色

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See also: 巴
色 U+8272, 色
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8272
← 艱
[U+8271] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 艳 →
[U+8273]
⾊ U+2F8A, ⾊
KANGXI RADICAL COLOR
← ⾉
[U+2F89] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾋ →
[U+2F8B]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order
色-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 139 色

色 (radical 139, 色+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓日山 (NAU), four-corner 27717, composition ⿱⺈巴)

  1. Kangxi radical #139, ⾊.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №340

Derived characters[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1014, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30602
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1473, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3071, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8272

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 色
alternative forms 㐌
𢒸
𣤻
骰 “die”
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 色 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • Sek (Min Nan)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 色
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
色-bronze-spring.svg 色-silk.svg 色-slip.svg 色-ancient.svg 色-seal.svg 色-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (色) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
色 *srɯɡ
赩 *qʰrɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 爪 (“claw; hand”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – complexion.

Shuowen interprets this character as an ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person; human”) + 卩 (“etiquette”) – complexion.

Compare 印, 抑.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sè - all senses except “die”;
  • shǎi - “die; colour”;
  • shǎir - “colour”;
  • shè - “lust”.
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
    • Note:
    • sah4 - vernacular;
    • seh4 - literary.
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 色
    Mandarin Beijing /sɤ⁵¹/
    /ʂai²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ʂai²¹³/
    /sai²¹³/
    /sɤ⁵³/
    Tianjin /sai¹³/
    /sɤ⁵³/
    Jinan /sə²¹³/
    /ʂei²¹³/
    Qingdao /ʂe⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʂɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /sei²¹/
    Xining /sɨ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /sə¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂə¹³/
    Ürümqi /sɤ⁵¹/
    /sei⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /sɤ²¹³/
    Chengdu /se³¹/
    Guiyang /sɛ²¹/
    Kunming /sə³¹/
    Nanjing /səʔ⁵/
    Hefei /sɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /saʔ²/
    Pingyao /sʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /saʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /səʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /səʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /səʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /se²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /sɛʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /sa⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /sə²⁴/
    Xiangtan /sæ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /sɛʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /set̚¹/
    Taoyuan /set̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sek̚⁵/
    Nanning /sek̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /sɐk̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sik̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /saiʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /sek̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tek̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 色
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 生 (21)
    Final (韻) 職 (134)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 所力切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʃɨk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʃɨk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʃiek̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʂik̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʃiək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʃĭək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʂi̯ək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		she
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sik1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 色
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ srik ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s.rək/
    English color; countenance

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 色
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10989
    Phonetic
    component         		色
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		色
    Old
    Chinese         		/*srɯɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    色

    1. color/colour; tint; hue; shade
      顏色 / 颜色  ―  yánsè  ―  color
      顏色兒 / 颜色儿  ―  yánshǎir  ―  color
      紅色 / 红色  ―  hóngsè  ―  red
      四色定理  ―  sì sè dìnglǐ  ―  four color theorem
    2. ⁜ look; expression
      臉色 / 脸色  ―  liǎnsè  ―  facial expression
    3. ⁜ scenery; circumstance
      景色  ―  jǐngsè  ―  scenery
      夜色  ―  yèsè  ―  night scenery
    4. kind; sort
      貨色 / 货色  ―  huòsè  ―  goods; stuff; trash; rubbish; quality of goods; specification
    5. feminine charm; beauty
      姿色  ―  zīsè  ―  good looks (of women)
    6. lust; sexual desire
      好色  ―  hàosè  ―  to lust for women
      色情  ―  sèqíng  ―  pornography; sexual desire
    7. (colloquial) perverted; being a pervert
    8. theatrical role
    9. metallic content
      成色  ―  chéngsè  ―  purity (of a precious metal in an alloy)
    10. die (a cube with numbers or symbols on each side, used in games of chance) (Classifier: 粒 c)
      色子  ―  shǎizi  ―  die
    11. (Buddhism) rūpa (form; material element; form of existence; etc.)
      色即是空，空即是色。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Sè jí shì kōng, kōng jí shì sè. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    12. (transgender slang) Short for 色普龍／色普龙; cypro (cyproterone acetate)
    13. A surname​.

