成

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See also: 戉 and 或
成 U+6210, 成
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6210
← 戏
[U+620F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 我 →
[U+6211]

成 U+2F8B2, 成
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B2
← 懶
[U+2F8B1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 戛 →
[U+2F8B3]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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成 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹尸 (IHS), four-corner 53200, composition ⿵戊𠃌 or ⿵戊丁(U+2F8B2))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 411, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11542
  • Dae Jaweon: page 752, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1399, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6210

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 成
alternative forms 𢦩

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 成
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (成) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
成 *djeŋ
城 *djeŋ
誠 *djeŋ
宬 *djeŋ
郕 *djeŋ
筬 *djeŋ
盛 *djeŋ, *djeŋs
珹 *djeŋ
晟 *djeŋs
墭 *djeŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djeŋ) : semantic 戊 + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).

Etymology

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Cognate with 盛 (OC *djeŋ, “to hold with a receptacle”), 城 (OC *djeŋ, “city wall; city”), 盛 (OC *djeŋs, “abundant; flourishing”) (Schuessler, 2007).

According to Bodman (1980), cognate with Tibetan གྱང (gyang, “wall”), Tibetan འགེངས་པ ('gengs pa, “to fill”), Tibetan བཀང (bkang, “to fill to the brim”), Tibetan སྐོང་བ (skong ba, “to fulfill”).

Pronunciation

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Note: chéngr - "one tenth".
Note:
  • sing4 - literary;
  • seng4 - vernacular;
  • cing4 - variant of sing4 “one tenth”.
Note:
  • sen3 - literary;
  • siang3 - vernacular.
Note:
  • sṳ̀n/sen2 - literary;
  • sàng/sang2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • chiàng - vernacular ("to help complete");
  • siàng - vernacular ("approximate number, post-verbal complement");
  • sìng - literary.
Note:
  • chhiâⁿ - vernacular in 成格 ;
  • chiâⁿ - vernacular ("almost", "to become");
  • siâⁿ - vernacular ("one tenth");
  • sêng - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: cian5 / zian5 / sian5 / sêng5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiâⁿ / tsiâⁿ / siâⁿ / sêng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰĩã⁵⁵/, /t͡sĩã⁵⁵/, /sĩã⁵⁵/, /seŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
  • cian5, zian5, sian5 - vernacular;
  • sêng5 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 成
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/
/t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰən³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰen²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /ɖ͡ʐən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɑŋ⁴⁵/ 現～
/t͡sʰɑŋ²⁴/ 七八～
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/ ～功
/saŋ¹¹/ 唔～
Taoyuan /ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ²¹/
/sɛŋ²¹/
Nanning /seŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /siŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siŋ³⁵/
/t͡siã³⁵/ ～人
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siaŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
/iaŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /seŋ⁵⁵/
/siã⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /seŋ³¹/
/t͡sia³¹/
Rime
Character 成
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 是征切
Baxter dzyeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑiæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑiajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiɛŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chéng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sing4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 成 成
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chéng chéng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyeng › ‹ dzyeng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]eŋ/ /*m-[d]eŋ/
English to become (v.i.) to complete (tr. v)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 成
Reading # 1/1
No. 1417
Phonetic
component 		成
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		成
Old
Chinese 		/*djeŋ/
Notes 說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎，
或表戈已製成

