色

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See also: 巴

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
色-order.gif

Etymology[edit]

Ideogrammic compound (會意): semantic 人 + semantic 卪

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 139 色

色 (radical 139 色+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓日山 (NAU), four-corner 27717)

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1014, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30602
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1473, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3071, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8272

Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 色

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (色, reconstructed)
Character (色), Pronunciation 1/1

Initial: 生 (21)
Final: 職
Division: III

Openness: Open
Tone: Checked (Ø)

 Fanqie: 所力切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/ʃɨk̚/ /ʂi̯ək̚/ /ʃiək̚/ /ʃɨk̚/ /ʂik̚/ /ʃĭək̚/ /ʃiek̚/
Old Chinese pronunciation (色, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
色 sè ‹ srik › /*s.rək/ color; countenance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
色 10989 色 職 0 色 /*srɯɡ/

Definitions[edit]

色

  1. color, tint, hue, shade
    顏色 / 颜色  ―  yánsè  ―  color
  2. look; expression
  3. kind; sort
    貨色 / 货色  ―  huòsè  ―  goods; stuff; trash; rubbish; quality of goods; specification
  4. feminine charm, beauty
    姿色  ―  zīsè  ―  good looks (of women)
  5. sexual; lewd
    色情  ―  sèqíng  ―  pornography; sex
  6. theatrical role
  7. metallic content

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Stroke order
色-bw.png

Kanji[edit]

See also:
色

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
いろ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Originally referred to kin, indicating siblings sharing the same mother.[1] Later came to indicate feelings of familial love.[1] Apparently this then evolved to refer to romantic love, and by extension sex, or by alternate extension, female beauty. Then by further extension, this came to refer to beauty in general, and then colorfulness, and finally color.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

色 (hiragana いろ, romaji iro)

  1. color
  2. the metaphorical color or mood
    1. one's facial coloring or expression
    2. the shape of one's face or appearance; more specifically, beautiful looks or a beautiful figure
    3. lively elegance, enjoyable or interesting charm
    4. apparent thoughtfulness, warmheartedness
    5. the feeling or mood of a thing
    6. the tenor or timber of a voice or sound
    7. in Noh, a section that is chanted at a medium pace; alternately, a decorative poetic section
    8. in 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, “puppet show narrative”), a lively section that is neither strictly dialog nor narration, but has many elements of dialog
    9. when playing the koto, pushing on a string with the fingers of the left hand to change the pitch of a note, or for vibrato
  3. something related to romantic or sexual love, particularly between genders
    1. the emotions or circumstances of attraction between genders
    2. extramarital relations, an affair
    3. an extramarital lover
    4. a prostitute
    5. a red-light district
  4. the type or kind of something
  5. (informal, slang) various specific kinds of color:
    1. (informal, slang, woman's word) lipstick or rouge
    2. (informal, slang) soy sauce
    3. (informal, slang) paint
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from 色 (iro, “color”)
Terms derived from 色 (iro, “kind or type”)
Related terms[edit]
Terms related to 色 (iro, “color”)

Adjective[edit]

色 (-na inflection, hiragana いろ, romaji iro)

  1. (archaic) of exceptional beauty of form or appearance
    • Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
      いろなる娘 (むすめ)どもゐなみて
      ironaru musume domo winamite
      beautiful girls all in a row
  2. (archaic) knowledgeable about lovemaking, sensual; lascivious, lecherous
    • Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
      越前守 (えちぜんもり)色 (いろ)なる人 (ひと)にて
      echizenmori ironaru hito ni te
      Echizenmori was a man who liked the girls / had quite the libido
  3. (archaic) elegant, tasteful, refined
    • The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
      目馴 (めな)れずもある住 (す)まひの様 (さま)かな色 (いろ)なる御心 (おこころ)にはをかしくおぼしなさる
      menarezu mo aru sumahi no sama ka na ironaru okokoro ni wa okashiku oboshinasaru
      "I haven't seen it before, but it looks like a house," he thought bemusedly in his refined mind...

Affix[edit]

色 (hiragana いろ, romaji iro)

  1. kin, blood relative, more specifically family members sharing the same mother
Usage notes[edit]

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from 色 (iro, “kin”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
いろえ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 色う (irou, “to color something”).

Not used in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

色 (hiragana いろえ, romaji iroe)

  1. (obsolete) coloring, design

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
しき
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 色 (srik), used as a translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

色 (hiragana しき, romaji shiki)

  1. (Buddhism) material form, specifically the organized body as one of the five constituent elements or skandhas
  2. that which is visible of a thing, specifically form and color
  3. color
Usage notes[edit]

Used extensively in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
しょく
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 色 (srik, reconstructed by some linguists as /ʃiək/).

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

色 (hiragana しょく, romaji shoku)

  1. color
Usage notes[edit]

Used in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Counter[edit]

色 (hiragana しょく, romaji -shoku)

  1. used to count the number of colors
    三 (さん)色 (しょく)刷 (す)り
    sanshoku suri
    three-color printing

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

色 (saek) (hangeul 색, McCune-Reischauer saek, Yale sayk)

Noun[edit]

色 (saek) (hangeul 색)

  1. Hanja form? of 색, “color”.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

色 (sắc, sặc)

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