渡

See also: 疲

渡 U+6E21, 渡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E21 ← 渠 [U+6E20] CJK Unified Ideographs 渢 → [U+6E22]

Translingual

Han character

渡 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水戈廿水 (EITE), four-corner 3014₇, composition ⿰氵度)

Derived characters

• 𪸁

References

• KangXi: page 634, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17765
• Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1683, character 12
• Unihan data for U+6E21

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		渡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
褯	*zljaːɡs
遮	*tjaː
蔗	*tjaːɡs
鷓	*tjaːɡs
樜	*tjaːɡs, *hljaɡs
蟅	*tjaːɡs, *tjaːɡ
嗻	*tjaːɡs
鍍	*daː, *daːɡs
度	*daːɡs, *daːɡ
渡	*daːɡs
庶	*hljaɡs
剫	*daːɡ
踱	*daːɡ
喥	*daːɡ
謶	*tjaɡ
席	*ljaːɡ
蓆	*ljaːɡ
墌	*tjaːɡ
摭	*tjaːɡ
蹠	*tjaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *daːɡs): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 度 (OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ).

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan འདས ('das, “to pass over”).

Proto-Tai *daːᴮ (“river”) (whence Thai ท่า (tâa, “port; pier; quay”) and Zhuang dah (“river”)) is a loan from late Old Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).

The Austroasiatic synonym of 渡 is 濟 (OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls, “to cross a river”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dù (du⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dou⁶, dou^6-2
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tu⁴

• Min Bei (KCR): dū
• Min Dong (BUC): dô
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tō͘ / thō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dou⁷

• Wu (Wiktionary): du (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: dù
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dù
    • Wade–Giles: tu4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dou⁶, dou^6-2
    • Yale: douh, dóu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶, dou^6-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶, dou^6-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯²²/, /tou̯²²⁻³⁵/

Note: dou6-2 - passenger ship tugged by a tugboat.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu
    • Hakka Romanization System: tu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵³/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: do
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thō͘
    • Tâi-lô: thōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: to
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dou⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tōu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: du (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥v̩ʷ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /duo^H/

Rime
Character	渡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒故切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duoH/
Pan Wuyun	/duoH/
Shao Rongfen	/doH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɔH/
Li Rong	/doH/
Wang Li	/duH/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*daːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dù
Middle Chinese	‹ duH ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁak-s/
English	to ford
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渡
Reading #	1/1
No.	11903
Phonetic component	庶
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	渡
Old Chinese	/*daːɡs/

Definitions

渡

1. to cross (a body of water)
2. to ferry
3. (figuratively) to pull through (difficult times)
4. ferry crossing
5. (Hakka) to take; to bring along; to carry
6. (Hakka) to look after; to take care of; to care for; to attend to

Compounds

Derived terms from 渡

• 三豕渡河
• 中元普渡
• 九渡河 (Jiǔdùhé)
• 仙人渡 (Xiānréndù)
• 偷渡 (tōudù)
• 偷渡客
• 南渡
• 古渡 (gǔdù)
• 大渡 (Dàdù)
• 官渡 (Guāndù)
• 官渡口 (Guāndùkǒu)
• 小渡船 (Xiǎodùchuán)
• 引渡 (yǐndù)
• 引渡法
• 慈航普渡
• 普渡 (pǔdù)
• 普渡河
• 杯渡
• 沿渡河 (Yándùhé)
• 泥船渡河
• 津渡 (jīndù)
• 渡假
• 渡口 (dùkǒu)
• 渡子
• 渡水 (dùshuǐ)

• 渡江 (dùjiāng)
• 渡江楫
• 渡河 (dùhé)
• 渡河香象
• 渡海 (dùhǎi)
• 渡船 (dùchuán)
• 潘渡 (Pāndù)
• 虎渡江
• 超渡
• 香象渡河
• 麻家渡 (Májiādù)
• 一葦渡江／一苇渡江
• 偷渡黃牛／偷渡黄牛
• 官渡之戰／官渡之战
• 岡渡拉／冈渡拉
• 強渡／强渡
• 截頭渡／截头渡
• 搶渡／抢渡
• 擺渡／摆渡 (bǎidù)
• 擺渡船／摆渡船
• 普渡眾生／普渡众生
• 東渡／东渡
• 桃花過渡／桃花过渡
• 桃葉渡／桃叶渡
• 橫水渡／横水渡 (héngshuǐdù)

• 橫渡／横渡 (héngdù)
• 渡輪／渡轮 (dùlún)
• 渡過／渡过 (dùguò)
• 渡邊／渡边 (Dùbiān)
• 渡錢／渡钱
• 渡頭／渡头 (dùtóu)
• 渡頭雲／渡头云
• 渡馬船／渡马船
• 漲渡湖／涨渡湖 (Zhǎngdùhú)
• 濟渡／济渡
• 端陽競渡／端阳竞渡
• 競渡／竞渡 (jìngdù)
• 絕渡逢舟／绝渡逢舟
• 讓渡／让渡 (ràngdù)
• 賈人渡河／贾人渡河
• 輪渡／轮渡 (lúndù)
• 過渡／过渡 (guòdù)
• 過渡內閣／过渡内阁
• 過渡時期／过渡时期
• 過渡灣／过渡湾 (Guòdùwān)
• 過渡金屬／过渡金属 (guòdù jīnshǔ)
• 遠渡重洋／远渡重洋 (yuǎndùchóngyáng)
• 關渡／关渡
• 陳渡／陈渡 (Chéndù)
• 霧渡河／雾渡河 (Wùdùhé)

Descendants

• Proto-Tai: *daːᴮ (“river”)
  • Lao: ທ່າ (thā)
  • Lü: ᦑᦱᧈ (taa¹)
  • Shan: တႃႈ (tāa, “pier; shallow place in water”)
  • Thai: ท่า (tâa, “pier; port”)
  • Zhuang: dah (“river”)

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Japanese

Kanji

渡

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. transit
2. ford
3. ferry
4. cross
5. import
6. deliver
7. diameter
8. migrate

Readings

• Go-on: ど (do)
• Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
• Kun: わたる (wataru, 渡る, Jōyō); わたす (watasu, 渡す, Jōyō)
• Nanori: ただ (tada)

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Korean

Hanja

渡 • (do) (hangeul 도)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

渡: Hán Nôm readings: đò, đác, độ, đạc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.