純

See also: 纯

純 U+7D14, 純 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D14 ← 紓 [U+7D13] CJK Unified Ideographs 紕 → [U+7D15]

Translingual

Han character

純 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 女火心山 (VFPU), four-corner 2591₇, composition ⿰糹屯)

Derived characters

• 𭱴, 蒓, 𢲝

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 917, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27277
• Dae Jaweon: page 1346, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3371, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7D14

Chinese

trad.		純
simp.		纯
alternative forms		𠄤 㝄 肫

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 純
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (屯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
躉	*tuːnʔ
窀	*rduːn, *duːn, *tun
沌	*donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ
盹	*tuːnʔ, *tjuns
頓	*tuːns
扽	*tuːns
黗	*tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ
吨	*tʰuːnʔ
屯	*duːn, *tun
飩	*duːn
豘	*duːn
軘	*duːn
坉	*duːn
邨	*duːn, *stʰuːn
忳	*duːn
芚	*duːn
庉	*duːn, *duːnʔ
囤	*duːnʔ
迍	*tun
杶	*tʰun
瑃	*tʰun
椿	*tʰun
偆	*tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ
肫	*tjun
訰	*tjun, *tjuns
純	*tjunʔ, *djun
春	*tʰjun
蠢	*tʰjunʔ
踳	*tʰjunʔ
惷	*tʰjunʔ
蒓	*djun
賰	*hljunʔ
鬊	*hljuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjunʔ, *djun): semantic 糸 (“thread”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun). It conveys the meaning of "without any impurities," and also "exclusively."

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chún (chun²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sun²

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): pfěn

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): shún

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seon⁴

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): san⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sun³

• Gan (Wiktionary): sun⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sùn

  (Hailu, HRS): shun

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sun²

• Jin (Wiktionary): cung¹
• Northern Min (KCR): sě̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): sùng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): song² / suong²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sûn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sung⁵

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): sung⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zen / ²zen / ²zuen / ²dzen / ²zeen / ²zyun / ²zon
  • (Jinhua): ²zhiun
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xyn²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chún
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chún
    • Wade–Giles: chʻun²
    • Yale: chwún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwen
    • Palladius: чунь (čunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: sun²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sun
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suən²¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: pfěn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /p͡fʰẽ²¹/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: shún
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): shun²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂuə̃²⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seon⁴
    • Yale: sèuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soen⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sên⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵn²¹/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: san⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sun²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: sun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sun³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: sun^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sun²
    • Sinological IPA: /sun¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shun
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃun⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sun²
    • Sinological IPA: /sun¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: cung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sě̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœyŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: song²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: suong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬuoŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûn
    • Tâi-lô: sûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suun
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sun²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sun²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sun¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sun²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sung⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: sung⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /suŋ²²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing)
    • Wugniu: ²zen
    • MiniDict: zen^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /zəŋ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /zəŋ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szən²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zən²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /zən³¹/
  • (Northern: Changzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²zuen
    • MiniDict: zuen^平
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /zuəŋ¹³/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²dzen
    • MiniDict: dzen^平
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡zen²³/
  • (Northern: Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ²zeen
    • MiniDict: zen^平
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zẽ²³¹/
  • (Northern: Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ²zyun
    • MiniDict: zoen^平
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zz̩ʷøŋ³¹³/
  • (Northern: Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²zon
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /zoŋ²²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ²zhiun
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ʑyəŋ³¹³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xyn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 純
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuən³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰuən²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰuən⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuẽ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴²/
	Xi'an	/p͡fʰẽ²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁵³/ /ʂuŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fʰə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕyn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/suən³¹/
	Guiyang	/suen²¹/
	Kunming	/ʂuə̃¹/
	Nanjing	/ʂun²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʂuən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuŋ¹³/ /suŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zoŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ɕyan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕyn¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɕyn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/sun⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sun¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/sun¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/søn²¹/
	Nanning	/syn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/søn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sun³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/suŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sœyŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/suŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tun³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzywin

Rime
Character	純
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	常倫切
Baxter	dzywin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑwin/
Li Rong	/ʑiuĕn/
Wang Li	/ʑĭuĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seon4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]u[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	純	純
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chún	chún
Middle Chinese	‹ dzywin ›	‹ dzywin ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]u[n]/	/*[d]u[n]/
English	pure, unmixed	silken
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	純
Reading #	2/2
No.	12578
Phonetic component	屯
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	純
Old Chinese	/*djun/

Definitions

純

1. (literary) silk

   • 麻冕，禮也；今也純，儉。吾從眾。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     麻冕，礼也；今也纯，俭。吾从众。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Má miǎn, lǐ yě; jīn yě chún, jiǎn. Wú cóng zhòng. [Pinyin]

     The linen cap is that prescribed by the rules of ceremony, but now a silk one is worn. It is economical, and I follow the common practice.

