茶

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See also: 苶 and 荼
茶 U+8336, 茶
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8336
← 茵
[U+8335]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 茷 →
[U+8337]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

茶 (radical 140 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿人木 (TOD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿳艹𠆢朩(GV) or ⿳艹𠆢木(HTJK))

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1029, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30915
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1488, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3207, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8336

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 茶
Wikipedia has an article on:
• 茶

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
叙 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rlaː): semantic 艸 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).

茶 originates as a graphical modification of archaic 荼 (OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː, “bitter plant”), used for “tea” in classical sources.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf; tea”), possibly originally borrowed from Proto-Loloish *la¹ (“tea”), as tea may have originated from Sichuan, where the native Yi people speak Loloish languages (Sagart, 1999). Alternatively, it may be a semantic extension of 荼 (OC *l'aː, “bitter plant”) (Qiu, 1988).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • tê/têe - vernacular;
  • tâ, chhâ - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 茶
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰa³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰa²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰa²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰa⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰa²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰa³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰa²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰa̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰa¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sɑ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰa³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zo²³/
Suzhou /zo¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zɑ²¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡zo³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sa¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zɒ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɑ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰa¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰa²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰa²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰa²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ta³⁵/
/te³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ta⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ta³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /te⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdɛ³¹/
Rime
Character 茶
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 宅加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖˠa/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /ȡa/
Wang
Li		 /ȡa/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chá
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 茶
Reading # 1/1
No. 15747
Phonetic
component		 余
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 𡨀
Old
Chinese		 /*rlaː/
Notes 俗𣘻字，荼轉註分化字

Definitions[edit]

茶

  1. tea (plant, leaves)
  2. tea (beverage made by infusing tea leaves in hot water)
  3. beverage (in general)
  4. (obsolete) a moment (the time it takes to drink a cup of tea)
  5. (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Wu) boiled or boiling water

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 茶 (“tea (drink)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 茶、檟、蔎、茗、荈
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 茶
Mandarin Beijing 茶
Taiwan 茶
Harbin 茶
Jinan 茶
Muping 茶
Luoyang 茶
Jiedian 茶
Xi'an 茶
Xining 茶
Xuzhou 茶、茶葉茶
Yinchuan 茶
Lanzhou 茶
Ürümqi 茶
Wuhan 茶
Chengdu 茶
Guiyang 茶
Liuzhou 茶
Yangzhou 茶、茶葉茶
Nanjing 茶
Hefei 茶
Nantong 茶葉茶
Cantonese Guangzhou 茶
Hong Kong 茶
Dongguan 茶
Hong Kong (Weitou) 夷茶
Taishan 茶
Yangjiang 茶
Kuala Lumpur 茶
Gan Nanchang 茶、茶葉茶
Lichuan 茶
Pingxiang 茶
Hakka Meixian 茶
Yudu 茶
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 茶
Liudui (S. Sixian) 茶
Hsinchu (Hailu) 茶
Dongshi (Dabu) 茶
Zhuolan (Raoping) 茶
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 茶
Hong Kong 茶葉茶
Senai 茶
Huizhou Jixi 茶
Jin Taiyuan 茶
Min Bei Jian'ou 茶
Min Dong Fuzhou 茶
Fuqing 茶
Matsu 茶
Min Nan Xiamen 茶
Quanzhou 茶
Zhangzhou 茶
Chaozhou 茶
Johor Bahru 茶
Haikou 茶
Leizhou 茶
Pinghua Nanning 茶
Wu Shanghai 茶葉茶
Suzhou 茶、茶葉茶
Hangzhou 茶
Wenzhou 茶、茶葉茶
Chongming 茶葉茶
Danyang 茶、茶葉茶
Jinhua 茶
Ningbo 茶、茶葉茶
Xiang Changsha 茶、茶葉茶
Shuangfeng 茶
Loudi 茶
Dialectal synonyms of 開水 (“boiled water”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 開水
Mandarin Beijing 開水
Taiwan 開水
Tianjin 開水
Jinan 開水
Xi'an 開水
Wuhan 開水
Chengdu 開水
Yangzhou 開水、茶
Hefei 開水
Cantonese Guangzhou 滾水、茶
Hong Kong 滾水
Taishan 滾水
Yangjiang 滾水
Gan Nanchang 開水、茶
Hakka Meixian 滾水
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 滾水
Liudui (S. Sixian) 滾水
Hsinchu (Hailu) 滾水
Dongshi (Dabu) 滾水
Zhuolan (Raoping) 滾水
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 滾水
Jin Taiyuan 開水
Min Bei Jian'ou 滾湯、開水
Min Dong Fuzhou 開水、滾湯
Min Nan Xiamen 滾水
Quanzhou 滾水
Zhangzhou 滾水
Taipei 白茶、滾水
Kaohsiung 滾水
Tainan 滾水
Taichung 滾水
Hsinchu 滾水
Lukang 滾水
Sanxia 滾水
Yilan 滾水
Kinmen 滾水
Magong 滾水
Chaozhou 滾水
Wu Shanghai 開水、茶水
Suzhou 開水、茶
Wenzhou 開水、茶湯
Xiang Changsha 開水、茶
Shuangfeng 開水

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 茶

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (茶):

Others:

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

茶

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. tea

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
茶 (cha): a cup of tea.
Kanji in this term
茶
ちゃ
Grade: 2
kan’yōon

From various dialects of Middle Chinese 茶 (/d̠ʲa/). Compare modern Mandarin reading chá, Hakka chhà, Cantonese caa4.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

茶 (hiragana ちゃ, rōmaji cha)

  1. tea (not used in isolation in modern Japanese)
  2. brown

Usage notes[edit]

This term is not used on its own in modern Japanese. For the tea sense, this is used either with the honorific prefix お (o-), or in a compound such as 茎茶 (kukicha, literally “stem tea”) or 緑茶 (ryokucha, “green tea”).

  • お茶 (ちゃ)はいかがですか。
    Ocha wa ikaga desuka.
    How about some tea? (Would you like some tea?)

For the brown sense, this is used with the color suffix 色 (-iro), as in 茶色 (chairo, “brown”, literally “tea color”).

Synonyms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

茶 • (da, cha) (hangeul 다, 차, revised da, cha, McCune-Reischauer ta, ch'a, Yale ta, cha)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

茶 (trà, chè)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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