色
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See also: 巴
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
色 (Kangxi radical 139, 色+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓日山 (NAU), four-corner 27717, composition ⿱⺈巴)
- Kangxi radical #139, ⾊.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №340
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/色
- 𠈜, 𬻖, 𠲅, 𫵺, 𢙚, 𢬘, 𣴊, 𨹔, 𨒶, 栬, 𥅺, 𥒍, 絶(绝), 𬚐, 赩, 𨉆, 𨋭, 𨠶, 銫(铯), 靘, 𤧾, 𮪀, 𫙙, 䵥, 𪗼
- 𨛉, 𪁅, 𤈖, 𪵼, 𤶋, 艶(艷,艳)
- 脃 (Exception: Only for mainland China character. Other regions contain ⿱刀巴 instead of 色)
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- KangXi: page 1014, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30602
- Dae Jaweon: page 1473, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3071, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8272
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
色 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𢒸 𣤻 骰 “die” 㐌 erroneous | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 色 | |||||
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| Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 爪 (“claw; hand”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – complexion.
Shuowen interprets this character as an ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person; human”) + 卩 (“etiquette”) – complexion.
Etymology[edit]
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak ~ *g-jak (“ashamed; shy”), whence Burmese ရှက် (hrak, “ashamed; shy”), Japhug tɤ-zraʁ (“shame”) (Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2015b).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) connects this word to Mizo sâr (“prismatic colours seen in the sky in fine weather; to be healthy-looking, ruddy”), which would point to a form *sər-k from which the Old Chinese was derived.
彩 (OC *s.r̥ˤəʔ, “colour”) may be a dialectal variant (Baxter, 1992; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
色
- color; tint; hue; shade
- ⁜ look; expression
- 子曰：「巧言令色，鮮矣仁。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Qiǎoyánlìngsè, xiǎn yǐ rén.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue."
子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- ⁜ scenery; circumstance
- kind; sort
- feminine charm; beauty
- 姿色 ― zīsè ― good looks (of women)
- lust; sexual desire
- (colloquial) perverted; being a pervert; lecherous
- theatrical role (Can we add an example for this sense?)
- metallic content
- 成色 ― chéngsè ― purity (of a precious metal in an alloy)
- die (a cube with numbers or symbols on each side, used in games of chance) (Classifier: 粒 c)
- 色子 ― shǎizi ― die
- (Buddhism) rūpa (form; material element; form of existence; etc.)
- (transgender slang) Short for 色普龍／色普龙; cypro (cyproterone acetate)
- a surname
Synonyms[edit]
- (die):
See also[edit]
| 白色 | 灰色 | 黑色 |
| 紅色, 赤色; 緋紅色, 豔紅色, 大紅 | 橙色; 棕色, 褐色 | 黃色; 奶油色 |
| 青檸色 | 綠色 | |
| 青色; 深青色 | 湛藍色, 蔚藍色, 天藍色 | 藍色 |
| 紫羅蘭色; 靛色 | 洋紅色; 紫色 | 粉紅色 |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 色
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “色”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03427
- “Entry #2612”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Further reading[edit]
- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922),
“色” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
Japanese[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Kanji[edit]
色
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しき (shiki, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しょく (shoku, Jōyō)
- Kun: いろ (iro, 色, Jōyō); いろえ (iroe, 色)←いろへ (irofe, 色, historical)
- Nanori: しか (shika); しこ (shiko)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 色 |
| いろ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨iro2⟩ → */irə/ → /iro/
From Old Japanese.