2. pure; unmixed
3. genuine; honest; simple
4. entirely; completely; all
5. skillful; proficient

Synonyms

• (entirely):

edit

• 全然 (quánrán)
• 完全 (wánquán)
• 簡直 / 简直 (jiǎnzhí) (chiefly in exaggerations)
• 純然 / 纯然 (chúnrán)
• 純粹 / 纯粹 (chúncuì)
• 貼准 (⁷tiq-tsen) (Wu)
• 逕直 / 迳直 (jìngzhí) (literary)

• (skillful):

edit

• 嫻 / 娴 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
• 嫻熟 / 娴熟 (xiánshú) (formal)
• 熟 (shú)
• 熟嫻 / 熟娴 (shúxián) (literary)
• 熟手 (Hokkien, mainland China)
• 熟練 / 熟练 (shúliàn)
• 純熟 / 纯熟 (chúnshú)

Compounds

• 單純 / 单纯 (dānchún)
• 單純林 / 单纯林
• 單純詞 / 单纯词 (dānchúncí)
• 清純 / 清纯 (qīngchún)
• 渾純 / 浑纯
• 爐火純青 / 炉火纯青 (lúhuǒchúnqīng)
• 真純 / 真纯
• 精純 / 精纯
• 純一 / 纯一 (chúnyī)
• 純仁 / 纯仁
• 純利 / 纯利 (chúnlì)
• 純化 / 纯化 (chúnhuà)
• 純厚 / 纯厚 (chúnhòu)
• 純吏 / 纯吏
• 純品 / 纯品
• 純嘏 / 纯嘏
• 純如 / 纯如
• 純孝 / 纯孝
• 純小數 / 纯小数
• 純度 / 纯度 (chúndù)
• 純情 / 纯情 (chúnqíng)
• 純愛 / 纯爱 (chún'ài)
• 純所得 / 纯所得
• 純損 / 纯损
• 純文學 / 纯文学 (chúnwénxué)
• 純棉 / 纯棉 (chúnmián)
• 純樸 / 纯朴 (chúnpǔ)
• 純正 / 纯正 (chúnzhèng)
• 純水 / 纯水 (chúnshuǐ)
• 純水機 / 纯水机
• 純淨 / 纯净 (chúnjìng)
• 純淨新聞 / 纯净新闻
• 純潔 / 纯洁 (chúnjié)
• 純然 / 纯然 (chúnrán)
• 純熟 / 纯熟 (chúnshú)
• 純物質 / 纯物质
• 純白 / 纯白 (chúnbái)
• 純益 / 纯益
• 純真 / 纯真 (chúnzhēn)
• 純種 / 纯种 (chúnzhǒng)
• 純篤 / 纯笃 (chúndǔ)
• 純粹 / 纯粹 (chúncuì)
• 純粹主義 / 纯粹主义 (chúncuì zhǔyì)
• 純粹理性 / 纯粹理性
• 純粹科學 / 纯粹科学 (chúncuì kēxué)
• 純純 / 纯纯
• 純臣 / 纯臣
• 純良 / 纯良 (chúnliáng)
• 純色 / 纯色 (chúnsè)
• 純質 / 纯质
• 純金 / 纯金 (chúnjīn)
• 純銀 / 纯银 (chúnyín)
• 純陰 / 纯阴
• 純陽 / 纯阳
• 純陽祖師 / 纯阳祖师
• 純音 / 纯音
• 純香 / 纯香
• 純鹼 / 纯碱 (chúnjiǎn)
• 純麗 / 纯丽

