狗

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See also: 豿
狗 U+72D7, 狗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D7
← 狖
[U+72D6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狘 →
[U+72D8]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

狗 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大竹心口 (KHPR), four-corner 47220, composition ⿰犭句)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 709, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20345
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1341, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+72D7

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 狗
alternative forms 豿 “cub”
㺃

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 狗
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勾 *koː, *koːs
鉤 *koː
鴝 *koː, *ɡo
句 *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠 *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸 *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥 *koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗 *koːʔ
苟 *koːʔ
岣 *koːʔ, *ko
笱 *koːʔ
玽 *koːʔ
耇 *koːʔ
豿 *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂 *koːʔ
怐 *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊 *koːs
竘 *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁 *qʰoː
呴 *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼 *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞 *qʰoːs
訽 *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝 *qʰoːs
拘 *ko
駒 *ko
眗 *ko
跔 *ko
鮈 *ko
痀 *ko
蒟 *koʔ, *kos
絇 *kos, *ɡo
邭 *kos
劬 *ɡo
朐 *ɡo
鼩 *ɡo
斪 *ɡo
翑 *ɡo
葋 *ɡo
姁 *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨 *qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣 *qʰoʔ
煦 *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫 *qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːʔ): semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

Etymology[edit]

From some language ancestral to modern Hmong-Mien languages, from Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”), perhaps from Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”) (Norman, 1988; Benedict, 1996).

Alternatively, STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”), whence also 犬 (OC *kʰʷeːnʔ).

Less likely, it may be related to 駒 (OC *ko, “foal”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ě - vernacular;
  • gě - literary.
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • káu - vernacular;
    • kó͘/kió - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 狗
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 侯 (137)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古厚切
    Baxter kuwX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kəuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kəuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kəuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kəwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kəuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kə̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gǒu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gau2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 狗
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gǒu
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kuwX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.kˁroʔ/
    English dog

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 狗
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7068
    Phonetic
    component         		句
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		苟
    Old
    Chinese         		/*koːʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    狗