First attested in the Nihon Shoki with the meaning of color.[1] Senses referring to a person's emotions also appear quite early on. The romance or sex senses appear from the 900s, apparently an influence from Chinese usage,[1] and roughly comparable to the euphemistic usage of English colorful.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- [from 720] color
- 目の色が違う猫
- me no iro ga chigau neko
- a cat that has eyes of different color
- 目の色が違う猫
- [from 797] (figurative) the metaphorical color or mood
- one's facial coloring or expression
- the shape of one's face or appearance; more specifically, beautiful looks or a beautiful figure
- lively elegance, enjoyable or interesting charm
- apparent thoughtfulness, warmheartedness
- the feeling or mood of a thing
- the tenor or timber of a voice or sound
- in Noh, a section that is chanted at a medium pace; alternately, a decorative poetic section
- in 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, “puppet show narrative”), a lively section that is neither strictly dialog nor narration, but has many elements of dialog
- when playing the koto, pushing on a string with the fingers of the left hand to change the pitch of a note, or for vibrato
- [from early 900s] something related to romantic or sexual love, particularly between genders
- the emotions or circumstances of attraction between genders
- extramarital relations, an affair
- an extramarital lover
- a prostitute
- a red-light district
- [from late 900s] the type or kind of something
- (informal, slang) various specific kinds of color:
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 色う (irou)
- 色色 (iroiro), 色々 (iroiro, “various”)
- 色んな (ironna, “various”)
- 色艶 (irotsuya, “color and luster; a person's facial coloring; warmth of feeling in speech or attitude; interest or fun in speech or writing”)
- 色合い (iroai), 色合 (iroai, “a shade, hue, tone; coloring”)
- 色褪せる (iroaseru, “lose color, fade; fade, lose freshness, become old and musty”)
- 色紙 (irogami, “colored paper”)
- 色気 (iroke)
- 色眼鏡 (iro megane, “colored glasses”)
- 色物 (iromono, “a colored item, particularly cloth or clothing; a lively and colorful variety act”)
- 色好い (iroyoi)
- 色分け (irowake), 色分 (irowake, “to color code, to separate by color”)
- 赤色 (aka-iro, “red”)
- 青色 (ao-iro, “blue”)
- 黄色 (ki-iro, “yellow”)
- 茶色 (cha-iro, “brown”)
- 狐色 (kitsune-iro, “reddish-brown”)
- 橙色 (daidai-iro)
- オレンジ色 (orenji-iro)
- 柿色 (kaki-iro, “reddish-orange”)
- 紫色 (murasaki-iro, “purple”)
- 薄紫色 (usumurasaki-iro, “light purple, lavender”)
- 桃色 (momo-iro, “peach pink”)
- 桜色 (sakura-iro, “light pink”)
- 水色 (mizu-iro, “light blue”)
- 群青色 (gunjō-iro, “ultramarine”)
- 赤紫色 (akamurasaki-iro, “magenta”)
- 青緑色 (aomidori-iro, “cyan”)
- 灰色 (hai-iro, “dark gray”)
- 鼠色 (nezumi-iro, “light grey”)
- 鴇色 (toki-iro, “pink”)
- 縹色 (hanada-iro, “light indigo blue”)
- 栗色 (kuri-iro, “maroon”)
- 緋色 (hīro, “scarlet”)
- 茜色 (akane-iro)
- 苺色 (ichigo-iro)
- 鬱金色 (ukon-iro)
- ココア色 (kokoa-iro)
- 葡萄色 (budō-iro)
- 檸檬色 (remon-iro)
- 金糸雀色 (kanaria-iro)
- 芥子色 (karashi-iro)
- 琥珀色 (kohaku-iro, “amber”)
- 薔薇色 (bara-iro)
- 十人十色 (jū-nin to-iro, “to each his own”)
Related terms[edit]
Related terms
Adjective[edit]
色 • (iro) -na (adnominal 色な (iro na), adverbial 色に (iro ni))
- [from late 900s] (archaic) of exceptional beauty of form or appearance
- Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- いろなる娘どもゐなみて
- ironaru musume domo winamite
- beautiful girls all in a row
- いろなる娘どもゐなみて
- Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- [from late 900s] (archaic) knowledgeable about lovemaking, sensual; lascivious, lecherous
- Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- 越前守色なる人にて
- echizenmori ironaru hito ni te
- Echizenmori was a man who liked the girls / had quite the libido
- 越前守色なる人にて
- Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- [from early 1000s] (archaic) elegant, tasteful, refined
- The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
- 目馴れずもある住まひの様かな色なる御心にはをかしくおぼしなさる
- menarezu mo aru sumahi no sama ka na ironaru okokoro ni wa okashiku oboshinasaru
- "I haven't seen it before, but it looks like a house," he thought bemusedly in his refined mind...