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 骰子 (“die (used in games of chance)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 骰子
    Mandarin Beijing 色子
    Taiwan 色子
    Harbin 色子
    Muping 色子
    Jinan 色子
    Luoyang 色子, 色兒
    Wanrong 色子
    Xi'an 色子
    Yinchuan 色子
    Lanzhou 色子
    Ürümqi 色子
    Wuhan 色子
    Chengdu 色子
    Guiyang 色子
    Liuzhou 色子
    Yangzhou 猴子
    Nanjing 猴兒, 猴子
    Nantong 色兒
    Singapore 骰子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 色仔
    Hong Kong 色仔, 色
    Foshan 色仔
    Shunde 色仔
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 色仔
    Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 色仔
    Taishan 色仔
    Kaiping (Chikan) 色仔
    Dongguan 色仔
    Gan Nanchang 色子
    Lichuan 色子
    Pingxiang 色子
    Hakka Meixian 骰仔
    Yudu 色子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 骰仔, 猴仔, 寶斗仁
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 骰仔
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 骰仔, 猴仔, 寶斗仁
    Dongshi (Dabu) 十八啦
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 輾豆
    Huizhou Jixi 寶子
    Jin Taiyuan 色兒
    Xinzhou 色兒
    Min Bei Jian'ou 骰仔
    Min Dong Fuzhou 骰
    Min Nan Xiamen 骰仔, 豆仔
    Quanzhou 骰仔, 豆仔
    Zhangzhou 骰仔, 豆仔
    Taipei 救十八
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 膏十八仔
    Kaohsiung 撚骰仔
    Yilan 撚骰仔
    Changhua (Lukang) 撚骰仔
    Taichung 十八骰仔
    Tainan 撚寶
    Hsinchu 骰九
    Kinmen 骰仔
    Penghu (Magong) 骰仔
    Leizhou 骰
    Haikou 色囝
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 色子
    Wu Shanghai 骰子
    Chongming 骰子
    Suzhou 骰子
    Danyang 骰子
    Hangzhou 骰子
    Ningbo 色子
    Wenzhou 骰子
    Xiang Changsha 色子
    Loudi 骰子

    See also[edit]

    Colors in Chinese · 顏色／颜色 (yánsè) (layout · text)
         白色 (báisè)      灰色 (huīsè)      黑色 (hēisè)
                 紅色／红色 (hóngsè), 紅色兒／红色儿 (hóngshǎir), 赤色 (chìsè); 緋紅色／绯红色, 豔紅色／艳红色 (yànhóngsè)              橙色 (chéngsè); 棕色 (zōngsè), 褐色 (hèsè)              黃色／黄色 (huángsè); 奶油色 (nǎiyóusè)
                 青檸色／青柠色 (qīngníngsè)              綠色／绿色 (lǜsè)             
                 青色 (qīngsè); 深青色              湛藍色／湛蓝色, 蔚藍色／蔚蓝色, 天藍色／天蓝色 (tiānlánsè)              藍色／蓝色 (lánsè)
                 紫羅蘭色／紫罗兰色 (zǐluólánsè); 靛色 (diànsè)              洋紅色／洋红色 (yánghóngsè); 紫色 (zǐsè)              粉紅色／粉红色 (fěnhóngsè)
    • (cypro): 補／补 (bǔ, “E”), 螺 (luó, “spiro”)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 色

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (色):
    • → Japanese: 色(しき) (shiki); 色(しょく) (shoku)
    • → Korean: 색 (色, saek)
    • → Vietnamese: sắc (色)

    References[edit]

    Further reading[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Stroke order
    6 strokes

    Kanji[edit]

    色

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    色
    いろ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨iro2⟩ → */irə/ → /iro/

    From Old Japanese.

    Originally referred to kin, indicating siblings sharing the same mother.[1] Later came to indicate feelings of familial love.[1] Apparently this then evolved to refer to romantic love, and by extension sex, or by alternate extension, female beauty. Then by further extension, this came to refer to beauty in general, and then colorfulness, and finally color.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    色(いろ) • (iro) 

    1. color (US), colour (UK)
      目(め)の色(いろ)が違(ちが)う猫(ねこ)
      me no iro ga chigau neko
      a cat that has eyes of different color
    2. (figuratively) the metaphorical color or mood
      1. one's facial coloring or expression
      2. the shape of one's face or appearance; more specifically, beautiful looks or a beautiful figure
      3. lively elegance, enjoyable or interesting charm
      4. apparent thoughtfulness, warmheartedness
      5. the feeling or mood of a thing
      6. the tenor or timber of a voice or sound
      7. in Noh, a section that is chanted at a medium pace; alternately, a decorative poetic section
      8. in 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, “puppet show narrative”), a lively section that is neither strictly dialog nor narration, but has many elements of dialog
      9. when playing the koto, pushing on a string with the fingers of the left hand to change the pitch of a note, or for vibrato
    3. something related to romantic or sexual love, particularly between genders
      1. the emotions or circumstances of attraction between genders
      2. extramarital relations, an affair
      3. an extramarital lover
      4. a prostitute
      5. a red-light district
    4. the type or kind of something
    5. (informal, slang) various specific kinds of color:
      1. (informal, slang, woman's speech) lipstick or rouge
      2. (informal, slang) soy sauce
      3. (informal, slang) paint
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Related terms[edit]
    Related terms →

    Adjective[edit]

    色(いろ) • (iro) -na (adnominal 色(いろ)な (iro na), adverbial 色(いろ)に (iro ni))

