堆

堆 U+5806, 堆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5806 ← 堅 [U+5805] CJK Unified Ideographs 堇 → [U+5807]

Translingual

Han character

堆 (radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土人土 (GOG), four-corner 4011₄, composition ⿰土隹)

References

• KangXi: page 232, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5211
• Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 454, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5806

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		堆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蜼	*lus, *rulʔ, *luls
堆	*tuːl
嵟	*tuːl
碓	*tuːls
推	*tʰuːl, *tʰjul
蓷	*tʰuːl, *tʰjul
陮	*duːlʔ
魋	*duːl
嶊	*stuːlʔ
崔	*zluːl, *sʰluːl
猚	*ŋreːl, *rulʔ
椎	*dul
顀	*dul
隹	*tjul
錐	*tjul
萑	*kljul
騅	*tjul
鵻	*sɢʷinʔ, *tjul
誰	*djul
脽	*djul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tuːl): semantic 土 + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): duī (dui¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): deoi¹, zeoi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tôi
• Min Bei (KCR): dó
• Min Dong (BUC): dŏi
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tui / tu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dui¹ / du¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): te (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: duī
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄟ
    • Wade–Giles: tui1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: duei
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tweɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: deoi¹, zeoi¹
    • Yale: dēui, jēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: doey¹, dzoey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dêu¹, zêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵy̯⁵⁵/, /t͡ʃɵy̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tôi
    • Hakka Romanization System: doi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: doi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /toi̯²⁴/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /to⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dŏi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tøy⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tui / tu
    • Tâi-lô: tui / tu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: duy, dw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tui³³/, /tu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tui⁴⁴/, /tu⁴⁴/

Note:

• tui - literary;
• tu - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: dui¹ / du¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tui / tu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tui³³/, /tu³³/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: te (T1)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /te̞⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 堆
Mandarin	Beijing	/tuei⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/tuei²¹/
	Jinan	/tuei²¹³/ /t͡suei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tue²¹³/ /t͡sue²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/tuei²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tuei²¹/
	Xining	/tuɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/tuei³¹/
	Ürümqi	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/tei⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/tuei⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/tuei⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/tuei⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/tuəi³¹/
	Hefei	/te²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuei¹¹/ /t͡suei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡suei¹³/ /tuæ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tuei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/te⁵³/
	Suzhou	/te̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/tui³³/
	Wenzhou	/tai³³/
Hui	Shexian	/tɛ³¹/
	Tunxi	/tə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tei³³/
	Xiangtan	/təi³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/tui⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/toi⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/toi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tøy⁵³/
	Nanning	/tui⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tøy⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tui⁵⁵/ /tu⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tøy⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/to⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tui³³/ /tu³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdui²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /tuʌi/

Rime
Character	堆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都回切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/tuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/tuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/twəj/
Li Rong	/tuᴀi/
Wang Li	/tuɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duī

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.tˤuj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	duī
Middle Chinese	‹ twoj ›
Old Chinese	/*C.tˁuj/
English	heap; mound
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堆
Reading #	1/1
No.	17705
Phonetic component	隹
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	磓
Old Chinese	/*tuːl/
Notes	見史記

Definitions

堆

1. heap; pile; mound
2. to pile up; to stack up
3. Classifier for objects organised in piles.

   一堆垃圾  ―  yī duī lājī  ―  a pile of trash

4. mound (usually in placenames)

Compounds

• 一堆 (yīduī)
• 三堆河 (Sānduīhé)
• 估堆兒／估堆儿
• 吉丟古堆／吉丢古堆
• 土堆 (tǔduī)
• 垃圾堆 (lājīduī)
• 堆下笑
• 堆垛
• 堆堆
• 堆子
• 堆山塞海
• 堆摞
• 堆放
• 堆棧／堆栈 (duīzhàn)
• 堆滿／堆满
• 堆焊
• 堆疊／堆叠 (duīdié)
• 堆砌 (duīqì)
• 堆碼／堆码
• 堆積／堆积 (duījī)
• 堆積如山／堆积如山 (duījīrúshān)
• 堆積平原／堆积平原

• 堆笑
• 堆紅／堆红
• 堆絹／堆绢
• 堆繡／堆绣
• 堆置
• 堆肥 (duīféi)
• 堆花
• 堆花燒酒／堆花烧酒
• 堆豗
• 堆貨／堆货
• 堆貯／堆贮
• 堆金
• 堆金積玉／堆金积玉
• 堆集 (duījí)
• 堆鴉／堆鸦
• 大堆
• 大陸隆堆／大陆隆堆
• 孤堆
• 扎堆 (zhāduī)
• 打灰堆
• 撲堆／扑堆
• 故紙堆／故纸堆

• 是非堆
• 末子堆
• 桑堆 (Sāngduī)
• 歸裡包堆／归里包堆
• 泥堆
• 滿臉堆笑／满脸堆笑
• 滿面堆笑／满面堆笑
• 灩澦堆／滟滪堆
• 狗屎堆 (gǒushǐduī)
• 瓊堆玉砌／琼堆玉砌
• 白龍堆／白龙堆
• 盤堆／盘堆
• 積玉堆金／积玉堆金
• 纍堆／累堆
• 草堆 (cǎoduī)
• 送作堆
• 離堆山／离堆山
• 雷堆
• 馬王堆／马王堆 (Mǎwángduī)
• 鬢若堆鴉／鬓若堆鸦
• 魁堆

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Japanese

Kanji

堆

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. a river bank; a marine ridge, a marine bank

Readings

• Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō); て (te)
• Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: つい (tsui)
• Kun: うずたかい (uzutakai, 堆い)

Compounds

• 堆積(たいせき) (taiseki)
• 堆(たい)肥(ひ) (taihi)

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Korean

Hanja

堆 • (toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune–Reischauer t'oe)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

堆 (đôi, chui, đồi, doi, nhoi, duôi, đòi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.