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帝

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
帝 U+5E1D, 帝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E1D
← 帜
[U+5E1C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 帞 →
[U+5E1E]

Translingual

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Han character

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帝 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜月中月 (YBLB), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱⿳亠丷冖巾)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 330, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8865
  • Dae Jaweon: page 636, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 738, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5E1D

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 帝
alternative forms 𢂇
𠫦

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (帝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
膪 *rtaːɡs, *rteːɡs
揥 *tʰeds, *teː
腣 *teː, *teːɡs
諦 *teːɡs
偙 *teːɡs
渧 *teːɡs
帝 *teːɡs
楴 *tʰeːɡs
啼 *deː
蹄 *deː
締 *deː, *deːɡs
崹 *deː
鶙 *deː
禘 *deːɡs
啻 *hljeɡs
嫡 *rteɡ, *teːɡ
摘 *rteːɡ, *tʰeːɡ
謫 *rteːɡ
讁 *rteːɡ
擿 *deɡ
蹢 *deɡ, *teːɡ
適 *tjeɡ, *hljeɡ, *teːɡ
啇 *teːɡ
滴 *teːɡ
鏑 *teːɡ
甋 *teːɡ
樀 *teːɡ, *deːɡ
敵 *deːɡ

Pictogram (象形). Possible interpretations:

  • The sepal of a flower; original form of 蒂 (OC *teːds, “stem; peduncle”).
  • Tied-up firewood perhaps used as a sacrifice; original form of 禘 (OC *deːɡs).
  • An altar; original form of 禘 (OC *deːɡs).
  • An asterism joining three stars of Ursa Major with three of Ursa Minor, together with Thuban and Kochab. Around 2000 BCE the three top-to-bottom lines would have crossed at the north celestial pole, where the god 帝 dwelt (Pankenier, 2004).

The character's first attested use is for “God of Heaven”; it was later used as a title for emperors. Shuowen erroneously interprets the character to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *teːɡs): semantic 丄 (“up; above”) + phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *teɣ (“God”); compare Tibetan ཐེ (the, “celestial gods of the Bon religion”), Jingpho [script needed] (mə³¹-tai³³, “god of the sky”), Proto-Bodo-Garo *mɯ-Dai⁴ (“spirit; god”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2011). Cognate with 禘 (OC *deːɡs, “a kind of sacrifice”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, Sagart (1999) derives it from a root *tek (“to be master over; to rule over”), whence also 適 (OC *ᵃtek, “to rule; to control”), 嫡 (OC *ᵃtek, “son of principal wife”).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 帝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 都計切
Baxter tejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/teiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/teiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/teiH/
Wang
Li 		/tieiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 帝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁek-s/
English God

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 帝
Reading # 1/1
No. 2313
Phonetic
component 		帝
Rime
group 		賜
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		帝
Old
Chinese 		/*teːɡs/
Notes 甲金文象根啇非朿聲

Definitions

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帝

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) God of Heaven
  2. emperor; sovereign
  3. short for 帝國主義／帝国主义 (dìguózhǔyì, “imperialism”)
    反帝鬥爭／反帝斗争  ―  fǎndì dòuzhēng  ―  anti-imperialism struggle

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 帝
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
帝󠄁
帝+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
帝󠄃
帝+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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帝

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. sovereign

Readings

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  • Go-on: たい (tai)
  • Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
  • Kun: みかど (mikado, 帝)
  • Nanori: ただ (tada)、みかど (mikado)

Compounds

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Derived terms

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
帝
みかど
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
御門

Pronunciation

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Noun

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帝(みかど) • (mikado) 

  1. mikado (emperor of Japan)
  2. emperor

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 760 (paper), page 430 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 487 (paper), page 256 (digital)
  3. ^ According to Jinnō Shōtōki (神皇正統記) by Kitabatake Chikafusa (北畠親房), 1339, 女帝 is pronounced as によたい (nyotai).
  4. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 帝 (MC tejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎨〯 (tyěy) (Yale: tyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

帝 (eumhun 임금 제 (imgeum je))

  1. hanja form? of 제 (“emperor”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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帝: Hán Nôm readings: đế, đấy, đê, để, đí, đó

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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