王
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
王 (radical 96, 玉+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一土 (MG), four-corner 10104, composition ⿱一土)
- Shuōwén Jiězì radical №5
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 727, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20823
- Dae Jaweon: page 1137, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1099, character 10
- Unihan data for U+738B
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
王 | |
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| variant forms | 𠙻 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
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| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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| Old Chinese | |
| 皇 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 惶 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 遑 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 堭 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 煌 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 餭 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 騜 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 艎 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 隍 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 湟 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 徨 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 篁 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 蝗 | *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs |
| 凰 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 偟 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 媓 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 韹 | *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 葟 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 皝 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 汪 | *qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ |
| 尪 | *qʷaːŋ |
| 迋 | *kʷaŋʔ, *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs |
| 逛 | *kʷaŋʔ |
| 誑 | *kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs |
| 匡 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 筐 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 框 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 眶 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 誆 | *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs |
| 邼 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 恇 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 劻 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 洭 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 軭 | *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ |
| 狂 | *ɡʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs |
| 軖 | *ɡʷaŋ |
| 鵟 | *ɡʷaŋ |
| 俇 | *ɡʷaŋʔ |
| 王 | *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs |
| 蚟 | *ɢʷaŋ |
| 彺 | *ɢʷaŋ |
| 旺 | *ɢʷaŋs |
| 諻 | *qʰʷraːŋ |
| 喤 | *qʰʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 瑝 | *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 锽 | |
| 揘 | *ɡʷaŋ |
The traditional interpretation is that the three horizontal strokes represent Heaven, Man and Earth. The vertical stroke is the king, the one who connects them together. Older representation of the character shows a man like 大 or 天 above a horizontal stroke.
The modern interpretation is that the character is a pictogram (象形) of either an axe or a crown, one of two symbols of the king's power. A ceremonial axe was kept near the throne, and was used for performing rituals in ancient China.
Compare the unrelated 玉 (“jade”) and 主 (“master”).
Etymology 1[edit]
Unknown.
Speculations exist about 王's connection to 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ) "lame" (Zuo) and 狂 (OC *ɡʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs) "mad", based on theories about the connection between ancient Chinese kingship and shamanism (Chen 1936, Chang 1983, Keightley 1995).
Schuessler (2007) provides two etymologies:
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-baŋ (“strength, power”), cognate with Tibetan [script needed] (dbang, “strength, power”), Burmese [script needed] (aŋ, “strength, maturity”), and Thakali [script needed] (⁴paŋ, “strength”). However, Schuessler notes the mismatch between OC *w- vs. Tibetan *b- (unless *dw- became db-; for possible *b-~*w- variation see 花).
- Of possible Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *waŋ; *waaŋ (“to go round (v.), enclosure (n.)”), whence Khmer វាំង (vĕəng, “palace”) and Old Khmer hlūṅa (“title of mandarinate”)), for in a bronze inscription 王 refers to a place, not the Zhou king (Shaughnessy, 1991). The semantic shift from "palace" to "king" parallels Egyptian pr ꜥꜣ (“pharaoh”, literally “palace, from pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”)”)
王's connection to 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ) "sovereign", as proposed by Boodberg (1980), is unclear.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
王
- king; monarch
- champion
- † grand; great
- † (of feudal monarchs) to see the emperor
- A surname: Wang; Wong (Hong Kong)
Descendants[edit]
Others:
- → Manchu: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang)
- → Mongolian: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) / ван (van)
- → Tagalog: Ong, Wong
- → Thai: อ๋อง (ɔ̌ng)
- → Zhuang: vuengz
Compounds[edit]
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Etymology 2[edit]
王 (OC *ɢʷaŋ) with *-s suffix.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
王
- † to reign; to rule
- † Alternative form of 旺 (wàng, “flourishing; prosperous”).
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- “Entry #1229”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)←わう (wau, historical)
- Kan-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)←わう (wau, historical)
- Kun: おおきみ (ōkimi, 王)←おほきみ (ofokimi, historical); きみ (kimi, 王)
Etymology[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
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| 王 |
| おう Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 王 (hjwang, “king”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
王 (hiragana おう, rōmaji ō, historical hiragana わう)
- a king
- 1999 March 6, “
緑 樹 の霊 王 [Spirit King of Greenery]”, inStarter Box (in Japanese), Konami:- 青々と生い茂る木に囲まれて暮らす、森を治める若き王。
- Aoao to oishigeru ki ni kakomarete kurasu, mori o osameru wakaki ō.
- The youthful king of the forest, living within thriving evergreen trees.
- 青々と生い茂る木に囲まれて暮らす、森を治める若き王。
- 1999 August 26, “
紅 葉 の女 王 [Queen of Autumn Leaves]”, in BOOSTER 4 (in Japanese), Konami:- 鮮やかな紅葉に囲まれて暮らす、緑樹の霊王のお妃。
- Azayaka na kōyō ni kakomarete kurasu, Ryokuju no Reiō no ohi.
- The consort of the Spirit King of Greenery, living within vibrant autumn leaves.
- 鮮やかな紅葉に囲まれて暮らす、緑樹の霊王のお妃。
See also[edit]
Affix[edit]
王 (hiragana おう, rōmaji ō, historical hiragana わう)
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Noun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
王: Hán Việt readings: vương (
王: Nôm readings: vương[1][2][3][4][5][6], vướng[1][7][5]
- Hán tự form of vương (“king”).
- Hán tự form of Vương (“surname; male given name”).
- Nôm form of vướng (“to be entangled in; to be involved in”).
- Hán tự form of vượng (“to reign”).
Compounds[edit]
- 王家 (vương gia)
- 王后 (vương hậu)
- 王國 (vương quốc)
- 王朝 (vương triều)
- 王子 (vương tử)
- 海王星 (Hải Vương tinh)
- 女王 (nữ vương)
- 封王 (phong vương)
- 國王 (quốc vương)
References[edit]
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Bei lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Bei nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Dungan adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Min Bei adjectives
- Min Dong adjectives
- Min Nan adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Dungan verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Min Bei verbs
- Min Dong verbs
- Min Nan verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Min Bei proper nouns
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- Min Nan proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
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- Chinese terms with usage examples
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Chinese surnames
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 1 kanji
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おおきみ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading おほきみ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading きみ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading おう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading わう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading おう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading わう
- Japanese terms spelled with 王 read as おう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
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- Korean nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Han tu
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- Vietnamese Nom
