屯

See also: 屰

屯 U+5C6F, 屯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C6F ← 屮 [U+5C6E] CJK Unified Ideographs 屰 → [U+5C70]

Translingual

Alternative forms

• Note that, in Korean and Japanese scripts, the first stroke is written in a slope from right to left (as seen in the Kangxi dictionary) instead of horizontally from left to right as in Chinese scripts.

Han character

屯 (Kangxi radical 45, 屮+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心山 (PU), four-corner 5071₇, composition ⿻一𡳾(GHTV) or ⿻七凵(GHTV) or ⿻丿𡳾(JK))

Derived characters

• 窀, 沌, 盹, 頓, 扽, 黗, 吨, 飩, 豘, 軘, 坉, 邨, 忳, 芚, 庉, 囤, 迍, 杶, 肫, 訰, 純, 蒓, 𧿬

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 304, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7828
• Dae Jaweon: page 603, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 13, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5C6F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 屯
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (屯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
躉	*tuːnʔ
窀	*rduːn, *duːn, *tun
沌	*donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ
盹	*tuːnʔ, *tjuns
頓	*tuːns
扽	*tuːns
黗	*tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ
吨	*tʰuːnʔ
屯	*duːn, *tun
飩	*duːn
豘	*duːn
軘	*duːn
坉	*duːn
邨	*duːn, *stʰuːn
忳	*duːn
芚	*duːn
庉	*duːn, *duːnʔ
囤	*duːnʔ
迍	*tun
杶	*tʰun
瑃	*tʰun
椿	*tʰun
偆	*tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ
肫	*tjun
訰	*tjun, *tjuns
純	*tjunʔ, *djun
春	*tʰjun
蠢	*tʰjunʔ
踳	*tʰjunʔ
惷	*tʰjunʔ
蒓	*djun
賰	*hljunʔ
鬊	*hljuns

Pictogram (象形) – a plant sprout (屮) with a dot in the middle, than transformed into a horizontal line perhaps to emphasize the sprout. See also the top component of 春 in its original version.

Etymology 1

hill

Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Austroasiatic *doːl (“hill”), whence Old Khmer duuɘl (“knoll, hillock, mount”) (> Khmer ទួល (tuəl)), Proto-Vietic *dol (> Vietnamese đồi & Muong tồl), Old Mon dal (“hill”) (> Mon ဒဵု (tɜ̀)), Western Katu dɔːl ("back of mountain"), Minriq tol ("mountain"). Possible, though unclear connection with 堆 (OC *tuːl).

village, hamlet

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “derived from sense 'hill'?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tún (tun²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tyun⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thùn
• Eastern Min (BUC): dòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thûn / tûn / tūn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tung⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶den

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tún
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tún
    • Wade–Giles: tʻun²
    • Yale: twún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twen
    • Palladius: тунь (tunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tyun⁴
    • Yale: tyùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tün⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰyːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: tun^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tun²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰun¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /touŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thûn
    • Tâi-lô: thûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tuun
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰun¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰun²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tûn
    • Tâi-lô: tûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: duun
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tun²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tūn
    • Tâi-lô: tūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dun
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tun³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tung⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thûng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶den
    • MiniDict: den^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³den
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dən²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dwon

Rime
Character	屯
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒渾切
Baxter	dwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duən/
Pan Wuyun	/duon/
Shao Rongfen	/duən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dwən/
Li Rong	/duən/
Wang Li	/duən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	teon4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤun/

  (Zhengzhang): /*duːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	屯
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tún
Middle Chinese	‹ dwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁun/
English	accumulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	屯
Reading #	1/2
No.	12546
Phonetic component	屯
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	屯
Old Chinese	/*duːn/
Notes	甲金文象屮初生葉芽， 爲春初文，卜辭即有以今屯表今春者

Definitions

屯

1. village; hamlet

   皇姑屯  ―  Huánggūtún  ―  Huanggutun (a place in Shenyang)

2. (literary, or in compounds) military camp
3. to store up; to accumulate
4. (literary, or in compounds) to station (troops)

   屯兵  ―  túnbīng  ―  to station troops

5. ䷂,third hexagram of the I Ching
6. (obsolete) mound; hill
7. (Hong Kong) Short for 屯門／屯门 (Túnmén, “Tuen Mun”).

Synonyms

• (village):

edit

• 堡子
• 塢 / 坞 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 屯落 (túnluò)
• 村塢 / 村坞 (cūnwù) (literary)
• 村子 (cūnzi)
• 村盤子 / 村盘子 ('cun¹ pon² zi) (Gan)
• 村莊 / 村庄 (cūnzhuāng)
• 村落 (cūnluò)
• 社里 (Hokkien)
• 聚 (jù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 聚落 (jùluò)
• 莊 / 庄 (zhuāng)
• 莊仔 / 庄仔 (Hakka)
• 莊子 / 庄子
• 莊頭 / 庄头 (Hakka, Hokkien)
• 農村 / 农村 (nóngcūn)
• 農莊 / 农庄 (nóngzhuāng)
• 鄉村 / 乡村 (xiāngcūn)
• 鄉莊 / 乡庄 (xiāngzhuāng)

