成

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See also: 戉
成 U+6210, 成
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6210
← 戏
[U+620F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 我 →
[U+6211]

成 U+2F8B2, 成
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B2
← 懶
[U+2F8B1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 戛 →
[U+2F8B3]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

成 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹尸 (IHS), four-corner 53200, composition ⿵戊𠃌)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 411, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11542
  • Dae Jaweon: page 752, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1399, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6210

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 成
alternative forms 𢦩

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 成
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (成) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
成 *djeŋ
城 *djeŋ
誠 *djeŋ
宬 *djeŋ
郕 *djeŋ
筬 *djeŋ
盛 *djeŋ, *djeŋs
珹 *djeŋ
晟 *djeŋs
墭 *djeŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djeŋ): semantic 戊 + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with 盛 (OC *djeŋ, “to hold with a receptacle”), 城 (OC *djeŋ, “city wall; city”), 盛 (OC *djeŋs, “abundant; flourishing”) (Schuessler, 2007).

According to Bodman (1980), cognate with Tibetan གྱང (gyang, “wall”), Tibetan འགེངས་པ ('gengs pa, “to fill”), Tibetan བཀང (bkang, “to fill to the brim”), Tibetan སྐོང་བ (skong ba, “to fulfill”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: chéngr - "one tenth".
Note:
  • sing4 - literary;
  • seng4 - vernacular;
  • cing4 - rare (e.g. 成數).
Note:
  • sen3 - literary;
  • siang3 - vernacular.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
    • Note:
    • sṳ̀n/sen2 - literary;
    • sàng/sang2 - vernacular.
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • chiàng - vernacular ("to help complete");
    • siàng - vernacular ("approximate number, post-verbal complement");
    • sìng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chhiâⁿ - vernacular in 成格 ;
    • chiâⁿ - vernacular ("almost", "to become");
    • siâⁿ - vernacular ("one tenth");
    • sêng - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: cian5 / zian5 / sian5 / sêng5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiâⁿ / tsiâⁿ / siâⁿ / sêng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰĩã⁵⁵/, /t͡sĩã⁵⁵/, /sĩã⁵⁵/, /seŋ⁵⁵/
    Note:
    • cian5, zian5, sian5 - vernacular;
    • sêng5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 成
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/
    /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sʰən³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰen²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
    Suzhou /zən¹³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zen²¹³/
    Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂən¹³/
    Xiangtan /ɖ͡ʐən¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /sɑŋ⁴⁵/ 現～
    /t͡sʰɑŋ²⁴/ 七八～
    Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/ ～功
    /saŋ¹¹/ 唔～
    Taoyuan /ʃen¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ²¹/
    /sɛŋ²¹/
    Nanning /seŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /siŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siŋ³⁵/
    /t͡siã³⁵/ ～人
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siaŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
    /iaŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /seŋ⁵⁵/
    /siã⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /seŋ³¹/
    /t͡sia³¹/
    Rime
    Character 成
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 清 (121)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 是征切
    Baxter dzyeng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑiɛŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑiæŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑiajŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiɛŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭɛŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯ɛŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chéng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sing4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 成 成
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chéng chéng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyeng › ‹ dzyeng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[d]eŋ/ /*m-[d]eŋ/
    English to become (v.i.) to complete (tr. v)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 成
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1417
    Phonetic
    component         		成
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		成
    Old
    Chinese         		/*djeŋ/
    Notes 說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎，
    或表戈已製成

    Definitions[edit]