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǔn (zhun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔn
    • Wade–Giles: chun³
    • Yale: jwǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joen
    • Palladius: чжунь (čžunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zeon²
    • Yale: jéun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zên²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵn³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsywinX

Rime
Character	純
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之尹切
Baxter	tsywinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiuɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʷinX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjuenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cwinX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiuĕnX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuĕnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǔn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zeon2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjunʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	純
Reading #	1/2
No.	12570
Phonetic component	屯
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	準
Old Chinese	/*tjunʔ/

Definitions

純

1. (Classical) border of a piece of clothing

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tún (tun²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tyun⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tún
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tún
    • Wade–Giles: tʻun²
    • Yale: twún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twen
    • Palladius: тунь (tunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tyun⁴
    • Yale: tyùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tün⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰyːn²¹/

Definitions

純

1. (Classical) Classifier for a section of cloth.

Japanese

Kanji

純

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)、しゅん (shun)、どん (don)
• Kan-on: しゅん (shun)、とん (ton)
• Kun: きいと (kiito, 純)、もっぱら (moppara, 純)
• Nanori: あつ (atsu)、あつし (atsushi)、あや (aya)、いたる (itaru)、いと (ito)、きよし (kiyoshi)、すなお (sunao)、すみ (sumi)、つな (tsuna)、とう (tō)、まこと (makoto)、よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 純(じゅん)益(えき) (jun'eki, “net profit”, literally “pure gain”)
• 純(じゅん)金(きん) (junkin)
• 純(じゅん)潔(けつ) (junketsu)
• 純(じゅん)真(しん) (junshin)
• 純(じゅん)情(じょう) (junjō)
• 純(じゅん)粋(すい) (junsui)
• 純(じゅん)正(せい) (junsei)
• 純(じゅん)度(ど) (jundo)
• 純(じゅん)白(ぱく) (junpaku, literally “pure white”)
• 純(じゅん)米(まい)酒(しゅ) (junmaishu, “sake made without added alcohol or sugar”)
• 至(し)純(じゅん) (shijun, “absolute purity”)
• 清(せい)純(じゅん) (seijun)
• 単(たん)純(じゅん) (tanjun)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
純
じゅん Grade: 6
goon

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じゅん [júꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨ̃ɴ]

Adjective

純(じゅん) • (jun) -na (adnominal 純(じゅん)な (jun na), adverbial 純(じゅん)に (jun ni))

1. innocent

Inflection

Inflection of 純

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	純だろ	じゅんだろ	jun daro
Continuative (連用形)	純で	じゅんで	jun de
Terminal (終止形)	純だ	じゅんだ	jun da
Attributive (連体形)	純な	じゅんな	jun na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	純なら	じゅんなら	jun nara
Imperative (命令形)	純であれ	じゅんであれ	jun de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	純ではない 純じゃない	じゅんではない じゅんじゃない	jun de wa nai jun ja nai
Informal past	純だった	じゅんだった	jun datta
Informal negative past	純ではなかった 純じゃなかった	じゅんではなかった じゅんじゃなかった	jun de wa nakatta jun ja nakatta
Formal	純です	じゅんです	jun desu
Formal negative	純ではありません 純じゃありません	じゅんではありません じゅんじゃありません	jun de wa arimasen jun ja arimasen
Formal past	純でした	じゅんでした	jun deshita
Formal negative past	純ではありませんでした 純じゃありませんでした	じゅんではありませんでした じゅんじゃありませんでした	jun de wa arimasen deshita jun ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	純で	じゅんで	jun de
Conditional	純なら（ば）	じゅんなら（ば）	jun nara (ba)
Provisional	純だったら	じゅんだったら	jun dattara
Volitional	純だろう	じゅんだろう	jun darō
Adverbial	純に	じゅんに	jun ni
Degree	純さ	じゅんさ	junsa

Prefix

純(じゅん) • (jun-) 

1. pure

Proper noun

純(じゅん) • (Jun) 

1. a unisex given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
純
あつし Grade: 6
nanori

Proper noun

純(あつし) • (Atsushi) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

純 (eumhun 순수할 순 (sunsuhal sun))

1. hanja form^? of 순 (“innocence”)

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

純: Hán Nôm readings: thuần, chuẩn, đồn, truy, luồn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.