鮮

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See also: 尟 and 鲜
鮮 U+9BAE, 鮮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BAE
← 鮭
[U+9BAD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鮯 →
[U+9BAF]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

鮮 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓火廿手 (NFTQ), four-corner 28351, composition ⿰魚羊)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1470, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46133
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2002, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4688, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9BAE

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (鮮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鮮 *sen, *senʔ, *sens
廯 *sen, *senʔ
癬 *senʔ
蘚 *senʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + abbreviated phonetic 羴 (OC *qʰreːn, *qʰljen).

Alternatively, may be ideogrammic compound (會意): 魚 (“fish”) + 羊 (“sheep”) – delicious.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gsjar (“new; fresh”) (STEDT). Cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-sar (“new; fresh”), whence Tibetan གསར་བ (gsar ba, “new; fresh”), Rawang angsar (“new”), Drung aksal (“new”), Mizo tʰarᴴ (“new”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

trad. 鮮
simp. 鲜
alternative forms
 
鱻／𱈜
䲆／⿰鱼鱼
觧
⿰⿱⺈冂羊
𱆮／⿰鱼芉
鱻／𱈜
䲆／⿰鱼鱼
觧
⿰⿱⺈冂羊
𱆮／⿰鱼芉
⿰𩵋羊

Note:
  • chiĕng - vernacular;
  • siĕng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chhiⁿ - vernacular;
    • sian - literary;
    • sián - alternative literary, used in some compounds (e.g. 鮮美).
    Note:
    • cin1 - vernacular;
    • siang1 - literary (used in 鮮卑).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 鮮
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕian⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕian⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕian²¹/
    Jinan /ɕiã²¹³/
    Qingdao /siã²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /sian²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiã²¹/
    Xining /ɕiã⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ɕian⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɕian⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕyan⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕian⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ɕiɛ̃⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ɕyen³¹/
    Hefei /ɕyĩ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕie̞¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕi⁵³/
    Suzhou /siɪ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕiẽ̞³³/
    Wenzhou /ɕiɛ³³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕie³¹/
    /ɕye³¹/
    Tunxi /siɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /siẽ³³/
    Xiangtan /siẽ³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛn⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /sien⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /sien³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sin⁵³/
    Nanning /ɬin⁵⁵/
    /ɬin³⁵/
    Hong Kong /sin⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sian⁵⁵/
    /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰieŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /siŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰĩ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /sin³¹/ 朝～
    /si²³/ 新～
    Rime
    Character 鮮
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 相然切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/siᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/siɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sjæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sian/
    Li
    Rong         		/siɛn/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si̯ɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sin1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鮮 鮮
    Reading # 1/3 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiān xiān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sjen › ‹ sjen ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s][a]r/ /*s[a]r/
    English fresh; good 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 鮮
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 13490
    Phonetic
    component         		鮮
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		仙
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sen/
    Notes 說文羴省聲
    Definitions[edit]

