渠
| ||||||||
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]渠 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水尸木 (ESD), four-corner 31904, composition ⿱洰木)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 633, character 48
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17764
- Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1645, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6E20
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 渠 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡa): semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ).
Etymology 1
[edit]| trad. | 渠 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 渠 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 洰 | |
- “ditch; canal; drain”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka ~ *k(r)a (“path; way; channel; ditch”); probably the same word as 衢 (OC *ɡʷa, “passage”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྐ (rka, “gutter; channel; furrow”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qu2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чү (čü, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qie3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qy1
- Northern Min (KCR): kṳ̆
- Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̀
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6jiu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qú
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyú
- Wade–Giles: chʻü2
- Yale: chyú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
- Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ky
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чү (čü, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: keoi4
- Yale: kèuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: koey4
- Guangdong Romanization: kêu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɵy̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kui3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰui²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qie3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khì
- Hakka Romanization System: kiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ki2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qy1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰy¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰy²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰy⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gy2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gy2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kû
- Tâi-lô: kû
- Phofsit Daibuun: kuu
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ku²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kîr
- Tâi-lô: kîr
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
- Tâi-lô: kî
- Phofsit Daibuun: kii
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ke5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɯ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jy2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: gjo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡa/
Definitions
[edit]渠
Usage notes
[edit]Unlike 溝／沟 (gōu), which refers to both artificial and natural watercourses, 渠 (qú) refers only to artificial watercourses.
Compounds
[edit]- 共產主義渠 / 共产主义渠 (Gòngchǎn Zhǔyì Qú)
- 出渠
- 坑渠
- 幹渠 / 干渠
- 廣通渠 / 广通渠
- 斗渠
- 橫渠 / 横渠
- 橫渠學派 / 横渠学派
- 毛渠
- 水到渠成 (shuǐdàoqúchéng)
- 永濟渠 / 永济渠
- 河渠
- 流血成渠
- 渠務 / 渠务
- 渠口 (Qúkǒu)
- 渠帥 / 渠帅 (qúshuài)
- 渠水 (qúshuǐ)
- 渠江
- 渠渠
- 渠率
- 渠衝 / 渠冲
- 渠輩 / 渠辈
- 渠道 (qúdào)
- 渠魁 (qúkuí)
- 溝渠 / 沟渠 (gōuqú)
- 漕渠 (cáoqú)
- 灌溉渠
- 犀渠
- 白渠
- 石渠 (Shíqú)
- 義渠 / 义渠
- 血流成渠
- 軒渠 / 轩渠
- 轉死溝渠 / 转死沟渠
- 轉渠口 / 转渠口
- 通渠 (tōngqú)
- 通濟渠 / 通济渠
- 開渠穿井 / 开渠穿井
- 雝渠 / 雍渠 (yōngqú)
- 靈渠 / 灵渠 (Líng Qú)
- 黃渠 / 黄渠 (Huángqú)
Etymology 2
[edit]| trad. | 渠 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 渠 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 洰 | |
| alternative forms | 𠍲 佢 dialectal 伊 S. Sixian Hakka; Shanghainese | |
Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢 and 伊.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qie2
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy2
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gyu4
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qú
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyú
- Wade–Giles: chʻü2
- Yale: chyú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
- Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: keoi5 / heoi5 / keoi4
- Yale: kéuih / héuih / kèuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: koey5 / hoey5 / koey4
- Guangdong Romanization: kêu5 / hêu5 / kêu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɵy̯¹³/, /hɵy̯¹³/, /kʰɵy̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- keoi5, heoi5 - vernacular (most commonly written as 佢);
- keoi4 - literary.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰui³³/
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qie2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰie²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kì
- Hakka Romanization System: giˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi2
- Sinological IPA: /ki¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kì / yì
- Hakka Romanization System: giˇ / (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi2 / yi2
- Sinological IPA: /ki¹¹/, /(j)i¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gy2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gy2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kû
- Tâi-lô: kû
- Phofsit Daibuun: kuu
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ku²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kîr
- Tâi-lô: kîr
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
- Tâi-lô: kî
- Phofsit Daibuun: kii
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ke5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɯ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: gyu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky²¹/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
Note:
- 6yi (Shanghai) - most commonly written as 伊;
- 3gou (Jinhua) - dated.
- Middle Chinese: gjo
Definitions
[edit]渠
- (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he; she; it
- 畫工畫佛身光，有匾圓如扇者，身側則光亦側，此大謬也。渠但見雕木佛耳，不知此光常圓也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 1088 CE, Shen Kuo, Dream Pool Essays
- Huàgōng huà fó shēnguāng, yǒu biǎnyuán rú shàn zhě, shēn cè zé guāng yì cè, cǐ dà miù yě. Qú dàn jiàn diāo mù fó ěr, bùzhī cǐ guāng cháng yuán yě. [Pinyin]
- When painters paint Buddha’s aureole, they make it flat and round like a fan. If his body is deflected, then the aureole is also deflected,―a serious blunder. Such a one is only thinking of Buddha as a graven image, and does not know that the roundness of his aureole is everlasting.
画工画佛身光，有匾圆如扇者，身侧则光亦侧，此大谬也。渠但见雕木佛耳，不知此光常圆也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- 1997, 覃遠雄, 韋樹關, 卞成林, editors, 南寧平話詞典 [A Dictionary of Nanning Pinghua] (Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects), first edition, Nanjing: 江蘇教育出版社, page 41:
- 渠是哪個？ [Nanning Pinghua, trad.]
- gy4 si6 na2 go3 [Jyutping++]
- Who is he?
渠是哪个？ [Nanning Pinghua, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]渠
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
[edit]References
[edit]- “▲渠”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]渠: Hán Nôm readings: cừ, gừa, khờ, cự
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Puxian Min hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Puxian Min nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Sichuanese adjectives
- Dungan adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Puxian Min adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Xiang adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Sichuanese proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Puxian Min proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 渠
- Chinese nouns classified by 條/条
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Chinese literary terms
- Chinese surnames
- Southern Pinghua lemmas
- Southern Pinghua hanzi
- Chinese pronouns
- Mandarin pronouns
- Cantonese pronouns
- Taishanese pronouns
- Gan pronouns
- Hakka pronouns
- Hokkien pronouns
- Teochew pronouns
- Puxian Min pronouns
- Southern Pinghua pronouns
- Wu pronouns
- Middle Chinese pronouns
- Chinese dialectal terms
- Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- Southern Pinghua terms with quotations
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese hyōgai kanji
- Japanese kanji with on reading きょ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading みぞ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かれ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading なん・ぞ
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters