家

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See also: 傢, 冢, and 冡
家 U+5BB6, 家
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB6
← 宵
[U+5BB5]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 宷 →
[U+5BB7]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order
家-order.gif

Han character[edit]

家 (radical 40 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十一尸人 (JMSO), four-corner 30232, composition ⿱宀豕)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 286, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
  • Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 930, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+5BB6

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 家

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 家
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
家-oracle.svg 家-bronze.svg 家-seal.svg 家-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (家) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
家 *kraː
傢 *kraː
幏 *kraː, *kraːs
稼 *kraːs
嫁 *kraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraː): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 豕 (“pig”).

豕 is an abbreviation of 豭 (OC *kraː, “male pig, boar”) (Shuowen Jiezi), a homophone of 家 in Old Chinese. See 豭 for more on the glyph composition.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ke - vernacular;
  • ka - literary.
Note: 1jia is literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 家
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕia²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕia³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ 國～
/ka⁵⁵/ 人～
Chengdu /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕia̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑ³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕia²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕia¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
/t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/ 娘～
Hohhot /t͡ɕia³¹/
/t͡ɕiaʔ/ 人～
Wu Shanghai /ka⁵³/
/t͡ɕia⁵³/
Suzhou /kɑ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕiɑ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑ³³/
Wenzhou /ko³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³¹/
/ka³¹/
Tunxi /kɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia³³/
/ka³³/
Xiangtan /kɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /kɑ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ka⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kɑ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ka⁵³/
Nanning /ka⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /ka⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ka⁵⁵/
/ke⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ka⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ka⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ke³³/
/ka³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ka²³/
/kia²³/
/kɛ²³/
Rime
Character 家
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古牙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /ka/
Wang
Li		 /ka/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiā
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 家
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˤra/
English household

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 家
Reading # 1/1
No. 5919
Phonetic
component		 家
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 嘉
Old
Chinese		 /*kraː/

Definitions[edit]

家

  1. home
    我的家就在這裡。 / 我的家就在这里。  ―  Wǒ de jiā jiù zài zhèlǐ.  ―  My home is here.
  2. house
  3. family; household
    家庭  ―  jiātíng  ―  family
    家族  ―  jiāzú  ―  clan; family
  4. (polite, for family member) my
  5. domesticated; domestic
  6. Classifier for families, businesses and companies.
  7. school of thought; philosophical school
    儒家  ―  Rújiā  ―  Confucian school
    道家  ―  Dàojiā  ―  Daoist School
  8. Suffix denoting a person with a certain occupation or social standing. -er
  9. Suffix denoting specialist in a certain activity or field. -ist; -er
    藝術家 / 艺术家  ―  yìshùjiā  ―  artist
    科學家 / 科学家  ―  kēxuéjiā  ―  scientist
  10. A surname​.

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 家
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 家
Mandarin Beijing 家
Taiwan 家
Tianjin 家
Jinan 家
Xi'an 家、屋
Wuhan 屋裡、家
Chengdu 屋頭、家
Yangzhou 家、家頭
Hefei 家
Cantonese Guangzhou 屋企
Hong Kong 屋企
Taishan 企
Gan Nanchang 屋裡
Hakka Meixian 屋下
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屋下
Liudui (S. Sixian) 屋下
Hsinchu (Hailu) 屋下
Dongshi (Dabu) 屋家
Zhuolan (Raoping) 屋下
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 屋下
Jin Taiyuan 家
Min Bei Jian'ou 厝
Min Dong Fuzhou 厝
Min Nan Xiamen 厝、兜
Quanzhou 厝、兜
Zhangzhou 厝、兜
Chaozhou 裡
Wu Suzhou 屋裡
Wenzhou 屋裡、屋底、底转
Xiang Changsha 屋裡
Shuangfeng 屋裡
Dialectal synonyms of 房子 (“house”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 屋、房
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 房子
Mandarin Beijing 房子
Taiwan 房子
Tianjin 房子
Jinan 房子、屋
Xi'an 房
Wuhan 屋、房子
Chengdu 房子
Yangzhou 房子
Hefei 屋、房子
Cantonese Guangzhou 屋
Hong Kong 屋
Taishan 屋
Gan Nanchang 房子、屋
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屋仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 屋仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 屋仔、屋
Dongshi (Dabu) 屋
Zhuolan (Raoping) 屋
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 屋
Jin Taiyuan 房子
Min Bei Jian'ou 厝
Min Dong Fuzhou 厝
Min Nan Xiamen 厝
Quanzhou 厝
Zhangzhou 厝
Taipei 厝
Penang 厝
Philippines (Manila) 厝
Chaozhou 厝
Wu Shanghai 房子
Suzhou 房子
Wenzhou 屋宕
Xiang Changsha 屋
Shuangfeng 屋

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 家

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

家

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
家
いえ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

/ihe1/: [ie] ← [iwe] ← [iɸe] ← [ipe], possibly from Proto-Altaic *ibe (compare Proto-Turkic *eb (“house”) (Turkish ev)).

Possibly related to 廬 (io, “temporary hut”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana いえ, rōmaji ie, historical hiragana いへ)

  1. a house
  2. one's own home
  3. a home; a household
  4. a family
    • 1996 September 15, Adachi, Mitsuru, “５×４Ｐ　第1話　お茶をにごす [5×4P Chapter 1: Tea-Bragging]”, in SHORT PROGRAMショート・プログラム [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 2 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 104:
      あ———
      A———
      Ah———
      どうしたの　サチコ？
      Dōshita no Sachiko?
      What is it, Sachiko?
      思 (おも)い出 (だ)した。うちのお父 (とう)さんだわ、あの人 (ひと)——
      Omoidashita. Uchi no otō-san da wa, ano hito——
      I remember now. That guy—— is my father
      あ——
      A——
      Oh——

Suffix[edit]

家 (hiragana か, rōmaji -ka)

  1. (as suffix) an expert, professional, performer

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
家
うち
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Cognate with 内 (uchi).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana うち, rōmaji uchi)

  1. a house
  2. one's house
Descendants[edit]

Suffix[edit]

家 (hiragana け, rōmaji -ke)

  1. a suffix representing relationship to a family
    平 (たいら)家 (け)
    taira-ke
    the Taira family

Etymology 3[edit]

A contraction of uchi → chi. Often following the genitive case marker no which contracts to n.

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana ち, rōmaji chi)

  1. house
    俺 (おれ)ん家 (ち)に来 (こ)ない？
    Ore n chi ni konai?
    Wanna come to my place?


Kanji in this term
家
や
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana や, rōmaji ya)

  1. house

Suffix[edit]

家 (hiragana や, rōmaji -ya)

  1. house of something, place where some business is conducted
  2. person who does that thing
See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

家 • (ga, go) (hangeul 가, 고)

  1. home; family; household

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

家 (hiragana やー, romaji yā)

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana やー, romaji yā)

  1. house

Derived terms[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

家 (gia, nhà)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni[edit]

Kanji[edit]

家 (hiragana だー, romaji dā)

Noun[edit]

家 (hiragana だー, romaji dā)

  1. house
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