MC reading: 叴 (MC gjuw))
  28. 呴:
    (MC reading: 呴 (MC xuwX|xjuH))
  29. 咎:
    (MC reading: 咎 (MC kaw|gjuwX))
  30. 嘔:
    (MC reading: 嘔 (MC 'uw|'uwX))
  31. 坵:
    (MC reading: 坵)
  32. 坸:
    (MC reading: 坸)
  33. 垢:
    (MC reading: 垢 (MC kuwX))
  34. 夻: a cod
    (eumhun reading: 대구 구 (daegu gu))
    (MC reading: 夻)
  35. 姤:
    (MC reading: 姤 (MC kuwH))
  36. 媾:
    (MC reading: 媾 (MC kuwH))
  37. 柩: coffin
    (eumhun reading: 널 구 (neol gu))
    (MC reading: 柩 (MC gjuwH))
  38. 枸:
    (MC reading: 枸 (MC kuw|kjuX|kuwX))
  39. 昫:
    (MC reading: 昫 (MC xjuH))
  40. 旧:
    (MC reading: 旧)
  41. 救: save, rescue; help
    (eumhun reading: 건질 구 (geonjil gu))
    (MC reading: 救 (MC kjuwH))
  42. 摳:
    (MC reading: 摳 (MC khju|khuw))
  43. 搆:
    (MC reading: 搆 (MC kuwH))
  44. 捄:
    (MC reading: 捄 (MC kju|gjuw))
  45. 拘: restrain, seize, detain
    (eumhun reading: 잡을 구 (jabeul gu))
    (MC reading: 拘 (MC kju))
  46. 拒:
    (MC reading: 拒 (MC gjoX))
  47. 扣:
    (MC reading: 扣 (MC khuwX|khuwH))
  48. 戵:
    (MC reading: 戵 (MC gju))
  49. 懼: fear; be afraid of; dread
    (eumhun reading: 두려워할 구 (duryeowohal gu))
    (MC reading: 懼 (MC gjuH))
  50. 彀:
    (MC reading: 彀 (MC kuwH))
  51. 廐:
    (MC reading: 廐)
  52. 廏: stable
    (eumhun reading: 마구간 구 (magugan gu))
    (MC reading: 廏)
  53. 廄:
    (MC reading: 廄 (MC kjuwH))
  54. 嶇:
    (MC reading: 嶇 (MC khju))
  55. 岣:
    (MC reading: 岣 (MC kju|kuwX))
  56. 屨:
    (MC reading: 屨 (MC kjuH))
  57. 寇: bandit; thief; invader
    (eumhun reading: 도둑 구 (doduk gu))
    (MC reading: 寇 (MC khuwH))
  58. 嫗:
    (MC reading: 嫗 (MC 'juH))
  59. 柾:
    (MC reading: 柾)
  60. 榘:
    (MC reading: 榘 (MC kjuX))
  61. 構:
    (MC reading: 構 (MC kuwH))
  62. 歐: Europe
    (eumhun reading: 구라파 구 (gurapa gu))
    (MC reading: 歐 (MC 'uw|'uwX))
  63. 毆:
    (MC reading: 毆 (MC 'uwX))
  64. 毬:
    (MC reading: 毬 (MC gjuw))
  65. 求: request, wish
    (eumhun reading: 구할 구 (guhal gu))
    (MC reading: 求 (MC gjuw))
  66. 溝:
    (MC reading: 溝 (MC kuw))
  67. 漚:
    (MC reading: 漚 (MC 'uw|'uwH))
  68. 灸:
    (MC reading: 灸 (MC kjuwX|kjuwH))
  69. 狗: dog
    (eumhun reading: 개 구 (gae gu))
    (MC reading: 狗 (MC kuwX))
  70. 玖:
    (MC reading: 玖 (MC kjuwX))
  71. 球: ball
    (eumhun reading: 공 구 (gong gu))
    (MC reading: 球 (MC gjuw))
  72. 璆: beautiful jade; twinkle
    (eumhun reading: 아름다운 옥 구 (areumdaun ok gu))
    (MC reading: 璆 (MC gjuw|gjiw))
  73. 甌:
    (MC reading: 甌 (MC 'uw))
  74. 疚:
    (MC reading: 疚 (MC kjuwH))
  75. 痀:
    (MC reading: 痀 (MC kju))
  76. 癯:
    (MC reading: 癯 (MC gju))
  77. 瞿:
    (MC reading: 瞿 (MC gju|kjuH))
  78. 矩:
    (MC reading: 矩 (MC kjuX))
  79. 穀:
