家
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
家 (radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十一尸人 (JMSO), four-corner 30232, composition ⿱宀豕)
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 286, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
- Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 930, character 15
- Unihan data for U+5BB6
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 家 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraː): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 豕 (“pig”).
豕 is an abbreviation of 豭 (OC *kraː, “male pig, boar”) (Shuowen Jiezi), a homophone of 家 (jiā) in Old Chinese. See 豭 for more on the glyph composition.
Etymology 1[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
家 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𡦼 | |
Cognate with Tibetan མཁར (mkhar, “castle; house”) (Schuessler, 2007).
嫁 (OC *kraːs, “to give a girl in marriage”) is the exoactive of 家 (OC *kraː, “house; household; family”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
家
- home
- house
- family; household
- (polite, for family member) my
- domesticated; domestic
- Classifier for families, businesses and companies.
- school of thought; philosophical school
- † fief of ministers or senior officials
- Suffix denoting a person with a certain occupation or social standing. -er
- Suffix denoting specialist in a certain activity or field. -ist; -er
- Suffix used after a noun to specify a type of person.
- A surname.
Synonyms[edit]
- (family):
Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 家 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 家 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 家 |
| Taiwan | 家 | |
| Tianjin | 家 | |
| Jinan | 家 | |
| Xi'an | 家, 屋 | |
| Wuhan | 屋裡, 家 | |
| Chengdu | 屋頭, 家 | |
| Yangzhou | 家, 家頭 | |
| Hefei | 家 | |
| Malaysia | 家 | |
| Singapore | 家 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 家 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 屋企 |
| Hong Kong | 屋企 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 屋企 | |
| Taishan | 企 | |
| Yangjiang | 屋己, 屋 | |
| Kuala Lumpur | 屋企 | |
| Singapore | 屋企 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 屋裡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 屋下 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屋下 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 屋下 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 屋下 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 屋家 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 屋下 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 屋下 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 家 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 厝 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 厝 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 厝, 兜 |
| Quanzhou | 厝, 兜 | |
| Zhangzhou | 厝, 兜 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 厝 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 厝 | |
| Philippines (Manila Hokkien) | 厝, 厝內, 兜 | |
| Chaozhou | 內 | |
| Shantou | 內 | |
| Jieyang | 內 | |
| Haifeng | 厝 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 內 | |
| Wenchang | 厝 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 屋裡 |
| Suzhou | 屋裡 | |
| Wenzhou | 屋裡 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 屋裡 |
| Shuangfeng | 屋裡 | |
- (house):
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 家
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Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
家
Pronunciation 3[edit]
Definitions[edit]
家
Etymology 2[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
家 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 價／价 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
家
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Etymology 3[edit]
Cognate with 姑 (gū).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
家
- Only used in 大家 (dàgū).
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
家
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: け (ke, Jōyō); く (ku)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō); こ (ko)
- Kun: いえ (ie, 家, Jōyō)←いへ (ife, historical); や (ya, 家, Jōyō); うち (uchi, 家)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 家 |
| いえ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨ipe1⟩ → */ipʲe/ → /iɸe/ → /iwe/ → /ie/
From Old Japanese.
Possibly related to 廬 (iho → io, “temporary hut”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a house
- one's own home
- a home, household
- Yamazaki, Kore, “第1篇 April showers bring May flowers. [Composition 1: April showers bring May flowers.]”, in 魔法使いの嫁 [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 17:
- ここが僕の家 そして今日から君が暮らす家でもある
- Koko ga boku no ie Soshite kyō kara kimi ga kurasu ie de mo aru
- This is my home. From now on, you will live here, too.
- ここが僕の家 そして今日から君が暮らす家でもある
- a family
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 家 |
| や Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a house
Suffix[edit]
- house of something, place where some business is conducted
- person who does that thing
See also[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 家 |
| うち Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with 内 (uchi, “middle”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a house
- one's house
Descendants[edit]
- → English: hooch
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 家 |
| Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
Contraction of uchi above.
Often following the genitive case marker の (no) which contracts to -n.
Noun[edit]
- a house
- 俺ん家に来ない？ ― Orenchi ni konai? ― Wanna come to my place?
Etymology 5[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 家 |
| か Grade: 2 |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 家 (MC kˠa).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a latter borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Suffix[edit]
- an expert, professional, performer
Derived terms[edit]
- 漫画家 (mangaka)
Etymology 6[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 家 |
| け Grade: 2 |
| goon |
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”), so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Suffix[edit]
- representing relationship to a family
- 平家 ― Taira-ke ― the Taira family
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- home; family; household
Compounds[edit]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
家
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 家内 (chinē, “household”)
- 家鴨 (ahiru), 家鴨 (ahirā), 家鴨 (afirā, “domestic duck”)
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Noun[edit]
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- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- ryu:Buildings
- ryu:Housing
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
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- Yonaguni Han characters
- Yonaguni nouns
- yoi:Buildings
- yoi:Housing