    鮮

    1. live fish; aquatic food
    2. fresh food; delicious food
    3. fresh; not stale
    4. new; recent
    5. clear; vivid
    6. brightly coloured; gaily coloured
    7. delicious; tasty
    8. special; peculiar
    9. (Hakka) thin; dilute
    10. A surname​.
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 新鮮 (“fresh (food)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 新鮮
    Mandarin Beijing 新鮮
    Taiwan 新鮮
    Luoyang 新鮮
    Wanrong 新鮮
    Wuhan 新新
    Guiyang 新鮮
    Malaysia 新鮮
    Singapore 新鮮
    Cantonese Guangzhou 新鮮
    Hong Kong 新鮮
    Taishan 生鮮
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 新鮮
    Penang (Guangfu) 新鮮
    Singapore (Guangfu) 新鮮
    Gan Pingxiang 新新, 新鮮
    Hakka Meixian 新鮮
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 萋, 新鮮
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 萋, 新鮮
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 萋, 新鮮
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 萋, 新鮮
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 萋, 新鮮
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 萋
    Min Nan Xiamen 鮮, 鮮尺
    Quanzhou 鮮, 鮮尺, 鮮臊
    Jinjiang 鮮尺
    Zhangzhou 鮮, 鮮尺, 鮮臊
    Zhao'an 鮮
    Dongshan 鮮
    Tainan 鮮, 鮮尺
    Penang (Hokkien) 鮮
    Singapore (Hokkien) 鮮, 鮮尺
    Manila (Hokkien) 鮮尺
    Chaozhou 鮮, 新鮮
    Shantou 鮮
    Singapore (Teochew) 鮮
    Wenchang 新鮮
    Haikou 生鮮
    Qionghai 新鮮
    Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 新鮮
    Suzhou 新鮮, 鮮鮮 dated
    Xiang Loudi 新新
    Dialectal synonyms of 稀 (“dilute; thin”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 稀
    Mandarin Beijing 稀
    Taiwan 稀
    Jinan 稀
    Xi'an 稀
    Wuhan 稀, 清
    Chengdu 清, 稀
    Yangzhou 稀, 消
    Hefei 稀, 消
    Cantonese Guangzhou 稀
    Hong Kong 稀
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 稀
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 清
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 鮮
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 稀
    Macau 稀
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 稀
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 稀
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 稀
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 青
    Foshan 稀
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 稀
    Foshan (Shunde) 稀
    Foshan (Sanshui) 稀
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 稀
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 稀
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 稀
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 稀
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 稀
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 稀
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 稀
    Taishan 稀
    Kaiping (Chikan) 稀
    Enping (Niujiang) 稀
    Heshan (Yayao) 稀
    Dongguan 青
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 青
    Yangjiang 清
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 稀
    Gan Nanchang 清, 稀
    Hakka Meixian 鮮
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 稀
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 鮮
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 鮮
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 稀
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鮮
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 鮮
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 鮮
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 鮮
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 鮮
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 鮮
    Hong Kong 鮮
    Senai (Huiyang) 鮮
    Jin Taiyuan 稀
    Min Bei Jian'ou 䭕
    Min Dong Fuzhou 清
    Min Nan Xiamen 漖, 飲
    Quanzhou 漖
    Zhangzhou 漖
    Chaozhou 漖, 𬓤
    Shantou 𬓤
    Shantou (Chenghai) 𬓤
    Jieyang 漖, 𬓤
    Bangkok (Teochew) 𬓤
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 𬓤
    Leizhou 浮
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 稀
    Wu Suzhou 薄
    Yuyao 薄, 朗
    Wenzhou 薄
    Xiang Changsha 清, 稀
    Shuangfeng 清, 稀
    Compounds[edit]
    Derived terms from 鮮

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    trad. 鮮
    simp. 鲜
    alternative forms 鱻／鲜
    尟
    尠／鲜

    Rime
    Character 鮮
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息淺切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/siᴇnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/siɛnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sjænX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sianX/
    Li
    Rong         		/siɛnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭɛnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si̯ɛnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiǎn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sin2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鮮
    Reading # 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiǎn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sjenX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s][e]rʔ/
    English rare, few

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 鮮
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 13492
    Phonetic
    component         		鮮
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		獮
    Old
    Chinese         		/*senʔ/
    Notes 說文羴省聲
    Definitions[edit]

    鮮

    1. rare; little
    2. rarely; infrequently
    3. to lack; to be short of
    Compounds[edit]
    Derived terms from 鮮

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    trad. 鮮
    simp. 鲜

    Rime
    Character 鮮
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 私箭切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/siᴇnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/siɛnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sjænH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sianH/
    Li
    Rong         		/siɛnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭɛnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si̯ɛnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sin3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 鮮
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 13496
    Phonetic
    component         		鮮
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		線
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sens/
    Definitions[edit]

    鮮

    1. † Alternative form of 獻／献 (xiàn, “to offer; to present”).
    Compounds[edit]
    Derived terms from 鮮

    Further reading[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    鮮

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    鮮
    せん
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 鮮 (MC siᴇn, siᴇnX, siᴇnH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    鮮(せん) • (sen) ←せん (sen)?

    1. fresh
    2. vivid
    3. (Empire of Japan) Korea
      全(ぜん)鮮(せん) ― zensen ― the entirety of Korea
      内(ない)鮮(せん)一体(いったい) ― naisen ittai ― unification of the mainland and Korea

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    鮮 (eumhun 고울 선 (goul seon))

    1. Hanja form? of 선 (“smooth; fish”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    鮮: Hán Nôm readings: tiên, tắn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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