家

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家 U+5BB6, 家
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB6
← 宵
[U+5BB5]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 宷 →
[U+5BB7]
See also: 傢, 冢, and 冡

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order
家-order.gif

Han character[edit]

家 (radical 40 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十一尸人 (JMSO), four-corner 30232, composition ⿱宀豕)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 286, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
  • Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 930, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+5BB6

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 家

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 家
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
家-oracle.svg 家-bronze.svg 家-bigseal.svg 家-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (家) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
家 *kraː
傢 *kraː
幏 *kraː, *kraːs
稼 *kraːs
嫁 *kraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraː): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 豕 (“pig”).

豕 is an abbreviation of 豭 (OC *kraː, “male pig, boar”) (Shuowen Jiezi), a homophone of 家 in Old Chinese. See 豭 for more on the glyph composition.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ke - vernacular;
  • ka - literary.
Note: 1jia is literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 家
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕia²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕia³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ 國～
/ka⁵⁵/ 人～
Chengdu /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕia̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑ³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕia²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕia¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
/t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/ 娘～
Hohhot /t͡ɕia³¹/
/t͡ɕiaʔ/ 人～
Wu Shanghai /ka⁵³/
/t͡ɕia⁵³/
Suzhou /kɑ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕiɑ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑ³³/
Wenzhou /ko³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³¹/
/ka³¹/
Tunxi /kɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia³³/
/ka³³/
Xiangtan /kɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /kɑ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ka⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kɑ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ka⁵³/
Nanning /ka⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /ka⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ka⁵⁵/
/ke⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ka⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ka⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ke³³/
/ka³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ka²³/
/kia²³/
/kɛ²³/
Rime
Character 家
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古牙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /ka/
Wang
Li		 /ka/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiā
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 家
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˤra/
English household

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 家
Reading # 1/1
No. 5919
Phonetic
component		 家
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 嘉
Old
Chinese		 /*kraː/

Definitions[edit]

家

  1. home
    我的家就在這裡。 / 我的家就在这里。  ―  Wǒ de jiā jiù zài zhèlǐ.  ―  My home is here.
  2. house
  3. family; household
    家庭  ―  jiātíng  ―  family
    家族  ―  jiāzú  ―  clan; family
  4. (polite, for family member) my
  5. domesticated; domestic
  6. Classifier for families, businesses and companies.
  7. school of thought; philosophical school
    儒家  ―  Rújiā  ―  Confucian school
    道家  ―  Dàojiā  ―  Daoist School
  8. Suffix denoting a person with a certain occupation or social standing. -er
  9. Suffix denoting specialist in a certain activity or field. -ist; -er
    藝術家 / 艺术家  ―  yìshùjiā  ―  artist
    科學家 / 科学家  ―  kēxuéjiā  ―  scientist
  10. A surname​.

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 家
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 家
Mandarin Beijing 家
Taiwan 家
Tianjin 家
Jinan 家
Xi'an 家、屋
Wuhan 屋裡、家
Chengdu 屋頭、家
Yangzhou 家、家頭
Hefei 家
Cantonese Guangzhou 屋企
Hong Kong 屋企
Taishan 企
Gan Nanchang 屋裡
Hakka Meixian 屋下
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屋下
Liudui (S. Sixian) 屋下
Hsinchu (Hailu) 屋下
Dongshi (Dabu) 屋家
Zhuolan (Raoping) 屋下
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 屋下
Jin Taiyuan 家
Min Bei Jian'ou 厝
Min Dong Fuzhou 厝
Min Nan Xiamen 厝、兜
Quanzhou 厝、兜
Zhangzhou 厝、兜
Chaozhou 裡
Wu Suzhou 屋裡
Wenzhou 屋裡、屋底、底转
Xiang Changsha 屋裡
Shuangfeng 屋裡
Dialectal synonyms of 房子 (“house”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 屋、房
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 房子
Mandarin Beijing 房子
Taiwan 房子
Tianjin 房子
Jinan 房子、屋
Xi'an 房
Wuhan 屋、房子
Chengdu 房子
Yangzhou 房子
Hefei 屋、房子
Cantonese Guangzhou 屋
Hong Kong 屋
Taishan 屋
Gan Nanchang 房子、屋
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屋仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 屋仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 屋仔、屋
Dongshi (Dabu) 屋
Zhuolan (Raoping) 屋
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 屋
Jin Taiyuan 房子
Min Bei Jian'ou 厝
Min Dong Fuzhou 厝
Min Nan Xiamen 厝
Quanzhou 厝
Zhangzhou 厝
Taipei 厝
Penang 厝
Chaozhou 厝
Wu Shanghai 房子
Suzhou 房子
Wenzhou 屋宕
Xiang Changsha 屋
Shuangfeng 屋

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 家

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

家

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
家
いえ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/ihe1/: [ie] ← [iwe] ← [iɸe] ← [ipe], possibly from Proto-Altaic *ibe (compare Proto-Turkic *eb (“house”) (Turkish ev)).

Possibly related to 廬 (io, “temporary hut”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana いえ, rōmaji ie, historical hiragana いへ)

  1. a house
  2. one's own home
  3. a home; a household
    • Yamazaki, Kore, “April showers bring May flowers.”, in 魔法使いの嫁The Ancient Magus Bride [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 17:
      ここが僕 (ぼく)の家 (いえ)　そして今日 (きょう)から君 (きみ)が暮 (く)らす家 (いえ)でもある
      Koko ga boku no ie Soshite kyō kara kimi ga kurasu ie de mo aru
      This is my home. From now on, you will live here, too.
  4. a family

Suffix[edit]

家 (hiragana か, rōmaji -ka)

  1. (as suffix) an expert, professional, performer

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
家
うち
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Cognate with 内 (uchi).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana うち, rōmaji uchi)

  1. a house
  2. one's house
Descendants[edit]

Suffix[edit]

家 (hiragana け, rōmaji -ke)

  1. a suffix representing relationship to a family
    平 (たいら)家 (け)
    taira-ke
    the Taira family

Etymology 3[edit]

A contraction of uchi → chi. Often following the genitive case marker no which contracts to n.

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana ち, rōmaji chi)

  1. house
    俺 (おれ)ん家 (ち)に来 (こ)ない？
    Ore n chi ni konai?
    Wanna come to my place?
Kanji in this term
家
や
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana や, rōmaji ya)

  1. house

Suffix[edit]

家 (hiragana や, rōmaji -ya)

  1. house of something, place where some business is conducted
  2. person who does that thing
See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

家 • (ga, go) (hangeul 가, 고, McCune-Reischauer ka, ko)

  1. home; family; household

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

家 (hiragana やー, romaji yā)

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana やー, romaji yā)

  1. house

Derived terms[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

家 (gia, nhà)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni[edit]

Kanji[edit]

家 (hiragana だー, romaji dā)

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana だー, romaji dā)

  1. house
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