狗

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See also: 豿
狗 U+72D7, 狗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D7
← 狖
[U+72D6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狘 →
[U+72D8]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order
狗-order.gif

Han character[edit]

狗 (radical 94, 犬+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大竹心口 (KHPR), four-corner 47220, composition ⿰犭句)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 709, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20345
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1341, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+72D7

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 狗

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 狗
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
狗-silk.svg 狗-seal.svg 狗-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勾 *koː, *koːs
鉤 *koː
鴝 *koː, *ɡo
句 *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠 *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸 *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥 *koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗 *koːʔ
苟 *koːʔ
岣 *koːʔ, *ko
笱 *koːʔ
玽 *koːʔ
耇 *koːʔ
豿 *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂 *koːʔ
怐 *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊 *koːs
竘 *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁 *qʰoː
呴 *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼 *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞 *qʰoːs
訽 *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝 *qʰoːs
拘 *ko
駒 *ko
眗 *ko
跔 *ko
鮈 *ko
痀 *ko
蒟 *koʔ, *kos
絇 *kos, *ɡo
邭 *kos
劬 *ɡo
朐 *ɡo
鼩 *ɡo
斪 *ɡo
翑 *ɡo
葋 *ɡo
姁 *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨 *qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣 *qʰoʔ
煦 *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫 *qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koːʔ): semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

Etymology[edit]

From some language ancestral to modern Hmong-Mien languages, from Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”), perhaps from Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ě - vernacular;
  • gě - literary.
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • káu - vernacular;
    • kó͘/kió - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 狗
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 侯 (137)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古厚切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kəuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kəuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kəuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kəwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kəuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kə̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gǒu
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 狗
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gǒu
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kuwX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.kˁroʔ/
    English dog

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 狗
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7068
    Phonetic
    component         		句
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		苟
    Old
    Chinese         		/*koːʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    狗

    狗

    1. dog (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m)
      餵狗 / 喂狗  ―  wèi gǒu  ―  to feed a dog
      累成狗  ―  lèi chéng gǒu  ―  extremely tired [lit. tired to the point of becoming a dog]
    2. (offensive) despicable; nasty
      狗男女  ―  gǒu nánnǚ  ―  couple in an illicit love affair
    3. to flatter
    4. A surname​.

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 犬
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 犬
    Taxonomic name 犬
    Mandarin Beijing 狗
    Taiwan 狗
    Tianjin 狗
    Harbin 狗
    Jinan 狗
    Muping 狗子, 狗
    Luoyang 狗
    Jiedian 狗
    Xi'an 狗
    Xining 狗
    Xuzhou 狗
    Yinchuan 狗
    Lanzhou 狗
    Ürümqi 狗
    Wuhan 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
    Chengdu 狗
    Guiyang 狗
    Guilin 狗
    Liuzhou 狗
    Yangzhou 狗, 狗子
    Nanjing 狗
    Hefei 狗
    Nantong 狗子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 狗
    Hong Kong 狗
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 狗
    Foshan 狗
    Shunde 狗
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狗
    Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 狗
    Taishan 狗
    Kaiping (Chikan) 狗
    Dongguan 狗
    Shaoguan 狗
    Yunfu 狗
    Yangjiang 狗
    Xinyi 狗
    Lianjiang 狗
    Nanning 狗
    Wuzhou 狗
    Yulin 狗
    Hepu 狗
    Kuala Lumpur 狗
    Gan Nanchang 狗
    Lichuan 狗
    Pingxiang 狗
    Hakka Meixian 狗
    Luchuan 狗
    Changting 狗
    Yudu 狗子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狗仔
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 狗仔
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 狗, 狗仔
    Dongshi (Dabu) 狗
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 狗
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 狗
    Hong Kong 狗
    Sabah 狗
    Senai 狗
    Singkawang 狗
    Huizhou Jixi 狗
    Jin Taiyuan 狗兒, 狗
    Xinzhou 狗
    Min Bei Jian'ou 狗仔, 狗
    Min Dong Fuzhou 犬, 犬囝
    Changle 犬
    Fuqing 犬
    Pingtan 犬
    Yongtai 犬
    Gutian 犬
    Fu'an 犬
    Ningde 犬
    Shouning 犬
    Zhouning 犬
    Fuding 犬
    Matsu 犬
    Min Nan Xiamen 狗
    Quanzhou 狗
    Zhangzhou 狗
    Taipei 狗
    Kaohsiung 狗
    Tainan 狗仔
    Taichung 狗
    Wuqi 狗
    Hsinchu 狗
    Taitung 狗
    Lukang 狗
    Yilan 狗
    Magong 狗
    Penang 狗
    Singapore 狗
    Philippines (Manila) 狗
    Pingnan 狗
    Chaozhou 狗
    Shantou 狗
    Haifeng 狗
    Johor Bahru 狗
    Haikou 狗
    Leizhou 狗
    Puxian Min Putian 狗
    Pinghua Nanning 狗
    Guilin 狗
    Wu Shanghai 狗, 汪汪狗 childish
    Suzhou 狗
    Hangzhou 狗
    Wenzhou 狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
    Chongming 狗
    Danyang 狗子
    Jinhua 狗
    Xiang Changsha 狗
    Shuangfeng 狗
    Loudi 狗
    Quanzhou 狗

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 狗

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (狗):

    References[edit]

    • “Entry #4345”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
    • Peyraube, Alain. "Ancient Chinese." The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Ed. Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge UP, 2004. 1012.

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    狗

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. puppy, dog
    2. a sentinel
    3. a snoop or spy
    4. useless, wasteful

    Readings[edit]

    • Go-on: く (ku)
    • Kan-on: こう (kō)
    • Kun: いぬ (inu, 狗)

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • New Nelson: 3565
    • Halpern: 345
    • Halpern Learners: not listed
    • Heisig: 2341
    • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 3g5.5
    1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.


    Kanji in this term
    狗
    いぬ
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    狗 (counter 匹, hiragana いぬ, katakana イヌ, rōmaji inu)

    1. Alternative spelling of 犬

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    狗 • (gu) (hangeul 구)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    狗: Hán Việt readings: cẩu (舉(cử)后(hậu)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
    狗: Nôm readings: cẩu[1][3][5]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    2. ^ Trần (2004).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
    4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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