都
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Alternative forms[edit]
Note that there are two Unicode z-variants, with code points U+90FD and U+FA26 (the latter is a compatibility variant and contains an extra dot below 耂 in 者).
Han character[edit]
都 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+8 in Chinese, 邑+9 in Japanese, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十日弓中 (JANL), four-corner 47627, composition ⿰者阝)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1274, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39497
- Dae Jaweon: page 1773, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3776, character 7
- Unihan data for U+90FD
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
都 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𨜞 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 都 | |
|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː |
| 諸 | *tjaː, *tja |
| 者 | *tjaːʔ |
| 堵 | *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ |
| 赭 | *tjaːʔ |
| 撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ |
| 扯 | *tʰjaːʔ |
| 闍 | *djaː, *taː |
| 奢 | *hljaː |
| 鍺 | *toːlʔ |
| 都 | *taː |
| 醏 | *taː |
| 覩 | *taːʔ |
| 睹 | *taːʔ |
| 暏 | *taːʔ |
| 賭 | *taːʔ |
| 帾 | *taːʔ |
| 楮 | *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 屠 | *daː, *da |
| 瘏 | *daː |
| 廜 | *daː |
| 鷵 | *daː |
| 緒 | *ljaʔ |
| 豬 | *ta |
| 猪 | *ta |
| 瀦 | *ta |
| 藸 | *ta, *da |
| 櫫 | *ta |
| 褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 著 | *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ |
| 箸 | *tas, *das |
| 儲 | *da |
| 躇 | *da |
| 櫧 | *tja |
| 藷 | *tja, *djas |
| 蠩 | *tja |
| 煮 | *tjaʔ |
| 渚 | *tjaʔ |
| 煑 | *tjaʔ |
| 陼 | *tjaʔ |
| 翥 | *tjas |
| 署 | *djas |
| 薯 | *djas |
| 曙 | *djas |
| 書 | *hlja |
| 暑 | *hjaʔ |
| 鐯 | *taɡ |
| 擆 | *taɡ |
| 櫡 | *taɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taː): phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ) + semantic 邑 (“town, city”).
Etymology 1[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
都
- metropolis; large city
- 都市 ― dūshì ― metropolis; major city
- capital; capital city
- 都城 ― dūchéng ― capital
- (literary) to make a place the capital city; to establish a capital
- 帝王所都為中，故曰中國。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Liu Xi (劉熈), quoted in 5th century, 《史記集解》Records of the Grand Historian - Collected Explanations by Pei Yin (裴駰)
- Dìwáng suǒdōu wèi zhōng, gù yuē zhōngguó. [Pinyin]
- Where emperors and kings make to be the capital is taken as the centre, hence the appellation the central region.
帝王所都为中，故曰中国。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete) graceful; elegant
- a surname. Du
Synonyms[edit]
- (metropolis):
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 都
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Colloquial form of 諸 (OC *tja, “all”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
都
- all; both (used to indicate that the statement is true for every subject or object); or the entirety of something
- (emphasis on subject) even
- (emphasis on object) even, interchangeable with 也 (yě)
- already
- (Cantonese) as well; also; too
- 我都好好。 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― ngo5 dou1 hou2 hou2. [Jyutping] ― I'm fine too.
Usage notes[edit]
- When negating 都, the placement of 不 (bù) is important.
- 不都: not all, not everyone.