    1. (archaic) of exceptional beauty of form or appearance
      • Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
        いろなる娘(むすめ)どもゐなみて
        ironaru musume domo winamite
        beautiful girls all in a row
    2. (archaic) knowledgeable about lovemaking, sensual; lascivious, lecherous
      • Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
        越前守(えちぜんもり)色(いろ)なる人(ひと)にて
        echizenmori ironaru hito ni te
        Echizenmori was a man who liked the girls / had quite the libido
    3. (archaic) elegant, tasteful, refined
      • The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
        目馴(めな)れずもある住(す)まひの様(さま)かな色(いろ)なる御心(おこころ)にはをかしくおぼしなさる
        menarezu mo aru sumahi no sama ka na ironaru okokoro ni wa okashiku oboshinasaru
        "I haven't seen it before, but it looks like a house," he thought bemusedly in his refined mind...

    Affix[edit]

    色(いろ) • (iro) 

    1. kin, blood relative, more specifically family members sharing the same mother
    Usage notes[edit]

    Only found in compounds.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    色
    いろえ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨iro2pe2⟩ → */irəpəj/ → /irofe/ → /iroe/

    Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical shimo nidan katsuyō verb 色う (irou, “to color something”).

    Not used in modern Japanese.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    色(いろえ) • (iroe) ←いろへ (irofe)?

    1. (obsolete) coloring/colouring, design

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    色
    しき
    Grade: 2
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.[1]

    The Buddhist sense is translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    色(しき) • (shiki) 

    1. (Buddhism) material form, specifically the organized body as one of the five constituent elements or skandhas
      • 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
        舍(しゃ)利(り)子(し)。色(しき)不(ふ)異(い)空(くう)。空(くう)不(ふ)異(い)色(しき)。色(しき)即(そく)是(ぜ)空(くう)。空(くう)即(そく)是(ぜ)色(しき)。受(じゅ)想(そう)行(ぎょう)識(しき)亦(やく)復(ぶ)如是(にょぜ)。
        Sharishi, shiki fu i kū, kū fu i shiki. Shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki. Ju-sō-gyō-shiki, yaku bu nyoze.
        Sariputra, form is not different from emptiness; emptiness is not different from form. That which is form is empty; that which is emptiness is form. This is also true for sensation, perception, intention, and awareness.[4]
    2. that which is visible of a thing, specifically form and color
    3. color (US), colour (UK)
    Usage notes[edit]

    Used extensively in compounds.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    See also[edit]

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    色
    しょく
    Grade: 2
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 色 (MC ʃɨk̚). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    色(しょく) • (shoku) 

    1. color (US), colour (UK)
    Usage notes[edit]

    Used in compounds.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Counter[edit]

    色(しょく) • (-shoku) 

    1. used to count the number of colors
      三(さん)色(しょく)刷(す)り
      sanshoku suri
      three-color printing
    Derived terms[edit]

    See also[edit]

    Colors in Japanese · 色(いろ) (iro) (layout · text)
         白(しろ) (shiro)      灰(はい)色(いろ) (haiiro),
    鼠(ねずみ)色(いろ) (nezumiiro) (dated)     		     黒(くろ) (kuro)
                 赤(あか) (aka); 深(しん)紅(く) (shinku),
    クリムゾン (kurimuzon),
    紅(べに)色(いろ) (beniiro),
    紅(くれない)色(いろ) (kurenaiiro),
    茜(あかね)色(いろ) (akaneiro)     		             オレンジ (orenji),
    橙(だいだい)色(いろ) (daidaiiro); 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ) (chairo),
    褐(かっ)色(しょく) (kasshoku)     		             黄(き)色(いろ) (kiiro); クリーム色(いろ) (kurīmuiro)
                 黄(き)緑(みどり) (kimidori)              緑(みどり) (midori),
    青(あお) (ao) (dated)     		            
                 シアン (shian); 鴨(かも)の羽色(はねいろ) (kamo no hane iro)              水(みず)色(いろ) (mizuiro)              青(あお) (ao)
                 菫(すみれ)色(いろ) (sumireiro); 藍(あい)色(いろ) (aiiro),
    インジゴ (injigo)     		             マゼンタ (mazenta); 紫(むらさき) (murasaki)              ピンク (pinku),
    桃(もも)色(いろ) (momoiro)

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    4. ^ Kido Inoue; Doiku Takeda (2012) , Reggie Pawle, Ph.D, editor, Record of Traces and Dreams: the Heart Sutra, iUniverse, →ISBN, page vi

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 色 (MC ʃɨk̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: sóyk)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 빗 (Yale: pis) ᄉᆡᆨ (Yale: soyk)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    色 (eumhun 빛 색 (bit saek))

    1. Hanja form? of 색 (“colour”). [noun]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    色: Hán Nôm readings: sắc, sặc

    1. color
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