    狗

    1. dog (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 條／条 m)
      餵狗／喂狗  ―  wèi gǒu  ―  to feed a dog
      累成狗  ―  lèi chéng gǒu  ―  extremely tired [cf. dog-tired]
    2. (derogatory) something or someone unpleasant
      1. Used as an attributive.
        狗男女  ―  gǒu nánnǚ  ―  couple in an illicit love affair
        狗官  ―  gǒuguān  ―  government official
        看老娘錘爆你的狗頭！ [MSC, trad.]
        看老娘锤爆你的狗头！ [MSC, simp.]
        Kàn lǎoniáng chuí bào nǐ de gǒu tóu! [Pinyin]
        See how I hammer you in your goddamn head!
      2. (self-deprecatory) a miserable person (used in compounds)
        單身狗／单身狗  ―  dānshēngǒu  ―  singleton
        IT狗  ―  IT gǒu  ―  a person working in the IT industry
      3. (Hong Kong, neologism, derogatory) police; pig; po-po
    3. (chiefly Beijing) to flatter
    4. (Cantonese) cunning
    5. (obsolete) cub; young bear or tiger
    6. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (dog):
    Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 犬
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狗
    Taxonomic name 犬
    Mandarin Beijing 狗
    Taiwan 狗
    Tianjin 狗
    Harbin 狗
    Yantai (Muping) 狗子, 狗
    Jinan 狗
    Luoyang 狗
    Wanrong 狗
    Xi'an 狗
    Dingbian 狗
    Yinchuan 狗
    Lanzhou 狗
    Xining 狗
    Ürümqi 狗
    Yanqi 狗
    Wuhan 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
    Chengdu 狗
    Chongqing 狗, 狗兒
    Guiyang 狗
    Guilin 狗
    Liuzhou 狗, 三六
    Xuzhou 狗
    Yangzhou 狗, 狗子
    Nanjing 狗
    Hefei 狗
    Nantong 狗子
    Malaysia 狗
    Singapore 狗
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 狗
    Cantonese Guangzhou 狗
    Hong Kong 狗, 㕵㕵 childish, 㕵㕵狗 childish
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 狗
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 狗
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 狗
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 狗
    Macau 狗
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 狗
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 狗
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 狗
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 狗
    Foshan 狗
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 狗
    Foshan (Shunde) 狗
    Foshan (Sanshui) 狗
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 狗
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狗
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 狗
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 狗
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 狗
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 狗
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 狗
    Taishan 狗
    Kaiping (Chikan) 狗
    Enping (Niujiang) 狗
    Heshan (Yayao) 狗
    Dongguan 狗
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 狗
    Shaoguan 狗
    Yunfu 狗
    Yangjiang 狗
    Xinyi 狗
    Lianjiang 狗
    Nanning 狗
    Wuzhou 狗
    Yulin 狗
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 狗
    Beihai 狗
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 狗
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 狗
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 狗
    Penang (Guangfu) 狗
    Singapore (Guangfu) 狗
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 狗
    Móng Cái 狗
    Gan Nanchang 狗
    Lichuan 狗
    Pingxiang 狗
    Hakka Meixian 狗, 無角羊
    Dabu (Gaobei) 狗
    Fengshun (Tangkeng) 狗
    Fengshun (Fengliang) 狗
    Fengshun (Pantian) 狗
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 狗
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 狗
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 狗
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 狗
    Conghua (Lütian) 狗
    Changting 狗
    Yudu 狗子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狗仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 狗仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 狗, 狗仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 狗
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 狗
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 狗
    Hong Kong 狗
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 狗
    Sabah (Longchuan) 狗
    Senai (Huiyang) 狗
    Kuching (Hepo) 狗
    Singkawang 狗
    Huizhou Jixi 狗
    Jin Taiyuan 狗兒, 狗
    Xinzhou 狗
    Min Bei Jian'ou 狗仔, 狗
    Min Dong Fuzhou 犬, 犬囝
    Changle 犬
    Fuqing 犬
    Yongtai 犬
    Gutian 犬
    Fu'an 犬
    Ningde 犬
    Shouning 犬
    Zhouning 犬
    Fuding 犬
    Matsu 犬
    Min Nan Xiamen 狗
    Quanzhou 狗
    Zhangzhou 狗
    Zhao'an 狗
    Kaohsiung 狗
    Yilan 狗
    Changhua (Lukang) 狗
    Taichung 狗
    Taichung (Wuqi) 狗
    Tainan 狗仔
    Taitung 狗
    Hsinchu 狗
    Penghu (Magong) 狗
    Penang (Hokkien) 狗
    Singapore (Hokkien) 狗
    Manila (Hokkien) 狗
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 狗
    Chaozhou 狗
    Shantou 狗
    Haifeng 狗
    Bangkok (Teochew) 狗
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 狗
    Singapore (Teochew) 狗
    Leizhou 狗
    Wenchang 狗
    Haikou 狗
    Singapore (Hainanese) 狗
    Puxian Min Putian 狗
    Xianyou 狗
    Min Zhong Yanping (Wangtai) 狗
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 狗
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狗, 地羊 dated, euphemistic, 三六 argot, 四打五 argot
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 狗
    Shehua Fu'an 狗
    Fuding 狗
    Luoyuan 狗
    Sanming 狗
    Shunchang 狗
    Hua'an 狗
    Guixi (Zhangping) 狗
    Cangnan 狗
    Jingning 狗
    Lishui 狗
    Longyou 狗
    Chaozhou 狗
    Fengshun 狗
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 犬
    Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 犬
    Luxi (Baisha) 犬
    Luxi (Liangjiatan) 犬
    Luxi (Lijiatian) 犬
    Chengbu (Xuntou) 犬
    Wu Shanghai 狗, 汪汪狗 childish
    Shanghai (Chongming) 狗
    Suzhou 狗
    Danyang 狗子
    Hangzhou 狗
    Ningbo 黃狗
    Wenzhou 狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
    Jinhua 狗
    Xiang Changsha 狗
    Xiangxiang 狗
    Loudi 狗
    Shuangfeng 狗
    Quanzhou 狗
    • (Hong Kong: police): 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (狗):
    • → Vietnamese: cẩu (狗)

    Others:

    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    • Peyraube, Alain. "Ancient Chinese." The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Ed. Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge UP, 2004. 1012.

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    狗

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. puppy, dog
    2. a sentinel
    3. a snoop or spy
    4. useless, wasteful

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    狗
    いぬ
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 狗 – see the following entry.
    【犬いぬ】1
    [noun] dog, canine
    [noun] servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)
    [noun] spy
    Alternative spelling
    イヌ
    (This term, 狗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    狗
    えぬ
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[1]

    Ultimate derivation uncertain. Theories include a fusion of わ (*wa-, diminutive prefix?) + 犬 (inu, “dog”), an ancient nativized borrowing from Old Chinese 犬 (OC *kʰʷeːnʔ, “dog”), in turn, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n, or an unraised vowel extension of Proto-Japonic *enu (“dog”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    狗(えぬ) • (enu) ←ゑぬ (wenu)?

    1. (obsolete) a puppy or dog
    Usage notes[edit]

    Obsolete. Not listed in most dictionaries.

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “狗”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    狗 (eumhun 개 구 (gae gu))

    1. Hanja form? of 구 (“dog”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    狗: Hán Việt readings: cẩu (舉(cử)后(hậu)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
    狗: Nôm readings: cẩu[1][3][5]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    2. ^ Trần (2004).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
    4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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