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鮮

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 尟 and 鲜
鮮 U+9BAE, 鮮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BAE
← 鮭
[U+9BAD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鮯 →
[U+9BAF]

Translingual

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Han character

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鮮 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+6, 17 strokes, Cangjie input 弓火廿手 (NFTQ), four-corner 28351, composition ⿰魚羊)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1470, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46133
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2002, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4688, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9BAE

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 鮮
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (鮮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鮮 *sen, *senʔ, *sens
廯 *sen, *senʔ
癬 *senʔ
蘚 *senʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + abbreviated phonetic 羴 (OC *qʰreːn, *qʰljen).

Alternatively, may be ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 魚 (“fish”) + 羊 (“sheep”) – delicious.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sar (“new; fresh”). Cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-sar (“new; fresh”), whence Tibetan གསར་བ (gsar ba, “new; fresh”), Rawang angsar (“new”), Drung aksal (“new”), Mizo tʰarᴴ (“new”) (Schuessler, 2007); cognate with Tibetan གསར་ (gsar, “new”), Burmese ဆန်း (hcan:, “new, fresh”) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation

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trad. 鮮
simp. 鲜
alternative forms
鱻／𱈜
䲆
觧
⿰⿱⺈冂羊
𱆮
鱻／𱈜
䲆
觧
⿰⿱⺈冂羊
𱆮
⿰𩵋羊
 
Note:
  • chiĕng - vernacular;
  • siĕng - literary.
Note:
  • cing1 - vernacular;
  • seng1 - literary.
Note:
  • chhiⁿ - vernacular (“fresh”);
  • chhíⁿ - vernacular (“fresh; sky blue”);
  • sian - literary;
  • sián - alternative literary, used in some compounds (e.g. 鮮美).
Note:
  • cin1 - vernacular;
  • siang1 - literary (used in 鮮卑).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 鮮
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕian⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian²¹/
Jinan /ɕiã²¹³/
Qingdao /siã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /sian²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiã²¹/
Xining /ɕiã⁵³/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕian⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕyan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕian⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ɕyen³¹/
Hefei /ɕyĩ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕie̞¹³/
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕi⁵³/
Suzhou /siɪ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /ɕiɛ³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕie³¹/
/ɕye³¹/
Tunxi /siɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /siẽ³³/
Xiangtan /siẽ³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sien⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sien³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sin⁵³/
Nanning /ɬin⁵⁵/
/ɬin³⁵/
Hong Kong /sin⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sian⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰieŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /siŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰĩ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sin³¹/ 朝～
/si²³/ 新～
Rime
Character 鮮
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 相然切
Baxter sjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sian/
Li
Rong 		/siɛn/
Wang
Li 		/sĭɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/si̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sin1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鮮 鮮
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiān xiān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjen › ‹ sjen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s][a]r/ /*s[a]r/
English fresh; good 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鮮
Reading # 1/3
No. 13490
Phonetic
component 		鮮
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		仙
Old
Chinese 		/*sen/
Notes 說文羴省聲

Definitions

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鮮

  1. seafood; aquatic food
    海鮮／海鲜  ―  hǎixiān  ―  seafood
  2. delicious food; fresh food
    嘗鮮／尝鲜  ―  chángxiān  ―  to taste fresh food
  3. fresh; not stale
    鮮魚／鲜鱼  ―  xiānyú  ―  fresh fish
  4. brightly colored; gaily colored
    那塊布的顏色很鮮。 [MSC, trad.]
    那块布的颜色很鲜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nà kuài bù de yánsè hěn xiān. [Pinyin]
    The color of that piece of cloth is very bright.
  5. delicious; tasty
    媽媽煮的湯的味道很鮮。 [MSC, trad.]
    妈妈煮的汤的味道很鲜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Māmā zhǔ de tāng de wèidào hěn xiān. [Pinyin]
    The soup that mother cooked tastes delicious.
  6. not yet withered; not yet wilted (of flowers, grass, etc.)
    鮮花／鲜花  ―  xiānhuā  ―  fresh flower
  7. special; peculiar; strange and interesting
    屢見不鮮／屡见不鲜  ―  lǚjiànbùxiān  ―  common occurrence
    小孩說的話很鮮。 [MSC, trad.]
    小孩说的话很鲜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xiǎohái shuō de huà hěn xiān. [Pinyin]
    The words of the child were peculiar.
  8. (Hakka) thin; dilute
    Alternative form: 先
  9. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sky blue; azure
    鮮色／鲜色 [Hokkien]  ―  chheⁿ-sek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  sky blue
  10. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 新鮮 (“fresh (food)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 新鮮
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 新鮮
Taiwan 新鮮
Malaysia 新鮮
Singapore 新鮮
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 新鮮
Wanrong 新鮮
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 新新
Guiyang 新鮮
Guilin 新鮮
Cantonese Guangzhou 新鮮
Hong Kong 新鮮
Taishan 生鮮
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 新鮮
Penang (Guangfu) 新鮮
Singapore (Guangfu) 新鮮
Gan Pingxiang 新新, 新鮮
Hakka Meixian 新鮮
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 萋, 新鮮
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 萋, 新鮮
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 萋, 新鮮
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 萋, 新鮮
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 萋, 新鮮
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 萋
Southern Min Xiamen 鮮, 鮮尺
Quanzhou 鮮, 鮮尺
Jinjiang 鮮尺
Zhangzhou 鮮, 鮮尺
Zhao'an 鮮
Dongshan 鮮
Tainan 鮮, 鮮尺
Penang (Hokkien) 鮮
Singapore (Hokkien) 鮮, 鮮尺
Manila (Hokkien) 鮮尺
Chaozhou 鮮, 新鮮
Shantou 鮮
Singapore (Teochew) 鮮
Wenchang 新鮮
Haikou 生鮮
Qionghai 新鮮
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 新鮮
Suzhou 新鮮, 鮮鮮 dated
Xiang Loudi 新新
Dialectal synonyms of 稀 (“dilute; thin”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 稀
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 稀
Taiwan 稀
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 稀
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 稀
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 清, 稀
Wuhan 稀, 清
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 稀, 消
Hefei 稀, 消
Cantonese Guangzhou 稀, 削
Hong Kong 稀, 削
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 稀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 清
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 鮮
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 稀
Macau 稀
Guangzhou (Panyu) 稀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 稀
Guangzhou (Conghua) 稀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 清
Foshan 稀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 稀
Foshan (Shunde) 稀
Foshan (Sanshui) 稀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 稀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 稀
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 稀
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 稀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 稀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 稀
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 稀
Taishan 稀
Kaiping (Chikan) 稀
Enping (Niujiang) 稀
Heshan (Yayao) 稀
Dongguan 清
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 清
Yangjiang 清
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 稀
Gan Nanchang 清, 稀
Jianning 清
Taining 清
Hakka Meixian 鮮
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 稀
Dongguan (Qingxi) 鮮
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 鮮
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 稀
Changting 鮮
Shanghang 鮮
Longyan (Yongding) 鮮
Wuping 鮮
Liancheng 鮮
Ninghua 鮮
Qingliu 鮮
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鮮
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鮮
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鮮
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鮮
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鮮
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鮮
Hong Kong 鮮
Senai (Huiyang) 鮮
Jin Taiyuan 稀
Northern Min Jian'ou 增
Jian'ou (Dikou) 增
Nanping (Xiayang, Yanping) 增
Songxi 增
Zhenghe 增
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 增
Shunchang (Yangdun) 增
Jianyang 增
Wuyishan 增
Pucheng (Shibei) 增
Eastern Min Fuzhou 清
Fuzhou (Changle) 清
Lianjiang 清
Fuqing 漖, 清
Pingtan 稀
Yongtai 清
Minqing 清
Gutian 淺
Pingnan 淺
Luoyuan 淺
Fu'an 清
Ningde 清, 淺, 稀
Xiapu 稀
Zherong 清
Shouning 清
Zhouning 淺, 清
Fuding 清
Youxi 清
Southern Min Xiamen 漖, 飲
Xiamen (Tong'an) 飲
Quanzhou 漖
Jinjiang 漖
Nan'an 漖, 飲
Shishi 漖
Hui'an 漖, 飲
Anxi 漖
Yongchun 漖
Dehua 漖
Zhangzhou 漖, 飲
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 飲
Hua'an 飲
Nanjing 飲
Pinghe 漖
Zhangpu 飲
Yunxiao 漖
Zhao'an 漖
Dongshan 漖
Tainan 漖
Kinmen 漖
Longyan 鬻
Zhangping 鬻
Zhangping (Yongfu) 鬻
Datian 鬻
Datian (Guangping) 增
Chaozhou 漖, 𬓤
Shantou 𬓤
Shantou (Chenghai) 𬓤
Jieyang 漖, 𬓤
Bangkok (Teochew) 𬓤
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 𬓤
Leizhou 浮
Puxian Min Putian 漖
Xianyou 漖
Central Min Yong'an 增
Sanming (Sanyuan) 增
Sanming (Shaxian) 增
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 清
Guangze 清
Jiangle 清
Mingxi 清
Shunchang 清
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 稀
Wu Suzhou 薄
Yuyao 薄, 朗
Wenzhou 薄
Pucheng 清
Xiang Changsha 清, 稀
Shuangfeng 清, 稀

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: tươi

Etymology 2

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Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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trad. 鮮
simp. 鲜
alternative forms 鱻
尟
赻
尠
Rime
Character 鮮
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息淺切
Baxter sjenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siᴇnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɛnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sianX/
Li
Rong 		/siɛnX/
Wang
Li 		/sĭɛnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/si̯ɛnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sin2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鮮
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjenX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s][e]rʔ/
English rare, few

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鮮
Reading # 2/3
No. 13492
Phonetic
component 		鮮
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		獮
Old
Chinese 		/*senʔ/
Notes 說文羴省聲

Definitions

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鮮

  1. rare; little; few
  2. rarely; infrequently
  3. to lack; to be short of
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 巘 / 𪩘 (yǎn, “the top of a mountain; cliff; small mountain”)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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trad. 鮮
simp. 鲜
Rime
Character 鮮
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 私箭切
Baxter sjenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sianH/
Li
Rong 		/siɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/sĭɛnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/si̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sin3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鮮
Reading # 3/3
No. 13496
Phonetic
component 		鮮
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		線
Old
Chinese 		/*sens/

Definitions

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鮮

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 獻 / 献 (“to offer; to present”)

Compounds

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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鮮

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. fresh, vivid, clear, brilliant

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
鮮
せん
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 鮮 (MC sjen|sjenX|sjenH).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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鮮(せん) • (sen) ←せん (sen)?

  1. fresh
  2. vivid
  3. (Empire of Japan) Korea
    全(ぜん)鮮(せん) ― zensen ― the entirety of Korea
    内(ない)鮮(せん)一体(いったい) ― naisen ittai ― unification of the mainland and Korea

Korean

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Hanja

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鮮 (eumhun 고울 선 (goul seon))

  1. hanja form? of 선 (“smooth; fish”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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鮮: Hán Việt readings: tiên[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], tiển[3][6][7][8], tiễn[9]
鮮: Nôm readings: tươi[1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9], tẽn[4]

  1. chữ Nôm form of tươi (“fresh; new and untainted”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Takeuchi (1988).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hồ (1976).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Génibrel (1898).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Bonet (1899).
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