家

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See also: 傢, 冢, and 冡
家 U+5BB6, 家
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB6
← 宵
[U+5BB5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 宷 →
[U+5BB7]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order
家-order.gif

Han character[edit]

家 (radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十一尸人 (JMSO), four-corner 30232, composition ⿱宀豕)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 286, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
  • Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 930, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+5BB6

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 家
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
家-oracle.svg 家-bronze.svg 家-seal.svg 家-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (家) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
家 *kraː
傢 *kraː
幏 *kraː, *kraːs
稼 *kraːs
嫁 *kraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraː): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 豕 (“pig”).

豕 is an abbreviation of 豭 (OC *kraː, “male pig, boar”) (Shuowen Jiezi), a homophone of 家 in Old Chinese. See 豭 for more on the glyph composition.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 家
Wikipedia has an article on:
• 家
一座居住有一家人的房屋

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ke - vernacular;
  • ka - literary.
  • Wu
    • Note: 1jia is literary.
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 家
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ²¹/
    Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕia²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕia³¹/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ 國～
    /ka⁵⁵/ 人～
    Chengdu /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Kunming /t͡ɕia̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑ³¹/
    Hefei /t͡ɕia²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕia¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
    /t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/ 娘～
    Hohhot /t͡ɕia³¹/
    /t͡ɕiaʔ/ 人～
    Wu Shanghai /ka⁵³/
    /t͡ɕia⁵³/
    Suzhou /kɑ⁵⁵/
    /t͡ɕiɑ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑ³³/
    Wenzhou /ko³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³¹/
    /ka³¹/
    Tunxi /kɔ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia³³/
    /ka³³/
    Xiangtan /kɒ³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kɑ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /ka⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /kɑ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /ka⁵³/
    Nanning /ka⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /ka⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ka⁵⁵/
    /ke⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ka⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ka⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ke³³/
    /ka³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ka²³/
    /kia²³/
    /kɛ²³/
    Rime
    Character 家
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 麻 (98)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古牙切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠa/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚa/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ka/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kaɨ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ka/
    Wang
    Li         		/ka/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ka/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiā
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 家
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiā
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kæ ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˤra/
    English household

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 家
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5919
    Phonetic
    component         		家
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		嘉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kraː/

    Definitions[edit]

    家

    1. home
      我的家就在這裡。 / 我的家就在这里。  ―  Wǒ de jiā jiù zài zhèlǐ.  ―  My home is here.
    2. house
    3. family; household
      家庭  ―  jiātíng  ―  family
      家族  ―  jiāzú  ―  clan; family
    4. (polite, for family member) my
    5. domesticated; domestic
    6. Classifier for families, businesses and companies.
    7. school of thought; philosophical school
      儒家  ―  Rújiā  ―  Confucian school
      道家  ―  Dàojiā  ―  Daoist School
    8. Suffix denoting a person with a certain occupation or social standing. -er
    9. Suffix denoting specialist in a certain activity or field. -ist; -er
      藝術家 / 艺术家  ―  yìshùjiā  ―  artist
      科學家 / 科学家  ―  kēxuéjiā  ―  scientist
    10. A surname​.
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 家
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 家
    Mandarin Beijing 家
    Taiwan 家
    Tianjin 家
    Jinan 家
    Xi'an 家、屋
    Wuhan 屋裡、家
    Chengdu 屋頭、家
    Yangzhou 家、家頭
    Hefei 家
    Cantonese Guangzhou 屋企
    Hong Kong 屋企
    Taishan 企
    Gan Nanchang 屋裡
    Hakka Meixian 屋下
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屋下
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 屋下
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 屋下
    Dongshi (Dabu) 屋家
    Zhuolan (Raoping) 屋下
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 屋下
    Jin Taiyuan 家
    Min Bei Jian'ou 厝
    Min Dong Fuzhou 厝
    Min Nan Xiamen 厝、兜
    Quanzhou 厝、兜
    Zhangzhou 厝、兜
    Penang 厝
    Philippines (Manila) 厝、兜
    Chaozhou 裡
    Wu Suzhou 屋裡
    Wenzhou 屋裡、屋底、底转
    Xiang Changsha 屋裡
    Shuangfeng 屋裡
    Dialectal synonyms of 房子 (“house”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 屋、房
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 房子
    Mandarin Beijing 房子
    Taiwan 房子
    Tianjin 房子
    Jinan 房子、屋
    Xi'an 房
    Wuhan 屋、房子
    Chengdu 房子
    Yangzhou 房子
    Hefei 屋、房子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 屋
    Hong Kong 屋
    Taishan 屋
    Gan Nanchang 房子、屋
    Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屋仔
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 屋仔
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 屋仔、屋
    Dongshi (Dabu) 屋
    Zhuolan (Raoping) 屋
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 屋
    Jin Taiyuan 房子
    Min Bei Jian'ou 厝
    Min Dong Fuzhou 厝
    Min Nan Xiamen 厝
    Quanzhou 厝
    Zhangzhou 厝
    Taipei 厝
    Penang 厝
    Philippines (Manila) 厝
    Chaozhou 厝
    Wu Shanghai 房子
    Suzhou 房子
    Wenzhou 屋宕
    Xiang Changsha 屋
    Shuangfeng 屋

