色
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 巴
Contents
Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
色 (radical 139 色+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓日山 (NAU), four-corner 27717, composition ⿱⺈巴)
- Kangxi radical #139, ⾊ (“color”).
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1014, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30602
- Dae Jaweon: page 1473, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3071, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8272
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
色 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 色
|
||
|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
Uncertain.
The upper or left compound is interpreted as either 人 (“man”) or 刀 (“knife”). The lower or right one is a pictogram of another 人.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sik1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): set
- Min Dong (BUC): sáik
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): seq (T4)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄜˋ
- Wade-Giles: sê4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seh
- IPA (key): /sɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sik1
- Yale: sīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: sik7
- IPA (key): /sɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: set
- Hakka Romanization System: sed`
- Hagfa Pinyim: sed5
- IPA: /set̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sáik
- IPA (key): /saiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: seq (T4)
- IPA (key): /səʔ⁵⁵/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 色 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /sɤ⁵¹/ /ʂai²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /ʂai²¹³/ /sai²¹³/ /sɤ⁵³/ |
|
| Tianjin | /sai¹³/ /sɤ⁵³/ |
|
| Jinan | /sə²¹³/ /ʂei²¹³/ |
|
| Qingdao | /ʂe⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /sei²¹/ | |
| Xining | /sɨ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /sə¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /sɤ⁵¹/ /sei⁴⁴/ |
|
| Wuhan | /sɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /se³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /sɛ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /sə³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /səʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /sɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /saʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /sʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /saʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /səʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /səʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /səʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /se²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /sɛʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /sa⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sə²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /sæ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /set̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /set̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sek̚⁵/ |
| Nanning | /sek̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐk̚⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /sik̚³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /saiʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /sɛ²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /sek̚²/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /tek̚⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 色 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 所力切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʃɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʃɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʃiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʂik̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʃiək̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʃĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʂi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
she |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 色 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
sè |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ srik › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s.rək/ |
| English | color; countenance |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 色 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10989 |
| Phonetic component |
色 |
| Rime group |
職 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
色 |
| Old Chinese |
/*srɯɡ/ |
Definitions[edit]
色
- color/colour; tint; hue; shade
- look; expression
- kind; sort
- feminine charm; beauty
- 姿色 ― zīsè ― good looks (of women)
- sexual; lewd
- 色情 ― sèqíng ― pornography; sex
- (colloquial) being a perv
- theatrical role
- metallic content
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 色
|
|
|
Japanese[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Kanji[edit]
色
Readings[edit]
- Goon: しき (shiki)
- Kan’on: しょく (shoku)
- Kun: いろ (iro), いろえ (iroe) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Nanori: しか (shika), しこ (shiko)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 色 |
| いろ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Originally referred to kin, indicating siblings sharing the same mother.[1] Later came to indicate feelings of familial love.[1] Apparently this then evolved to refer to romantic love, and by extension sex, or by alternate extension, female beauty. Then by further extension, this came to refer to beauty in general, and then colorfulness, and finally color.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- color (US), colour (UK)
- the metaphorical color or mood
- one's facial coloring or expression
- the shape of one's face or appearance; more specifically, beautiful looks or a beautiful figure
- lively elegance, enjoyable or interesting charm
- apparent thoughtfulness, warmheartedness
- the feeling or mood of a thing
- the tenor or timber of a voice or sound
- in Noh, a section that is chanted at a medium pace; alternately, a decorative poetic section
- in 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, “puppet show narrative”), a lively section that is neither strictly dialog nor narration, but has many elements of dialog
- when playing the koto, pushing on a string with the fingers of the left hand to change the pitch of a note, or for vibrato
- something related to romantic or sexual love, particularly between genders
- the emotions or circumstances of attraction between genders
- extramarital relations, an affair
- an extramarital lover
- a prostitute
- a red-light district
- the type or kind of something
- (informal, slang) various specific kinds of color:
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from 色 (iro, “color”)
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Related terms[edit]
Terms related to 色 (iro, “color”)
Adjective[edit]
色 (-na inflection, hiragana いろ, romaji iro)
- (archaic) of exceptional beauty of form or appearance
- Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- いろなる娘どもゐなみて
- ironaru musume domo winamite
- beautiful girls all in a row
- いろなる娘どもゐなみて
- Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- (archaic) knowledgeable about lovemaking, sensual; lascivious, lecherous
- Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- 越前守色なる人にて
- echizenmori ironaru hito ni te
- Echizenmori was a man who liked the girls / had quite the libido
- 越前守色なる人にて
- Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- (archaic) elegant, tasteful, refined
- The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
- 目馴れずもある住まひの様かな色なる御心にはをかしくおぼしなさる
- menarezu mo aru sumahi no sama ka na ironaru okokoro ni wa okashiku oboshinasaru
- "I haven't seen it before, but it looks like a house," he thought bemusedly in his refined mind...
- 目馴れずもある住まひの様かな色なる御心にはをかしくおぼしなさる
- The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
Affix[edit]
- kin, blood relative, more specifically family members sharing the same mother
Usage notes[edit]
Only found in compounds.
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from 色 (iro, “kin”)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 色 |
| Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 色う (irou, “to color something”).
Not used in modern Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
色 (hiragana いろえ, romaji iroe)
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 色 |
| しき Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 色 (srik). Used in Buddhist contexts as a translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).
The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
色 (hiragana しき, romaji shiki)
- (Buddhism) material form, specifically the organized body as one of the five constituent elements or skandhas
- that which is visible of a thing, specifically form and color
- color (US), colour (UK)
Usage notes[edit]
Used extensively in compounds.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
|
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 色 |
| しょく Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 色 (srik, reconstructed by some linguists as /ʃiək/).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
色 (hiragana しょく, romaji shoku)
Usage notes[edit]
Used in compounds.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
|
Counter[edit]
色 (hiragana しょく, romaji -shoku)
- used to count the number of colors
- 三色刷り
- sanshoku suri
- three-color printing
- 三色刷り
See also[edit]
| Colors in Japanese · 色 (iro) (layout · text) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 赤 (aka) | 緑 (midori) | 黄色 (kiiro) | クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) | 白 (shiro) |
| 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (beniiro), 紅色 (kurenaiiro) |
マゼンタ (mazenta) | ? | 黄緑 (kimidori) | ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
| ? | 青 (ao) | オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaiiro) | 灰色 (haiiro), 鼠色 (nezumiiro) |
? |
| 黒 (kuro) | 紫 (murasaki) | 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
水色 (mizuiro) | シアン (shian) |
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
色 • (saek) (hangeul 색, McCune-Reischauer saek, Yale sayk)
Noun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
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