- 都不: none, no one
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 都 (“all; both”) [map]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 都
Etymology 3[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 都 – see 嘟 (“to pout; to pucker up; etc.”). (This character, 都, is the second-round simplified form of 嘟.) |
Notes:
|
Japanese[edit]
| Shinjitai | 都 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
都 都or 都+ ︀?
|
|
| 都󠄀 都+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 都󠄃 都+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji[edit]
都
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 都)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: つ (tsu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
- Kun: みやこ (miyako, 都, Jōyō); いち (ichi, 都); あつまる (atsumaru, 都まる); あつめる (atsumeru, 都める)←あつむ (atumu, 都む, historical); すべて (subete, 都て); すべる (suberu, 都べる)
- Nanori: いち (ichi); くに (kuni); さと (sato); ひろ (hiro); みやこ (miyako)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 都 |
| みやこ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 都 (kyūjitai) 京 京都 |
⟨mi1yako1⟩ → */mʲijakʷo/ → /mijako/
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (archaic) the place of residence of the emperor
- (by extension) a capital city
- (by extension) a capital (most important city in the field specified)
- (shogi, colloquial) Short for 都詰め (miyakozume): moving the 王将 (ōshō)/玉将 (gyokushō, “king”) to the center of the board with other pieces close together
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 都びる (miyakobiru)
- 都遊び (miyakoasobi)
- 都出で (miyakoide)
- 都入り (miyakoiri)
- 都移し (miyakōtsushi), 都遷し (miyakōtsushi)
- 都移り (miyakōtsuri), 都遷り (miyakōtsuri)
- 都瓜 (miyakōri)
- 都落ち (miyakōchi)
- 都顔 (miyakogao)
- 都形 (miyako-gata)
- 都見物 (miyako kenbutsu)
- 都女郎 (miyako jorō)
- 都上臈 (miyako jōrō)
- 都育ち (miyakosodachi)
- 都染め (miyakozome)
- 都詰め (miyakozume)
- 都道者 (miyako dōsha)
- 都鳥 (miyakodori)
- 都上り (miyakonobori)
- 都柱 (miyakobashira)
- 都人 (miyakobito)
- 海の都 (umi no miyako)
- 梅の都 (ume no miyako)
- 桂の都 (katsura no miyako)
- 国つ都 (kuni tsu miyako)
- 雲の都 (kumo no miyako)
- 志賀の都 (Shiga no miyako)
- 寂光の都 (jakkō no miyako)
- 多気の都 (Take no miyako)
- 龍の都 (tatsu no miyako)
- 玉の都 (tama no miyako)
- 月の都 (tsuki no miyako)
- 奈良の都 (Nara no miyako)
- 花の都 (hana no miyako)
- 鄙の都 (hina no miyako)
Proverbs[edit]
- 住めば都 (sumeba miyako)
Descendants[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- a placename
- a surname
- a female given name
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 都 |
| と Grade: 3 |
| kan’on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 都 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 都 (MC tuo).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a capital city
- a city, metropolis
- Short for 東京都 (Tōkyō-to): the capital prefecture of Tokyo
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Affix[edit]
Counter[edit]
- counter for metropolis prefectures
Usage notes[edit]
Since 東京都 (Tōkyō-to) is the only prefecture with 都 (-to), the counter only appears as 一都 (itto). It combines with the other prefecture counters 県 (-ken), 道 (-dō) and 府 (-fu) to count prefectures of mixed types.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 都 |
| つ Grade: 3 |
| goon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 都 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 都 (MC tuo).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- Hanja form? of 도 (“capital city”).
- Hanja form? of 도 (“all, the whole”).
- Hanja form? of 도 (“elegant, refined”).
Compounds[edit]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
都
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 都)
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Old Japanese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Originally a compound of 宮 (mi1ya, “palace”) and an uncertain こ (ko1) referring to a place.
- The ko is possibly 処 (ko2, affix indicating location), according to most dictionaries. However, poems in the Man'yōshū attest overwhelming phonetic usage of ⟨ko1⟩ instead of ⟨ko2⟩.
- The ko is likely 子 (-ko1, diminuative suffix), as some Man'yōshū poems use the 宮子 reading.
Noun[edit]
都 (mi1yako1)
- the place of residence of the emperor, especially a temporary lodging in which the emperor stays during an imperial visit
- (by extension) a capital city
Derived terms[edit]
- 奈良の都 (Nara no2 mi1yako1)
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 都 (miyako)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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