家
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
家 (radical 40 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十一尸人 (JMSO), four-corner 30232, composition ⿱宀豕)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 286, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
- Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 930, character 15
- Unihan data for U+5BB6
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
家 |
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Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 家 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (家) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
家 | *kraː |
傢 | *kraː |
幏 | *kraː, *kraːs |
稼 | *kraːs |
嫁 | *kraːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraː): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 豕 (“pig”).
豕 is an abbreviation of 豭 (OC *kraː, “male pig, boar”) (Shuowen Jiezi), a homophone of 家 in Old Chinese. See 豭 for more on the glyph composition.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ
- Min Bei (KCR): gá
- Min Dong (BUC): gă
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): ka (T1); jia (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ
- Wade-Giles: chia1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jia
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯a̠⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄐㄧㄚ
- Wade-Giles: chia5
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .jia
- IPA (key): /d͡ʑ̥i̯a̠/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gaa1
- Yale: gā
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: ga1
- IPA (key): /kɑː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ
- Hakka Romanization System: ga´
- Hagfa Pinyim: ga1
- IPA: /ka²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gá
- IPA (key): /ka⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gă
- IPA (key): /ka⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- ke - vernacular;
- ka - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gê1 / ga1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke / ka
- IPA (key): /ke³³/, /ka³³/
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ka (T1); jia (T1)
- IPA (key): /ka̱⁵³/, /t͡ɕia̱⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
Variety | Location | 家 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕiɑ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕia²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕia²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕia²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕia²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕia³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ 國~ /ka⁵⁵/ 人~ |
|
Chengdu | /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕia̠⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕiɑ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕia²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕia¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/ /t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/ 娘~ |
|
Hohhot | /t͡ɕia³¹/ /t͡ɕiaʔ/ 人~ |
|
Wu | Shanghai | /ka⁵³/ /t͡ɕia⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /kɑ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑ⁵⁵/ |
|
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕiɑ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ko³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕia³¹/ /ka³¹/ |
Tunxi | /kɔ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕia³³/ /ka³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kɒ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kɑ⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ka⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kɑ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ka⁵³/ |
Nanning | /ka⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /ka⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /ka⁵⁵/ /ke⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ka⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ka⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Min Nan) | /ke³³/ /ka³³/ |
|
Haikou (Min Nan) | /ka²³/ /kia²³/ /kɛ²³/ |
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 家 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | II |
Fanqie | 古牙切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kˠa/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kᵚa/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ka/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kaɨ/ |
Li Rong |
/ka/ |
Wang Li |
/ka/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ka/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiā |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 家 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jiā |
Middle Chinese |
‹ kæ › |
Old Chinese |
/*kˤra/ |
English | household |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 家 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 5919 |
Phonetic component |
家 |
Rime group |
魚 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
嘉 |
Old Chinese |
/*kraː/ |
Definitions[edit]
家
- home
- house
- family; household
- (polite, for family member) my
- domesticated; domestic
- Classifier for families, businesses and companies.
- school of thought; philosophical school
- Suffix denoting a person with a certain occupation or social standing. -er
- Suffix denoting specialist in a certain activity or field. -ist; -er
- A surname.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map] | ||
---|---|---|
Variety | Location | Words |
Classical Chinese | 家 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 家 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 家 |
Taiwan | 家 | |
Tianjin | 家 | |
Jinan | 家 | |
Xi'an | 家、屋 | |
Wuhan | 屋裡、家 | |
Chengdu | 屋頭、家 | |
Yangzhou | 家、家頭 | |
Hefei | 家 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 屋企 |
Hong Kong | 屋企 | |
Taishan | 企 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 屋裡 |
Hakka | Meixian | 屋下 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屋下 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 屋下 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 屋下 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 屋家 | |
Zhuolan (Raoping) | 屋下 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 屋下 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 家 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 厝 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 厝 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 厝、兜 |
Quanzhou | 厝、兜 | |
Zhangzhou | 厝、兜 | |
Chaozhou | 裡 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 屋裡 |
Wenzhou | 屋裡、屋底、底转 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 屋裡 |
Shuangfeng | 屋裡 |
Dialectal synonyms of 房子 (“house”) [map] | ||
---|---|---|
Variety | Location | Words |
Classical Chinese | 屋、房 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 房子 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 房子 |
Taiwan | 房子 | |
Tianjin | 房子 | |
Jinan | 房子、屋 | |
Xi'an | 房 | |
Wuhan | 屋、房子 | |
Chengdu | 房子 | |
Yangzhou | 房子 | |
Hefei | 屋、房子 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 屋 |
Hong Kong | 屋 | |
Taishan | 屋 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 房子、屋 |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屋仔 |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 屋仔 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 屋仔、屋 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 屋 | |
Zhuolan (Raoping) | 屋 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 屋 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 房子 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 厝 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 厝 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 厝 |
Quanzhou | 厝 | |
Zhangzhou | 厝 | |
Taipei | 厝 | |
Penang | 厝 | |
Philippines (Manila) | 厝 | |
Chaozhou | 厝 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 房子 |
Suzhou | 房子 | |
Wenzhou | 屋宕 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 屋 |
Shuangfeng | 屋 |
Compounds[edit]
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Goon: け (ke, Jōyō); く (ku)
- Kan’on: か (ka, Jōyō); こ (ko)
- Kun: いえ (ie, 家, Jōyō)←いへ (ife, historical); や (ya, 家)←や (ya, historical); うち (uchi, 家)←うち (uti, historical)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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家 |
いえ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
/ihe1/: [ie] ← [iwe] ← [iɸe] ← [ipe], possibly from Proto-Altaic *ibe (compare Proto-Turkic *eb (“house”) (Turkish ev)).
Possibly related to 廬 (io, “temporary hut”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
家 (hiragana いえ, rōmaji ie, historical hiragana いへ)
- a house
- one's own home
- a home; a household
-
Yamazaki, Kore, “第1篇 April showers bring May flowers. [Composition 1: April showers bring May flowers.]”, in 魔法使いの嫁 [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 17:
- ここが僕の家 そして今日から君が暮らす家でもある
- Koko ga boku no ie Soshite kyō kara kimi ga kurasu ie de mo aru
- This is my home. From now on, you will live here, too.
- ここが僕の家 そして今日から君が暮らす家でもある
-
- a family
-
1996 September 15, Adachi, Mitsuru, “5×4P 第1話 お茶をにごす [5×4P Chapter 1: Tea-Bragging]”, in SHORT PROGRAM [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 2 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 104:
- あ———
- A———
- Ah———
- Dōshita no Sachiko?
- What is it, Sachiko?
- Omoidashita. Uchi no otō-san da wa, ano hito——
- I remember now. That guy—— is my father
- A——
- Oh——
- あ———
-
Suffix[edit]
- (as suffix) an expert, professional, performer
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
家 |
うち Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with 内 (uchi).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a house
- one's house
Descendants[edit]
- English: hooch
Suffix[edit]
- a suffix representing relationship to a family
- 平家
- taira-ke
- the Taira family
- 平家
Etymology 3[edit]
A contraction of uchi → chi. Often following the genitive case marker no which contracts to n.
Noun[edit]
- house
- 俺ん家に来ない?
- Ore n chi ni konai?
- Wanna come to my place?
- 俺ん家に来ない?
Kanji in this term |
---|
家 |
や Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- house
Suffix[edit]
- house of something, place where some business is conducted
- person who does that thing
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- home; family; household
Compounds[edit]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Noun[edit]
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