Definitions

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成

  1. to succeed; to accomplish; to achieve; to finish; to complete
    1. (verb complement) indicates successful completion or accomplishment of an action
      做成  ―  zuòchéng  ―  to successfully complete
    沒有錢什麼事情都辦不成。 [MSC, trad.]
    没有钱什么事情都办不成。 [MSC, simp.]
    Méiyǒu qián shénme shìqíng dōu bàn bù chéng. [Pinyin]
    Without money nothing can be done.
    這種人成不了大事的。 [MSC, trad.]
    这种人成不了大事的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè zhǒng rén chéng bùliǎo dàshì de. [Pinyin]
    These people are not able to accomplish anything significant.
  2. to help to achieve
    成全  ―  chéngquán  ―  to help (somebody) succeed
  3. to become; to turn into
    1. (verb complement) into; as
      換成／换成  ―  huànchéng  ―  to change into
      翻譯成／翻译成  ―  fānyì chéng  ―  to translate into
      看成  ―  kànchéng  ―  to regard as; to mistake as
      聽成／听成  ―  tīng chéng  ―  to mishear as
      衰變成鉛206／衰变成铅206  ―  shuāibiàn chéng qiān 206  ―  to decay into 206Pb
    兩人成了朋友。／两人成了朋友。  ―  Liǎng rén chéng le péngyǒu.  ―  The two became friends.
    我們要把學生培養成有理想、有道德、有文化的人。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们要把学生培养成有理想、有道德、有文化的人。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen yào bǎ xuéshēng péiyǎng chéng yǒu lǐxiǎng, yǒu dàodé, yǒu wénhuà de rén. [Pinyin]
    We have to nurture students into people with ideals, morals and education.
    你搵工搵成點呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你揾工揾成点呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 wan2 gung1 wan2 seng4 dim2 aa3? [Jyutping]
    How's the job hunting going?
    琴日個蛋糕整成點呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    琴日个蛋糕整成点呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    kam4 jat6 go3 daan6 gou1 zing2 seng4 dim2 aa3? [Jyutping]
    How did the cake from yesterday go?
  4. achievement; successful completion; positive result
    大功告成  ―  dàgōnggàochéng  ―  (of a project, work, etc.) to be completed
    守成  ―  shǒuchéng  ―  to maintain the achievements of one's predecessors
    坐享其成  ―  zuòxiǎngqíchéng  ―  to sit idle and enjoy the fruits of others' work
  5. (in compounds) fully developed; fully grown
    成人  ―  chéngrén  ―  adult
    成蟲／成虫  ―  chéngchóng  ―  imago
  6. fixed; ready-made
    成語／成语  ―  chéngyǔ  ―  chengyu (a certain kind of Chinese set phrase)
    成見／成见  ―  chéngjiàn  ―  preconceived idea; preconception
    成衣  ―  chéngyī  ―  ready-made clothes
  7. to reach a certain level; to amount to
    成批購買／成批购买  ―  chéngpī gòumǎi  ―  to buy in batches
    成千上萬／成千上万  ―  chéngqiānshàngwàn  ―  by the thousands and tens of thousands
    成雙成對／成双成对  ―  chéngshuāngchéngduì  ―  forming pairs
  8. to be all right
    你不去可不成。  ―  Nǐ bù qù kě bù chéng.  ―  No, you must go.
  9. capable
  10. one tenth; ten percent
    三成  ―  sān chéng  ―  three tenths (30%)
    五成半 [Cantonese]  ―  ng5 sing4 bun3 [Jyutping]  ―  5.5 tenths (55%)
    八成九  ―  bā chéng jiǔ  ―  8.9 tenths (89%)
  11. (literary) to make peace
  12. 73rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "completion" (𝍎)
  13. (Cantonese) entire
    成塊肉／成块肉 [Cantonese]  ―  seng4 faai3 juk6 [Jyutping]  ―  entire piece of meat
    成隻狗噉／成只狗噉 [Cantonese]  ―  seng4 zek3 gau2 gam2 [Jyutping]  ―  entirely like a dog
    成件事 [Cantonese]  ―  seng4 gin6 si6 [Jyutping]  ―  the entire matter
  14. (Cantonese, Hokkien) almost; nearly; up to
    高咗成四寸 [Cantonese]  ―  gou1 zo2 seng4 sei3 cyun3 [Jyutping]  ―  grew almost four inches
    成一點鐘仲唔返屋企 [Cantonese, trad.]
    成一点钟仲唔返屋企 [Cantonese, simp.]
    From: 開放詞典／开放词典 [Kaifang Cidian]
    seng4 jat1 dim2 zung1 zung6 m4 faan1 uk1 kei2 [Jyutping]
    nearly 1 o'clock, yet they won't return home
  15. (Cantonese) used as a verbal complement to indicate the completion of an action
    去唔成旅行 [Cantonese]  ―  heoi3 m4 seng4 leoi5 hang4 [Jyutping]  ―  to fail to go travelling
  16. a surname
    成奎安 [Cantonese]  ―  sing4 fui1 on1 [Jyutping]  ―  Shing Fui On (Hong Kong actor)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 整 (“whole; entire”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 整
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 整
Malaysia 整
Singapore 整
Cantonese Guangzhou 成, 冚
Hong Kong 成, 冚
Taishan 成
Singapore (Guangfu) 成, 冚
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 成
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 規
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 規
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 規
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 規
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 規
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 規
Southern Min Xiamen 規
Quanzhou 規
Zhangzhou 規
Tainan 規
Penang (Hokkien) 規
Singapore (Hokkien) 規
Manila (Hokkien) 規
Chaozhou 夠, 咸
Jieyang 夠, 咸
Singapore (Teochew) 夠
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 成

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (成):
  • → Vietnamese: thành (成)

Others:

  • → Zhuang: cingz (“tenth”)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 成
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
成
&#x2F8B2;
or
成+&#xFE00;?
成󠄁
成+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
成󠄃
成+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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成

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 成)

  1. to become
  2. to do something

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ^ “成”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 912 (paper), page 506 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

成 (eumhun 이룰 성 (irul seong))

  1. hanja form? of 성 (“accomplishment”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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成: Hán Nôm readings: thành, thình

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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