- 目馴れずもある住まひの様かな色なる御心にはをかしくおぼしなさる
- The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
Affix[edit]
- relating to a love affair or the red light district
- of that tone or timber or mood
- relating to type or kind
Usage notes[edit]
Only found in compounds.
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 色 |
| いろえ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨iro2pe2⟩ → */irəpəj/ → /irofe/ → /iroe/
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical shimo nidan katsuyō verb 色う (irou, “to color something”).
Not used in modern Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 色 |
| しき Grade: 2 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.[4]
The Buddhist sense is translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (Buddhism) material form, specifically the organized body as one of the five constituent elements or skandhas
- 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
- 舍利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識亦復如是。
- Sharishi, shiki fu i kū, kū fu i shiki. Shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki. Ju-sō-gyō-shiki, yaku bu nyoze.
- Sariputra, form is not different from emptiness; emptiness is not different from form. That which is form is empty; that which is emptiness is form. This is also true for sensation, perception, intention, and awareness.[5]
- 舍利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識亦復如是。
- 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
- that which is visible of a thing, specifically form and color
- color
Usage notes[edit]
Used extensively in compounds.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 色界 (shikikai, “the material world”)
- 色素胞 (shikisohō, “chromatophore”)
- 色彩 (shikisai, “coloring, coloration, hue, tint; color, mood, influence, leaning”)
- 色紙 (shikishi, “a square piece of cardboard used for painting or for writing poems”)
- 色調 (shikichō, “the coloring of a thing; a tone, shade, or hue”)
- 三色 (sanshiki)
- 縹色 (hyōshiki, “light indigo blue”)
See also[edit]
- 五蘊 (gōn, “five skandhas”): 色 (shiki, “rūpa”), 受 (ju, “vedanā”), 想 (sō, “saññā”), 行 (gyō, “saṅkhāra”), 識 (shiki, “viññāṇa”)
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 色 |
| しょく Grade: 2 |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 色 (MC ʃɨk̚). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.[4]
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
Used in compounds.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 暗色 (anshoku, “a dark color”)
- 威嚇色 (ikaku-shoku, “a threatening color or pattern on an animal”)
- 異色 (ishoku, “of a different color; different from the norm”)
- 炎色 (enshoku), 焰色 (enshoku, “flame colour”)
- 怨色 (enshoku, “grudging look”)
- 演色 (enshoku, “colour rendering”)
- 艶色 (enshoku, “bewitching looks; beautiful colour”)
- 黄色 (ōshoku), 黄色 (kōshoku, “yellow”)
- 灰色 (kaishoku, “grey”)
- 褐色 (kasshoku, “dark brown”)
- 橄欖色 (kanran-shoku)
- 好色 (kōshoku, “lasciviousness, lechery; lascivious, lecherous”)
- 紅色 (kōshoku, “crimson”)
- 行色 (kōshoku, “the state of being about to depart; natural scenery”)
- 黒色 (kokushoku, “black”)
- 紫色 (shishoku, “purple”)
- 赭色 (shashoku, “reddish-brown, auburn”)
- 青色 (seishoku, “blue”)