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 家

    Etymology 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 家
    variant forms 價／价

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    家

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    家

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    家
    いえ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    /ihe1/: [ie] ← [iwe] ← [iɸe] ← [ipe], possibly from Proto-Altaic *ibe (compare Proto-Turkic *eb (“house”) (Turkish ev)).

    Possibly related to 廬 (io, “temporary hut”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    家 (hiragana いえ, rōmaji ie, historical hiragana いへ)

    1. a house
    2. one's own home
    3. a home; a household
    4. a family
      • 1996 September 15, Adachi, Mitsuru, “５×４Ｐ　第1話　お茶をにごす [5×4P Chapter 1: Tea-Bragging]”, in SHORT PROGRAMショート・プログラム [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 2 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 104:
        あ———
        A———
        Ah———
        どうしたの　サチコ？
        Dōshita no Sachiko?
        What is it, Sachiko?
        思 (おも)い出 (だ)した。うちのお父 (とう)さんだわ、あの人 (ひと)——
        Omoidashita. Uchi no otō-san da wa, ano hito——
        I remember now. That guy—— is my father
        あ——
        A——
        Oh——

    Suffix[edit]

    家 (hiragana か, rōmaji -ka)

    1. (as suffix) an expert, professional, performer

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    家
    うち
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Cognate with 内 (uchi).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    家 (hiragana うち, rōmaji uchi)

    1. a house
    2. one's house
    Descendants[edit]

    Suffix[edit]

    家 (hiragana け, rōmaji -ke)

    1. a suffix representing relationship to a family
      平 (たいら)家 (け)
      taira-ke
      the Taira family

    Etymology 3[edit]

    A contraction of uchi → chi. Often following the genitive case marker no which contracts to n.

    Noun[edit]

    家 (hiragana ち, rōmaji chi)

    1. house
      俺 (おれ)ん家 (ち)に来 (こ)ない？
      Ore n chi ni konai?
      Wanna come to my place?


    Kanji in this term
    家
    や
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    家 (hiragana や, rōmaji ya)

    1. house

    Suffix[edit]

    家 (hiragana や, rōmaji -ya)

    1. house of something, place where some business is conducted
    2. person who does that thing
    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    家 • (ga, go) (hangeul 가, 고)

    1. home; family; household

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    家 (hiragana やー, romaji yā)

    Compounds[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    家 (hiragana やー, romaji yā)

    1. house

    Derived terms[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    家 (gia, nhà)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    家 (hiragana だー, romaji dā)

    Noun[edit]

    家 (hiragana だー, romaji dā)

    1. house
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