    成

    1. to succeed; to finish; to complete; to accomplish
      大功告成  ―  dàgōnggàochéng  ―  (of a project, work, etc.) to be completed
      沒有錢什麼事情都辦不成。 [MSC, trad.]
      没有钱什么事情都办不成。 [MSC, simp.]
      Méiyǒu qián shénme shìqíng dōu bàn bù chéng. [Pinyin]
      Without money nothing can be done.
      這種人成不了大事的。 [MSC, trad.]
      这种人成不了大事的。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè zhǒng rén chéng bùliǎo dàshì de. [Pinyin]
      These people are not able to accomplish anything significant.
    2. to help to achieve
      成全  ―  chéngquán  ―  to help (somebody) succeed
    3. to become; to turn into
      衰變成鉛206／衰变成铅206  ―  shuāibiàn chéng qiān 206  ―  decay into 206Pb
      兩人成了朋友。／两人成了朋友。  ―  Liǎng rén chéng le péngyǒu.  ―  The two became friends.
      我們要把學生培養成有理想、有道德、有文化的人。 [MSC, trad.]
      我们要把学生培养成有理想、有道德、有文化的人。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒmen yào bǎ xuéshēng péiyǎng chéng yǒu lǐxiǎng, yǒu dàodé, yǒu wénhuà de rén. [Pinyin]
      We have to nurture students into people with ideals, morals and education.
      你搵工搵成點呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      你揾工揾成点呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      nei5 wan2 gung1 wan2 seng4 dim2 aa3? [Jyutping]
      How's the job hunting going?
      琴日個蛋糕整成點呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      琴日个蛋糕整成点呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      kam4 jat6 go3 daan6 gou1 zing2 seng4 dim2 aa3? [Jyutping]
      How did the cake from yesterday go?
    4. achievement; positive result
      守成  ―  shǒuchéng  ―  to maintain the achievements of one's predecessors
      坐享其成  ―  zuòxiǎngqíchéng  ―  to sit idle and enjoy the fruits of others' work
    5. (in compounds) fully developed; fully grown
      成人  ―  chéngrén  ―  adult
      成蟲／成虫  ―  chéngchóng  ―  imago
    6. fixed; ready-made
      成語／成语  ―  chéngyǔ  ―  chengyu (a certain kind of Chinese set phrase)
      成見／成见  ―  chéngjiàn  ―  preconceived idea; preconception
      成衣  ―  chéngyī  ―  ready-made clothes
    7. to reach a certain level; to amount to
      成批購買／成批购买  ―  chéngpī gòumǎi  ―  to buy in batches
      成千上萬／成千上万  ―  chéngqiānshàngwàn  ―  by the thousands and tens of thousands
      成雙成對／成双成对  ―  chéngshuāngchéngduì  ―  forming pairs
    8. to be all right
      你不去可不成。  ―  Nǐ bù qù kě bù chéng.  ―  No, you must go.
    9. capable
    10. one tenth; ten percent
      三成  ―  sān chéng  ―  three tenths (30%)
      五成半 [Cantonese]  ―  ng5 sing4 bun3 [Jyutping]  ―  5.5 tenths (55%)
      八成九  ―  bā chéng jiǔ  ―  8.9 tenths (89%)
    11. 73rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "completion" (𝍎)
    12. (Cantonese) entire
      成塊肉／成块肉 [Cantonese]  ―  seng4 faai3 juk6 [Jyutping]  ―  entire piece of meat
      成隻狗噉／成只狗噉 [Cantonese]  ―  seng4 zek3 gau2 gam2 [Jyutping]  ―  entirely like a dog
      成件事 [Cantonese]  ―  seng4 gin6 si6 [Jyutping]  ―  the entire matter
    13. (Cantonese, Hokkien) almost; nearly; up to
      高咗成四寸 [Cantonese]  ―  gou1 zo2 seng4 sei3 cyun3 [Jyutping]  ―  grew almost four inches
      成一點鐘仲唔返屋企 [Cantonese, trad.]
      成一点钟仲唔返屋企 [Cantonese, simp.]
      From: 開放詞典／开放词典 [Kaifang Cidian]
      seng4 jat1 dim2 zung1 zung6 m4 faan1 uk1 kei2 [Jyutping]
      nearly 1 o'clock, yet they won't return home
    14. (Cantonese) used as a verbal complement to indicate the completion of an action
      去唔成旅行 [Cantonese]  ―  heoi3 m4 seng4 leoi5 hang4 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    15. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 整 (“whole; entire”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 整
    Mandarin Taiwan 整
    Malaysia 整
    Singapore 整
    Cantonese Guangzhou 成
    Hong Kong 成
    Taishan 成
    Singapore (Guangfu) 成
    Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 成
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 規
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 規
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 規
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 規
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 規
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 規
    Min Nan Xiamen 規
    Quanzhou 規
    Zhangzhou 規
    Tainan 規
    Penang (Hokkien) 規
    Singapore (Hokkien) 規
    Jieyang 夠
    Singapore (Teochew) 夠

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (成):
    • → Vietnamese: thành (成)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 成
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2]
    成
    &#x2F8B2;
    or
    成+&#xFE00;?
    成󠄁
    成+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    成󠄃
    成+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    成

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 成)

    1. to become
    2. to do something

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “成”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
    2. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 912 (paper), page 506 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    成 (eumhun 이룰 성 (irul seong))

    1. Hanja form? of 성 (“accomplishment”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    成: Hán Nôm readings: thành, thình

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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