제

제 U+C81C, 제 HANGUL SYLLABLE JE Composition: ㅈ + ㅔ ← 젛 [U+C81B] Hangul Syllables 젝 → [U+C81D]

제젝젞젟젠젡젢 젣젤젥젦젧젨젩 젪젫젬젭젮젯젰 젱젲젳젴젵젶젷
저 ←	→ 져

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Korean 제〯 (cě-y).

Equivalent to a contraction of 저 (jeo) +‎ -이 (-i, nominative particle). When the -가 (-ga) allomorph of the nominative particle was introduced, it was attached to the already marked form of 저 (jeo), producing this new allomorphy.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕe̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [제]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	je
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	je
McCune–Reischauer?	che
Yale Romanization?	cey

Pronoun

제 • (je)

1. allomorph of 저 (jeo, first-person singular polite pronoun; third-person plain reflexive pronoun) before -가 (-ga, nominative suffix)

   선생님, 제가 그랬습니다. ― Seonsaengnim, je-ga geuraetseumnida. ― Teacher, it was I who did that.

   그는 제가 하고 싶은 것만 한다.

   Geu-neun je-ga hago sipeun geon-man handa.

   He only does things that he himself desires.

Alternative forms

• 지 (ji, “oneself”) — proscribed

Etymology 2

From Middle Korean 제 (cèy).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕe̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [제]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	je
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	je
McCune–Reischauer?	che
Yale Romanization?	cey

Determiner

제 • (je)

1. contraction of 저의 (jeo-ui): my; one's (own), (by extension, in compounds) proper, fitting

Derived terms

• 제가끔 (jegakkeum)
• 제각각 (jegakgak)
• 제각기 (jegakgi)
• 제것 (jegeot)
• 제격 (jegyeok)
• 제고장 (jegojang)
• 제곱 (jegop)
• 제구실 (jegusil)
• 제깐에 (jekkane)
• 제대로 (jedaero)
• 제때 (jettae)
• 제멋 (jemeot)
• 제멋대로 (jemeotdaero)
• 제명 (jemyeong)
• 제물 (jemul)
• 제물에 (jemure)
• 제밑동생 (jemitdongsaeng)
• 제바닥 (jebadak)
• 제바람 (jebaram)
• 제부수 (jebusu)
• 제붙이 (jebuchi)
• 제사날로 (jesanallo)
• 제살붙이 (jesalbuchi)
• 제시간 (jesigan)
• 제자루칼 (jejarukal)
• 제자리 (jejari)
• 제잡이 (jejabi)
• 제정신 (jejeongsin)
• 제턱 (jeteok)
• 제판 (jepan)
• 제풀에 (jepure)

Etymology 3

From Middle Korean 제〮 (céy).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕe̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [제]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	je
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	je
McCune–Reischauer?	che
Yale Romanization?	cey

Adverb

제 • (je)

1. contraction of 적에 (jeog-e): (literary, possibly dated) when

Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 題.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕe̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [제]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	je
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	je
McCune–Reischauer?	che
Yale Romanization?	cey

Noun

제 • (je) (hanja 題)

1. (written) short for 제목(題目) (jemok, “title”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 題 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (題, je).

Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 祭.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕe̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [제(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	je
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	je
McCune–Reischauer?	che
Yale Romanization?	cēy

Noun

제 • (je) (hanja 祭)

1. sacrificial rites in honor of an ancestor or god

   Synonym: 제사(祭祀) (jesa)

   제를 지내다 ― je-reul jinaeda ― to perform rites

Suffix

—제 • (-je) (hanja 祭)

1. festival; rite, ceremony

   ‎예술(藝術) (yesul, “art”) + ‎-제(祭) (-je) → ‎예술제(藝術祭) (yesulje, “art festival”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 祭 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (祭, je).

See also

• Category Korean terms suffixed with -제 (祭) not found

Etymology 6

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 뎌ᅌᅦ (Yale: tyèngèy).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕe̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [제]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	je
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	je
McCune–Reischauer?	che
Yale Romanization?	cey

Pronoun

제 • (je)

1. (dated or dialectal) there

   Coordinate terms: (proximal) 예 (ye, “here”), (mesial) 게 (ge, “there”)

Etymology 7

Sino-Korean word from 第.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕe̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [제]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	je
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	je
McCune–Reischauer?	che
Yale Romanization?	cey

Prefix

제— • (je-) (hanja 第)

1. (prefix marking ordinals) -th, -st, -nd

   제 1과 ― je il-gwa ― first lesson

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 第 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (第, je).

Etymology 8

Sino-Korean word from 諸.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕe̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [제]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	je
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	je
McCune–Reischauer?	che
Yale Romanization?	cey

Prefix

제— • (je-) (hanja 諸)

1. every

   유럽의 제언어 ― Yureob-ui je-eoneo ― the languages of Europe

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 諸 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (諸, je).

Etymology 9

Sino-Korean word from 製.

Suffix

—제 • (-je) (hanja 製)

1. -made

   ‎한국(韓國) (Han'guk, “Korea”) + ‎-제(製) (-je) → ‎한국제(韓國製) (han'gukje, “made in Korea”)

2. made of

   ‎금속(金屬) (geumsok, “metal”) + ‎-제(製) (-je) → ‎금속제(金屬製) (geumsokje, “made of metal”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 製 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (製, je).

See also

• Category Korean terms suffixed with -제 (製) not found

Etymology 10

Sino-Korean word from 劑.

Suffix

—제 • (-je) (hanja 劑)

1. agent; medicine

   ‎진통(鎭痛) (jintong, “reducing pain”) + ‎-제(劑) (-je) → ‎진통제(鎭痛劑) (jintongje, “pain killer / analgesic”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 劑 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (劑, je).

See also

• Korean terms suffixed with -제 (劑)

  거담제

  세척제

  소화제

  영양제

  진정제

  진통제

  청량제

  항암제

Etymology 11

Sino-Korean word from 制.

Suffix

—제 • (-je) (hanja 制)

1. system; rule

   ‎양당(兩黨) (yangdang, “two / both parties”) + ‎-제(制) (-je) → ‎양당제(兩黨制) (yangdangje, “bipartisan system”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 制 for Sino-Korean compounds of 제 (制, je).

See also

• Korean terms suffixed with -제 (制)

  군주제

  연좌제

Etymology 12

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

제 • (je)

More information

1. 諸:

   (MC reading: 諸 (MC tsyo|tsyae))

2. 題:

   (MC reading: 題 (MC dej|dejH))

3. 祭:

   (MC reading: 祭 (MC tsjejH|tsreajH))

4. 齊:

   (MC reading: 齊 (MC dzej|dzejH))

5. 劑:

   (MC reading: 劑 (MC tsjwe|dzejH))

6. 制:

   (MC reading: 制 (MC tsyejH))

7. 除:

   (MC reading: 除 (MC drjo|drjoH))

8. 弟:

   (MC reading: 弟 (MC dejX|dejH))

9. 臍:

   (MC reading: 臍 (MC dzej))

10. 製:

    (MC reading: 製 (MC tsyejH))

11. 際:

    (MC reading: 際 (MC tsjejH))

12. 薺:

    (MC reading: 薺 (MC dzij|dzejX))

13. 第:

    (MC reading: 第 (MC dejH))

Middle Korean

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sə́j/

Adverb

제〮 (céy)

1. contraction of 저-긔〮 (cek-úy, literally “at the time”): when
   • 1447, Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가) ^[1]:

     셤〯 안해〮 자〮시ᇙ 제〮 한〮비〮 사ᄋᆞ〮리로ᄃᆡ〮 뷔〯어ᅀᅡ〮 ᄌᆞ〮ᄆᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮

     syěm ànháy cásìlq céy hánpí sàólì-lwòtóy pwǔyèzá cómòníngìtá

     When [General Yi] stationed [his troops] on [Wihwa] Island, heavy rain fell for three days; only after [they] cleared themselves away from it, the [island] was submerged.

Descendants

• Korean: 제 (je)