色

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See also: 巴
色 U+8272, 色
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8272
← 艱
[U+8271]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 艳 →
[U+8273]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes
Stroke order
色-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 139 色

色 (radical 139 色+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓日山 (NAU), four-corner 27717, composition ⿱⺈巴)

Derived glyphs[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1014, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30602
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1473, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3071, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8272

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 色
alt. forms 𢒸

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 色
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
色-bronze-spring.svg 色-silk.svg 色-slip.svg 色-ancient.svg 色-seal.svg 色-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (色) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
色 *srɯɡ
赩 *qʰrɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 爪 (“claw; hand”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – complexion.

Shuowen interprets this character as an ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person; human”) + 卩 (“etiquette”) – complexion.

Compare 印, 抑.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sè - all senses except “die”;
  • shǎi - “die; colour”;
  • shǎir - “colour”.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 色
Mandarin Beijing /sɤ⁵¹/
/ʂai²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʂai²¹³/
/sai²¹³/
/sɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /sai¹³/
/sɤ⁵³/
Jinan /sə²¹³/
/ʂei²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂe⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /sei²¹/
Xining /sɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /sə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂə¹³/
Ürümqi /sɤ⁵¹/
/sei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /se³¹/
Guiyang /sɛ²¹/
Kunming /sə³¹/
Nanjing /səʔ⁵/
Hefei /sɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /saʔ²/
Pingyao /sʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /saʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /səʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /se²¹³/
Hui Shexian /sɛʔ²¹/
Tunxi /sa⁵/
Xiang Changsha /sə²⁴/
Xiangtan /sæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /sɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /set̚¹/
Taoyuan /set̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sek̚⁵/
Nanning /sek̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /saiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sek̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tek̚⁵/
Rime
Character 色
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 所力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂik̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʃiək̚/
Wang
Li		 /ʃĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 she
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 色
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srik ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.rək/
English color; countenance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 色
Reading # 1/1
No. 10989
Phonetic
component		 色
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 色
Old
Chinese		 /*srɯɡ/

Definitions[edit]

色

  1. color/colour; tint; hue; shade
    顏色 / 颜色  ―  yánsè  ―  color
  2. look; expression
  3. kind; sort
    貨色 / 货色  ―  huòsè  ―  goods; stuff; trash; rubbish; quality of goods; specification
  4. feminine charm; beauty
    姿色  ―  zīsè  ―  good looks (of women)
  5. sexual; lewd
    色情  ―  sèqíng  ―  pornography; sexual desire
  6. (colloquial) perverted; being a pervert
  7. theatrical role
  8. metallic content
  9. die (a cube with numbers or symbols on each side and used in games of chance)

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 色

See also[edit]

Colors in Chinese · 顏色／颜色 (yánsè) (layout · text)
     白色 (báisè)      灰色 (huīsè)      黑色 (hēisè)      棕色 (zōngsè), 褐色 (hèsè)
             粉紅色／粉红色 (fěnhóngsè)              紅色／红色 (hóngsè), 赤色 (chìsè) ; 豔紅色／艳红色 (yànhóngsè)              橙色 (chéngsè)              黃色／黄色 (huángsè) ; 奶油色 (nǎiyóusè)
             青檸色／青柠色 (qīngníngsè)              綠色／绿色 (lǜsè)                           青色 (qīngsè) ; 深青色
             天藍色／天蓝色 (tiānlánsè)              藍色／蓝色 (lánsè)              紫羅蘭色／紫罗兰色 (zǐluólán sè) ; 靛色 (diànsè)              洋紅色／洋红色 (yánghóngsè) ; 紫色 (zǐsè)

Japanese[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

Kanji[edit]

色

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
色
いろ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨iro2⟩ → /iro/

From Old Japanese.

Originally referred to kin, indicating siblings sharing the same mother.[1] Later came to indicate feelings of familial love.[1] Apparently this then evolved to refer to romantic love, and by extension sex, or by alternate extension, female beauty. Then by further extension, this came to refer to beauty in general, and then colorfulness, and finally color.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

色 (hiragana いろ, rōmaji iro)

  1. color (US), colour (UK)
    目 (め)の色 (いろ)が違 (ちが)う猫 (ねこ)
    me no iro ga chigau neko
    a cat that has eyes of different color
  2. the metaphorical color or mood
    1. one's facial coloring or expression
    2. the shape of one's face or appearance; more specifically, beautiful looks or a beautiful figure
    3. lively elegance, enjoyable or interesting charm
    4. apparent thoughtfulness, warmheartedness
    5. the feeling or mood of a thing
    6. the tenor or timber of a voice or sound
    7. in Noh, a section that is chanted at a medium pace; alternately, a decorative poetic section
    8. in 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, “puppet show narrative”), a lively section that is neither strictly dialog nor narration, but has many elements of dialog
    9. when playing the koto, pushing on a string with the fingers of the left hand to change the pitch of a note, or for vibrato
  3. something related to romantic or sexual love, particularly between genders
    1. the emotions or circumstances of attraction between genders
    2. extramarital relations, an affair
    3. an extramarital lover
    4. a prostitute
    5. a red-light district
  4. the type or kind of something
  5. (informal, slang) various specific kinds of color:
    1. (informal, slang, woman's word) lipstick or rouge
    2. (informal, slang) soy sauce
    3. (informal, slang) paint
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from 色 (iro, “color”)
Terms derived from 色 (iro, “kind or type”)
Related terms[edit]
Terms related to 色 (iro, “color”)

