堆

堆	U+5806, 堆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5806

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

堆 (radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土人土 (GOG), four-corner 4011₄, composition ⿰土隹)

Derived characters[edit]

𠼲𣼭𣊌𣙯𦟿𥊖𧐻𨄺𠐸𡳪𨬉𡓋𣙇𨄟𩅚

References[edit]

KangXi: page 232, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5211
Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 454, character 4
Unihan data for U+5806

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		堆

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蜼	lus, rulʔ, *luls
堆	*tuːl
嵟	*tuːl
碓	*tuːls
推	tʰuːl, tʰjul
蓷	tʰuːl, tʰjul
陮	*duːlʔ
魋	*duːl
嶊	*stuːlʔ
崔	zluːl, sʰluːl
猚	ŋreːl, rulʔ
椎	*dul
顀	*dul
隹	*tjul
錐	*tjul
萑	*kljul
騅	*tjul
鵻	sɢʷinʔ, tjul
誰	*djul
脽	*djul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tuːl): semantic 土 + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): duī (dui¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): deoi¹, zeoi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tôi
Min Bei (KCR): dó
Min Dong (BUC): dŏi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tui / tu

(Teochew, Peng'im): dui¹ / du¹
Wu (Wiktionary): te (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: duī
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄟ
  - Wade–Giles: tui¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duei
  - Tongyong Pinyin: duei
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tweɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: deoi¹, zeoi¹
  - Yale: dēui, jēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: doey¹, dzoey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dêu¹, zêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵy̯⁵⁵/, /t͡ʃɵy̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tôi
  - Hakka Romanization System: doi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: doi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /toi̯²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dŏi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tøy⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tui / tu
  - Tâi-lô: tui / tu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: duy, dw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tui³³/, /tu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/

Note:

tui - literary;
tu - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: dui¹ / du¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tui / tu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tui³³/, /tu³³/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: te (T1)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /te̞⁵³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 堆
Mandarin	Beijing	/tuei⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/tuei²¹/
	Jinan	/tuei²¹³/ /t͡suei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tue²¹³/ /t͡sue²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/tuei²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tuei²¹/
	Xining	/tuɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/tuei³¹/
	Ürümqi	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/tei⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/tuei⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/tuei⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/tuəi³¹/
	Hefei	/te²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuei¹¹/ /t͡suei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡suei¹³/ /tuæ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tuei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/te⁵³/
	Suzhou	/te̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/tui³³/
	Wenzhou	/tai³³/
Hui	Shexian	/tɛ³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/tə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tei³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/təi³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/tui⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/toi⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/toi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tøy⁵³/
	Nanning	/tui⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tøy⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tui⁵⁵/ /tu⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tøy⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/to⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tui³³/ /tu³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdui²³/

Middle Chinese: /tuʌi/

Rime
Character	堆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都回切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/tuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/tuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/twəj/
Li Rong	/tuᴀi/
Wang Li	/tuɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	deoi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.tˤuj/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	duī
Middle Chinese	‹ twoj ›
Old Chinese	/*C.tˁuj/
English	heap; mound
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堆
Reading #	1/1
No.	17705
Phonetic component	隹
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	磓
Old Chinese	/*tuːl/
Notes	見史記

Definitions[edit]

堆

heap; pile; mound
to pile up; to stack up
Classifier for objects organised in piles.
一堆垃圾 ― yī duī lājī ― a pile of trash
mound (usually in placenames)

Compounds[edit]

一堆 (yīduī)
三堆河 (Sānduīhé)
估堆兒／估堆儿
吉丟古堆／吉丢古堆
土堆 (tǔduī)
垃圾堆 (lājīduī)
堆下笑
堆垛
堆堆
堆子
堆山塞海
堆摞
堆放 (duīfàng)
堆棧／堆栈 (duīzhàn)
堆滿／堆满
堆焊
堆疊／堆叠 (duīdié)
堆砌 (duīqì)
堆碼／堆码
堆積／堆积 (duījī)
堆積如山／堆积如山 (duījīrúshān)
堆積平原／堆积平原

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

堆

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

a river bank; a marine ridge, a marine bank

Readings[edit]

Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō); て (te)
Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: つい (tsui)
Kun: うずたかい (uzutakai, 堆い)

Compounds[edit]

堆積(たいせき) (taiseki)
堆(たい)肥(ひ) (taihi)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

堆 • (toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune–Reischauer t'oe)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

堆: Hán Nôm readings: đôi, chui, đồi, doi, nhoi, duôi, đòi

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

堆

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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