    (MC reading: 穀 (MC kuwk))
  80. 究: examine, investigate
    (eumhun reading: 연구할 구 (yeon'guhal gu))
    (MC reading: 究 (MC kjuwH))
  81. 窛:
    (MC reading: 窛)
  82. 窶:
    (MC reading: 窶 (MC gjuX))
  83. 篝: old
    (eumhun reading: 예 구 (ye gu))
    (MC reading: 篝 (MC kuw))
  84. 糗: careless; illicit; if, but, if only
    (eumhun reading: 진실로 구 (jinsillo gu))
    (MC reading: 糗 (MC khjuwX))
  85. 絿:
    (MC reading: 絿 (MC gjuw))
  86. 耇:
    (MC reading: 耇 (MC kuwX))
  87. 耈:
    (MC reading: 耈)
  88. 耉:
    (MC reading: 耉)
  89. 胊:
    (MC reading: 胊)
  90. 臼:
    (MC reading: 臼 (MC gjuwX))
  91. 舅:
    (MC reading: 舅 (MC gjuwX))
  92. 舊:
    (MC reading: 舊 (MC gjuwH))
  93. 苟:
    (MC reading: 苟 (MC kuwX))
  94. 蒟:
    (MC reading: 蒟 (MC kjuX|kjuH))
  95. 蚯:
    (MC reading: 蚯 (MC khjuw))
  96. 衢:
    (MC reading: 衢 (MC gju))
  97. 裘:
    (MC reading: 裘 (MC gjuw))
  98. 覯:
    (MC reading: 覯 (MC kuwH))
  99. 詬:
    (MC reading: 詬 (MC kuwX|khuwH|xuwH))
  100. 謳:
    (MC reading: 謳 (MC 'uw))
  101. 購:
    (MC reading: 購 (MC kuwH))
  102. 軀: body
    (eumhun reading: 몸 구 (mom gu))
    (MC reading: 軀 (MC khju))
  103. 逑:
    (MC reading: 逑 (MC gjuw))
  104. 遘:
    (MC reading: 遘 (MC kuwH))
  105. 邱:
    (MC reading: 邱 (MC khjuw))
  106. 釦:
    (MC reading: 釦 (MC khuwX))
  107. 鉤:
    (MC reading: 鉤 (MC kuw))
  108. 銶:
    (MC reading: 銶 (MC gjuw))
  109. 鞫:
    (MC reading: 鞫 (MC kjuwk))
  110. 鞲:
    (MC reading: 鞲)
  111. 韭:
    (MC reading: 韭 (MC kjuwX))
  112. 韮:
    (MC reading: 韮)
  113. 颶:
    (MC reading: 颶)
  114. 駆:
    (MC reading: 駆)
  115. 駈:
    (MC reading: 駈)
  116. 駒:
    (MC reading: 駒 (MC kju))
  117. 驅: spur a horse on; expel, drive away
    (eumhun reading: 몰 구 (mol gu))
    (MC reading: 驅 (MC khju|khjuH))
  118. 鬮:
    (MC reading: 鬮 (MC kjuw|kjiwX))
  119. Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.:
    (MC reading: Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.)
  120. Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.:
    (MC reading: Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.)
  121. Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.:
    (MC reading: Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.)
  122. Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.:
    (MC reading: Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.)
  123. Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.:
    (MC reading: Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.)
  124. Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.:
    (MC reading: Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.)
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