Adjective[edit]

色 (-na inflection, hiragana いろ, rōmaji iro)

  1. (archaic) of exceptional beauty of form or appearance
    • Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
      いろなる娘 (むすめ)どもゐなみて
      ironaru musume domo winamite
      beautiful girls all in a row
  2. (archaic) knowledgeable about lovemaking, sensual; lascivious, lecherous
    • Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
      越前守 (えちぜんもり)色 (いろ)なる人 (ひと)にて
      echizenmori ironaru hito ni te
      Echizenmori was a man who liked the girls / had quite the libido
  3. (archaic) elegant, tasteful, refined
    • The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
      目 (め)馴 (な)れずもある住 (す)まひの様 (さま)かな色 (いろ)なる御心 (おこころ)にはをかしくおぼしなさる
      menarezu mo aru sumahi no sama ka na ironaru okokoro ni wa okashiku oboshinasaru
      "I haven't seen it before, but it looks like a house," he thought bemusedly in his refined mind...

Affix[edit]

色 (hiragana いろ, rōmaji iro)

  1. kin, blood relative, more specifically family members sharing the same mother
Usage notes[edit]

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from 色 (iro, “kin”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
いろえ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

/irope/ → /irofe/ → /iroe/

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 色う (irou, “to color something”).

Not used in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

色 (hiragana いろえ, rōmaji iroe, historical hiragana いろへ)

  1. (obsolete) coloring/colouring, design

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
しき
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 色 (srik). Used in Buddhist contexts as a translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

色 (hiragana しき, rōmaji shiki)

  1. (Buddhism) material form, specifically the organized body as one of the five constituent elements or skandhas
    Heart Sutra (Wikipedia article)
    ...舍 (しゃ)利 (り)子 (し)。色 (しき)不 (ふ)異 (い)空 (くう)。空 (くう)不 (ふ)異 (い)色 (しき)。色 (しき)即 (そく)是 (ぜ)空 (くう)。空 (くう)即 (そく)是 (ぜ)色 (しき)。受 (じゅ)想 (そう)行 (ぎょう)識 (しき)亦 (やく)復 (ぶ)如 (にょ)是 (ぜ)。...
    Sharishi, shiki fu i kū, kū fu i shiki, shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki, ju sō gyō shiki, yaku bu nyoze...
    Oh Shariputra! Form is not different from emptiness; emptiness is not different from form. Form is indeed emptiness; emptiness is indeed form. Feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness are also like this.[4]
  2. that which is visible of a thing, specifically form and color
  3. color (US), colour (UK)
Usage notes[edit]

Used extensively in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
See also[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
色
しょく
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 色 (srik, reconstructed by some linguists as /ʃiək/,).

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

色 (hiragana しょく, rōmaji shoku)

  1. color (US), colour (UK)
Usage notes[edit]

Used in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Counter[edit]

色 (hiragana しょく, rōmaji -shoku)

  1. used to count the number of colors
    三 (さん)色 (しょく)刷 (す)り
    sanshoku suri
    three-color printing

See also[edit]

Colors in Japanese · 色 (いろ) (iro) (layout · text)
     白 (しろ) (shiro)      灰色 (はいいろ) (haiiro),
鼠色 (ねずみいろ) (nezumiiro) (dated)		      黒 (くろ) (kuro)      茶色 (ちゃいろ) (chairo),
褐色 (かっしょく) (kasshoku)
             ピンク (pinku),
桃色 (ももいろ) (momoiro)		              赤 (あか) (aka) ; 深 (しん)紅 (く) (shinku),
クリムゾン (kurimuzon),
紅色 (べにいろ) (beniiro),
紅色 (くれないいろ) (kurenaiiro)		              オレンジ (orenji),
橙色 (だいだいいろ) (daidaiiro)		              黄 (きい)色 (ろ) (kiiro) ; クリーム色 (いろ) (kurīmuiro)
             黄緑 (きみどり) (kimidori)              緑 (みどり) (midori),
青 (あお) (ao) (dated)		                           シアン (shian) ; 鴨 (かも)の羽色 (はねいろ) (kamo no hane iro)
             水色 (みずいろ) (mizuiro)              青 (あお) (ao)              菫色 (すみれいろ) (sumireiro) ; 藍色 (あいいろ) (aiiro),
インジゴ (injigo)		              マゼンタ (mazenta) ; 紫 (むらさき) (murasaki)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. ^ Zen Heart Sutra Phonetic – Translation Of The Kanji Of The Heart Sutra‎[1], accessed October 24, 2017

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

色 • (saek) (hangeul 색, McCune-Reischauer saek, Yale sayk)

Noun[edit]

色 • (saek) (hangeul 색)

  1. color

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

色 (sắc, sặc)

  1. color
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