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なる

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Alternative spellings
成る
為る

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of なる
Plain なる [náꜜrù]
Conjunctive なって って [náꜜttè]
Perfective なった った [náꜜttà]
Negative ならない ない [nàráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective ならなかった なかった [nàráꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional なれば れば [náꜜrèbà]
Past conditional なったら ったら [náꜜttàrà]
Imperative なれ [náꜜrè]
Volitional なろう [nàróꜜò]
Desiderative なりたい りた [nàrítáꜜì]
Formal なります りま [nàrímáꜜsù]
Formal negative なりません りませ [nàrímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional なりましょう りましょ [nàrímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective なりました りました [nàrímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative なり
なりに

りに
[náꜜrì]
[náꜜrì nì]
Negative continuative ならず
ならずに

ずに
[nàráꜜzù]
[nàráꜜzù nì]
Passive なられる られ [nàráréꜜrù]
Causative ならせる
ならす
らせ
[nàráséꜜrù]
[nàráꜜsù]
Potential なれる [nàréꜜrù]

Etymology 1

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From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *naru. Related to () (naru).

Verb

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なる (naruintransitive godan (stem なり (nari), past なった (natta))

Japanese verb pair
active なす
mediopassive なる
  1. to be achieved; to be completed
    ついに()(れん)()なる
    tsui ni go renpa ga naru
    Finally they are winning their fifth consecutive championship.
    (ねん)(がん)なって(ひと)()()ちする
    nengan natte hitoridachi suru
    He realized his wish to live his own life.
    メンタルがなってない
    mentaru ga nattenai
    not mentally resilient enough
    その(あと)はどうなったんですか?
    Sonoato wa dō natta n desu ka?
    What happened afterwards?
    (literally, “After that, what was achieved?”)
  2. to become; to change into; to turn
    (こおり)(みず)なる
    kōri ga mizu ni naru
    The ice becomes water.
    ()なり(にく)なる
    chi to nari niku to naru
    It becomes blood and flesh.
    (わたし)(きょう)()なります
    Watashi wa kyōshi ni narimasu.
    I will become a teacher.
    コーヒーが(つめ)たくなりました
    Kōhī ga tsumetaku narimashita.
    The coffee got cold.
  3. (impersonal) to reach a time; to get to a timepoint
    (はち)()なった
    hachiji ni natta
    It has reached eight o'clock.
  4. to reach an amount/quantity
    ()()げると(さん)メートルにもなる
    tsumiageru to san mētoru ni mo naru
    It can pile up to 3 metres high.
    (ぜん)()(せん)(えん)なる
    zenbu de sen'en ni naru
    One thousand yen in total.
  5. (chiefly in the negative) to be acceptable; to be tolerable
    Synonym: 行ける
    ()けてなるもの
    makete naru mono ka
    Failure is not an option.
    (かん)(べん)ならない
    kanben naranai
    It is unforgivable.
  6. (in some set phrases) to be made; to be produced; to be created
    (めい)(こう)()になる(ちゃ)(わん)
    meikō no te ni naru chawan
    a teacup manufactured by a famous craftsman
    (くう)(かい)(ふで)になる(しょ)
    Kūkai no fude ni naru sho
    calligraphy by Kūkai
  7. (shogi) to promote
  8. (honorific) In the form of "()/() + verbal noun + なる", an honorific form of the verb.
    Antonym: する
    Synonym: なさる
    (やす) (yasumu, to rest) - (やす)みになる (o-yasumi ni naru, to rest, honorific)
    (ほう)(もん)する (hōmon suru, to visit) - (ほう)(もん)になる (go-hōmon ni naru, to visit, honorific)
Usage notes
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  • This term is often spelled in kana.
  • Sense "to become":
    • When a noun or an adjectival noun (na-adjective) precedes なる it is followed by .
      (くるま)なるkuruma ni narubecome a car
      ()(れい)なるkirei ni narubecome beautiful
    • When an adjective (i-adjective) precedes なる it appears in its - form.
      (やさ)しくなるyasashiku narubecome kind
    • The causative is suppleted by する (suru).
      ()()がきれいになるheya ga kirei ni naruThe room becomes tidy.
      (わたし)()()をきれいにするwatashi ga heya o kirei ni suruI make the room tidy.

Conjugation
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Conjugation of "なる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") なら nara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") なり nari
Shūshikei ("terminal") なる naru
Rentaikei ("attributive") なる naru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") なれ nare
Meireikei ("imperative") なれ nare
Key constructions
Passive なられる narareru
Causative ならせる
ならす
naraseru
narasu
Potential なれる nareru
Volitional なろう narō
Negative ならない naranai
Negative continuative ならず narazu
Formal なります narimasu
Perfective なった natta
Conjunctive なって natte
Hypothetical conditional なれば nareba
Classical conjugation of "なる" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) なら nara
Continuative (連用形) なり nari
Terminal (終止形) なる naru
Attributive (連体形) なる naru
Realis (已然形) なれ nare
Imperative (命令形) なれ nare
Key constructions
Negative ならず narazu
Contrasting conjunction なれど naredo
Causal conjunction なれば nareba
Conditional conjunction ならば naraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) なりき nariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) なりけり narikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) なりつ naritu
Perfect tense (natural event) なりぬ narinu
Perfect-continuative tense なれり
なりたり
nareri
naritari
Volitional ならむ naramu

Etymology 2

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Verb

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なる (naru

  1. adnominal of なり (nari, to be)

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of なる – see the following entries.
鳴る
[verb] to ring, to sound, to roar, to chime, to honk
生る
[verb] to bear fruit
あづみ4
[proper noun] a female given name
(This term, なる (naru), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as なる, see Category:Japanese kanji read as なる.

(The following entries do not have a page created for them yet: 奈留, 那留, 菜留, 那瑠.)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN