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除

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
除 U+9664, 除
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9664
← 陣
[U+9663] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 陥 →
[U+9665]

Translingual

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Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

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除 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人一木 (NLOMD), four-corner 78294, composition ⿰阝余)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1352, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1854, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4132, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9664

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 除

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 除
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
敘 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'a, *l'as): semantic 阜 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).

Pronunciation 1

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Rime
Character 除
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直魚切
Baxter drjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ȡiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/ȡĭo/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 除
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ drjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l]<r>a/
English remove; get rid of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 除
Reading # 1/2
No. 15788
Phonetic
component 		余
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		除
Old
Chinese 		/*l'a/

Definitions

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除

  1. to remove; to get rid of; to exclude
  2. (archaic) to be assigned to a new post; to stop serving in one post, and begin serving in another
  3. (literary, or in compounds) except
  4. (arithmetic) to divide; division
  5. (arithmetic, informal) to be divided by
  6. (Cantonese) to take off (clothes or accessories); to peel off; to strip
    除衫 [Cantonese]  ―  ceoi4 saam1 [Jyutping]  ―  to undress (literally, “to take off clothes”)
    除鞋 [Cantonese]  ―  ceoi4 haai4 [Jyutping]  ―  to take off shoes
  7. (literary, or in compounds) steps (on a flight of stairs)
  8. a surname, Chu
Usage notes
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  • A除以B means "A divided by B". A除B means "B divided by A", but in colloquial speech is the same as A除以B.
    • 除 is a transitive verb, and A除B is understood as 用A除B or 以A除B (literally "to divide B by A"), the latter of which is attested in Literary Chinese and likely gave rise to 除以 (chúyǐ). This contrasts with 減 / 减 (jiǎn), which is an intransitive verb and A減B means "A decreases by B", i.e. "A minus B".
Synonyms
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  • (to remove):
  • (to take off):
Dialectal synonyms of 脫 (“to take off (clothes)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 脫, 褪
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 脫, 褪
Taiwan 脫
Harbin 脫
Malaysia 脫
Singapore 脫
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 脫, 褪
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 脫
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 脫
Xi'an 脫
Xining 脫
Xuzhou 脫
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 脫
Lanzhou 脫
Ürümqi 脫
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 脫
Wuhan 脫
Guiyang 脫
Guilin 脫
Liuzhou 脫, 褪, 解
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 脫
Yangzhou 脫, 褪
Hefei 脫, 褪
Cantonese Guangzhou 除, 脫
Hong Kong 除, 剝, 解
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 剝
Macau 剝
Guangzhou (Panyu) 除
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 脫
Guangzhou (Conghua) 除, 脫
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 除
Foshan 除
Foshan (Shunde) 除
Foshan (Sanshui) 除
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 除
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 剝
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 剝
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 剝
Zhuhai (Doumen) 剝
Jiangmen (Baisha) 除, 剝
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 除
Taishan 脫
Kaiping (Chikan) 脫
Enping (Niujiang) 脫
Heshan (Yayao) 除
Dongguan 脫, 除
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 剝
Yangjiang 褪
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 除
Penang (Guangfu) 除
Singapore (Guangfu) 除
Gan Nanchang 脫
Lichuan 脫
Pingxiang 推, 剝, 脫
Hakka Meixian 脫
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 脫
Dongguan (Qingxi) 剝
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 剝
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) 脫
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 剝
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 剝
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 脫
Yudu 脫
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 脫
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 脫
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 脫
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 脫
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 脫
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 脫
Huizhou Jixi 脫, 褪
Jin Taiyuan 脫
Xinzhou 脫
Northern Min Jian'ou 褪
Songxi 褪
Jianyang 褪
Eastern Min Fuzhou 褪
Gutian 褪
Ningde 褪
Zhouning 褪
Fuding 褪
Southern Min Xiamen 褪
Quanzhou 褪
Jinjiang 褪
Yongchun 褪
Zhangzhou 褪
Taipei 褪
New Taipei (Sanxia) 褪
Kaohsiung 褪
Yilan 褪
Changhua (Lukang) 褪
Taichung 褪
Tainan 褪
Hsinchu 褪
Kinmen 褪
Penghu (Magong) 褪
Penang (Hokkien) 褪
Singapore (Hokkien) 褪
Manila (Hokkien) 褪
Longyan 脫
Datian 褪
Chaozhou 褪
Shantou 褪
Jieyang 褪
Singapore (Teochew) 褪
Leizhou 褪
Haikou 解
Puxian Min Putian 褪
Central Min Yong'an 脫
Sanming (Sanyuan) 脫
Sanming (Shaxian) 脫
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 剝
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 剝
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 脫
Wu Shanghai 脫
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Suzhou 脫, 褪
Wuxi 脫
Danyang 脫
Hangzhou 脫
Ningbo 脫
Wenzhou 脫
Jinhua 脫, 褪
Xiang Changsha 脫
Loudi 脫
Shuangfeng 脫
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of “to divide”): 乘 (chéng)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 除
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 遟倨切
Baxter drjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖɨə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/ȡiɔH/
Wang
Li 		/ȡĭoH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zyu6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 除
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ drjoH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lra-s/
English pass away

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 除
Reading # 2/2
No. 15793
Phonetic
component 		余
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		箸
Old
Chinese 		/*l'as/

Definitions

[edit]

除

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

[edit]
  • “除”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “除”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 139.

Japanese

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Kanji

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除

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. remove
  2. except
  3. (mathematics) divide

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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除 (eumhun 덜 제 (deol je))

  1. hanja form? of 제 (“remove”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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除: Hán Việt readings: trừ[1][2][3]
除: Nôm readings: chừa[1][2][3][4], chừ[1][2][3][4], chờ[1][2][3][4], giờ[1][2][3], trừ[1][2][3], dờ[1][2], hờ[3][4], khừ[3][4], xờ[3][4], thờ[1], dơ[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of trừ (“to eliminate; to exclude”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of chừa

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Hồ (1976).
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