- 赤色 (sekishoku, “red”)
- 水色 (suishoku, “light blue”)
- 遜色 (sonshoku, “inferiority”)
- 男色 (danshoku, “male homosexuality”)
- 橙色 (tōshoku)
- 白色 (hakushoku, “white”)
- 明色 (meishoku, “a bright color”)
- 緑色 (ryokushoku, “green”)
Counter[edit]
- used to count the number of colors
- 三色刷り
- sanshoku suri
- three-color printing
- 三色刷り
Derived terms[edit]
- 三色 (sanshoku)
See also[edit]
| 白 (shiro) | 灰色 (haīro), 鼠色 (nezumīro) (dated) |
黒 (kuro) |
| 赤 (aka); 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (benīro), 紅色 (kurenaīro), 茜色 (akaneiro) |
オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaīro); 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
黄色 (kīro); クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) |
| 黄緑 (kimidori) | 緑 (midori), 青 (ao) (dated) |
若緑 (wakamidori) |
| シアン (shian); 鴨の羽色 (kamo no hane iro) | 水色 (mizuiro) | 青 (ao) |
| 菫色 (sumireiro); 藍色 (aīro), インジゴ (injigo) |
マゼンタ (mazenta); 紫 (murasaki) | ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “色”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ Kido Inoue; Doiku Takeda (2012), Reggie Pawle, Ph.D, editor, Record of Traces and Dreams: the Heart Sutra, iUniverse, →ISBN, page vi
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 色 (MC ʃɨk̚).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄉᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: sóyk) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 빗 (Yale: pis) | ᄉᆡᆨ (Yale: soyk) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɛk̚] ~ [sʰe̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [색/섹]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 색채 (色彩, saekchae)
- 단색 (丹色, dansaek)
- 녹색 (綠色, noksaek)
- 무색 (無色, musaek)
- 특색 (特色, teuksaek)
- 손색 (遜色, sonsaek)
- 회색 (灰色, hoesaek)
- 백색 (白色, baeksaek)
- 퇴색 (退色, toesaek)
- 색조 (色調, saekjo)
- 염색 (染色, yeomsaek)
- 황색 (黃色, hwangsaek)
- 각색 (脚色, gaksaek)
- 안색 (顔色, ansaek)
- 갈색 (褐色, galsaek)
- 각색 (各色, gaksaek)
- 명색 (名色, myeongsaek)
- 색상 (色相, saeksang)
- 일색 (一色, ilsaek)
- 색맹 (色盲, saengmaeng)
- 난색 (難色, nansaek)
- 생색 (生色, saengsaek)
- 채색 (彩色, chaesaek)
- 면색 (面色, myeonsaek)
- 물색 (物色, mulsaek)
- 유색 (有色, yusaek)
- 탈색 (脫色, talsaek)
- 색소 (色素, saekso)
- 다색 (茶色, dasaek)
- 난색 (暖色, nansaek)
- 단색 (單色, dansaek)
- 형색 (形色, hyeongsaek)
- 흑색 (黑色, heuksaek)
- 자색 (紫色, jasaek)
- 색정 (色情, saekjeong)
- 여색 (女色, yeosaek)
- 청색 (靑色, cheongsaek)
- 윤색 (潤色, yunsaek)
- 색계 (色界, saekgye)
- 색욕 (色慾, saegyok)
- 가색 (假色, gasaek)
- 간색 (間色, gansaek)
- 기색 (氣色, gisaek)
- 색감 (色感, saekgam)
- 적색 (赤色, jeoksaek)
- 감색 (紺色, gamsaek)
- 간색 (看色, gansaek)
- 변색 (變色, byeonsaek)
- 색지 (色紙, saekji)
- 화색 (和色, hwasaek)
- 원색 (原色, wonsaek)
- 음색 (音色, eumsaek)
- 현색 (顯色, hyeonsaek)
- 배색 (配色, baesaek)
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
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- Japanese terms with archaic senses
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- Japanese terms spelled with 色 read as いろえ
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 色 read as しき
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- ja:Buddhism
- Japanese terms spelled with 色 read as しょく
- Japanese counters
- ja:Colors
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- CJKV radicals