• (to store up): 蓄積／蓄积 (xùjī)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		屯

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhūn (zhun¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tun

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dung¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhun
    • Wade–Giles: chun¹
    • Yale: jwūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juen
    • Palladius: чжунь (čžunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zeon¹
    • Yale: jēun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zên¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵn⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tun
    • Tâi-lô: tun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dwn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tun³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tun⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dung¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: trwin

Rime
Character	屯
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟綸切
Baxter	trwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈwin/
Li Rong	/ȶiuĕn/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zeon1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*trun/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	屯
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhūn
Middle Chinese	‹ trwin ›
Old Chinese	/*trun/
English	difficult
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	屯
Reading #	2/2
No.	12562
Phonetic component	屯
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	屯
Old Chinese	/*tun/

Definitions

屯

1. Used in 屯邅 (zhūnzhān).

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		屯

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chún, zhūn (chun², zhun¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣˊ, ㄓㄨㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seon⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chún
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chún
    • Wade–Giles: chʻun²
    • Yale: chwún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwen
    • Palladius: чунь (čunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhun
    • Wade–Giles: chun¹
    • Yale: jwūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juen
    • Palladius: чжунь (čžunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seon⁴
    • Yale: sèuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soen⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sên⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵn²¹/

Definitions

屯

1. Only used in 屯留 (Chúnliú).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 屯 – see 春 (“year”). (This character is an ancient form of 春).

Compounds

• 下屯 (Xiàtún)
• 北屯 (Běitún)
• 南屯 (Nántún)
• 大屯山
• 小屯 (Xiǎotún)
• 屯兵 (túnbīng)
• 屯剝 / 屯剥
• 屯否
• 屯坎
• 屯墾 / 屯垦 (túnkěn)
• 屯子 (túnzi)
• 屯子山 (Túnzishān)
• 屯官
• 屯山 (Túnshān)
• 屯所
• 屯昌 (Túnchāng)
• 屯田 (túntián)
• 屯田制
• 屯留縣 / 屯留县
• 屯積 / 屯积 (túnjī)
• 屯積居奇 / 屯积居奇 (túnjījūqí)
• 屯糧 / 屯粮 (túnliáng)
• 屯糧積草 / 屯粮积草
• 屯紮 / 屯扎 (túnzhā)
• 屯聚
• 屯落 (túnluò)
• 屯街塞巷
• 屯蹇 (zhūnjiǎn)
• 屯蹶否塞
• 屯邅 (zhūnzhān)
• 屯難 / 屯难
• 屯頭 / 屯头
• 屯駐 / 屯驻 (túnzhù)
• 戹屯歌
• 殷殷屯屯
• 皇姑屯
• 積草屯糧 / 积草屯粮
• 紛屯 / 纷屯
• 臨屯 / 临屯 (Líntún)
• 草屯 (Cǎotún)
• 草屯鎮 / 草屯镇
• 蜂屯蟻聚 / 蜂屯蚁聚
• 蟻聚蜂屯 / 蚁聚蜂屯
• 西屯 (Xītún)
• 雲屯 / 云屯 (yúntún)
• 雲屯雨集 / 云屯雨集 (yúntún yǔjí)
• 駐屯 / 驻屯 (zhùtún)
• 黑河屯

References

• “Query for 屯”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

屯

(Jōyō kanji)

1. gathering, gathering place
2. camp, barracks

Readings

• Go-on: ちゅん (chun)、どん (don)
• Kan-on: ちゅん (chun)、とん (ton, Jōyō)
• Kun: たむろ (tamuro, 屯)

Compounds

• 駐屯(ちゅうとん) (chūton): stationing
• 屯所(たむろじょ/とんしょ) (tamurojo/tonsho): (military) post
• 屯邅(ちゅんてん) (chunten): faltering in worry
• 屯蒙(ちゅんもう) (chunmō): the infancy and beginning of something

Etymology

Kanji in this term
屯
とん Grade: S (ateji)
kan'on

From English ton, tonne. The kanji is an example of ateji.

Noun

屯(トン) or 屯(とん) • (ton) 

1. tonne, metric ton
2. (now uncommon) ton, Imperial ton

Usage notes

Most usually spelled in katakana, as トン.

Korean

Hanja

屯 (eumhun 어려울 준 (eoryeoul jun))

1. hanja form^? of 준 (“challenging, difficult”)

屯 (eumhun 진칠 둔 (jinchil dun))

1. hanja form^? of 둔 (“village, hamlet”)
2. hanja form^? of 둔 (“camp”)
3. hanja form^? of 둔 (“station (troops), quarter”)

Compounds

1. 주둔 (駐屯, judun)
2. 둔병 (屯兵, dunbyeong)

Vietnamese

Han character

屯: Hán Nôm readings: truân, chồn, đồn, dồn, nhún, sồn, thùn, dùn, đần, đốn, đún, giỡn, giùng, tòn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.