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原

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 厡
原 U+539F, 原
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-539F
← 厞
[U+539E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 厠 →
[U+53A0]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
10 strokes

原 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一竹日火 (MHAF), four-corner 71296, composition ⿸厂⿱白小)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 162, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2973
  • Dae Jaweon: page 368, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 74, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+539F

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 原
2nd round simp. 𰆖
alternative forms 厡
邍 “plain”
𠫐

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 原
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (原) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
羱 *ŋʷaːn, *ŋʷan
豲 *ɦŋʷaːn
謜 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *ŋʷan
縓 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *sŋ̊ʰʷans
原 *ŋʷan
源 *ŋʷan
厵 *ŋʷan
嫄 *ŋʷan
騵 *ŋʷan
榞 *ŋʷan
獂 *ŋʷan
蒝 *ŋʷan
願 *ŋʷans
傆 *ŋʷans
愿 *ŋʷans

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 泉 (“spring”) + 厂 (“cliff”) – a spring bursting from a cliff-side – origin. A conservative variant is 厡, in which water is well visible at the bottom.

Etymology

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The sense “source, origin; basic, primary” is perhaps related to 元 (OC *ŋon, “head; principal; first; great”) (Qiu, 1988). According to Schuessler (2007), in Shijing 原 meant "a plain" as well as "highland", thus perhaps also related to 元 (OC *ŋon) (see also Qiu, 2000).

元 and 原 had been used interchangeably in the sense "origin" until 原 became favoured in the early Ming dynasty to avoid the name of the Yuan dynasty. Confer 元由, 元來／元来 and 元配.[1]

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ngoeng2/ngyng2 - literary;
  • ngyoeng2 - newer literary;
  • nguei2/ngui2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • nguang5 - Shantou;
  • nguêng5 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 原
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 愚袁切
Baxter ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋuan/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiuɐn/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 原 原
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yuán yuán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjwon › ‹ ngjwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-ɢʷar/ /*N-ɢʷar/
English spring, source; origin high plain (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 原
Reading # 1/1
No. 16186
Phonetic
component 		原
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		元
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋʷan/
Notes 金文象泉源，爲源初文

Definitions

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原

  1. original; former; primary; prime; virgin
    原計劃／原计划  ―  yuán jìhuà  ―  original plan
  2. primitive; initial; basic; fundamental
    原人  ―  yuánrén  ―  primitive man
  3. unprocessed; raw; crude
    原礦／原矿  ―  yuánkuàng  ―  raw ore
  4. source; origin; beginning
    復原／复原  ―  fùyuán  ―  to return to a former state; to restore
  5. (literary, or in compounds) to forgive; to pardon; to excuse
    原諒／原谅  ―  yuánliàng  ―  to forgive
    原宥  ―  yuányòu  ―  to forgive
    原情 [Hokkien]  ―  goân-chêng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to forgive
  6. open country; plain; field; meadow
    草原  ―  cǎoyuán  ―  prairie
  7. originally; formerly; at the beginning
    他原是咱們公司的經歷。 [MSC, trad.]
    他原是咱们公司的经历。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yuán shì zánmen gōngsī de jīnglì. [Pinyin]
    He was originally the manager of our company.
  8. Alternative form of 塬 (plateau form (especially in northwest China))
  9. Original form of 源 (yuán, “fountainhead; source; origin; root”).
    本原  ―  běnyuán  ―  principle; source; origin
  10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to trace the source; to probe into
  11. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to originate; to arise
  12. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) again; once again
  13. a surname, Yuan

Synonyms

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  • (originally):
  • (to forgive):

Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ 清·郝懿行《晉宋書故·元由》：“今人爲書元俱作原字……葢起於前明初造事涉元朝文字簿書率皆易元爲原沿至今日”

Japanese

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Kanji

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原

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. hara: meadow [1]
  2. moto: original
  3. tazuneru: to inquire
  4. yurusu: to pardon a crime
  5. gen, as a clipping of 原(げん)子(し)力(りょく) (genshiryoku): nuclear power

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
原
はら
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, finished some time after 759 CE. Compare Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆯ〮 (pól, “field, plain”), whence modern 벌 (beol).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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原(はら) • (hara) 

  1. meadow, plain, field
Usage notes
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Specifically refers to a field that is not cultivated.

Proper noun

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原(はら) • (Hara) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
原
げん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 原 (MC ngjwon, “source; origin; beginning”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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原(げん) • (gen) 

  1. the original thing

Prefix

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原(げん) • (gen-) 

  1. the original
    原(げん)文(ぶん)、原(げん)材料(ざいりょう)
    genbun, gen-zairyō
    original document, original / raw materials

References

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  1. ^ “原”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 原 (MC ngjwon).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅯᆫ (Yale: ngwèn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 두던〮 (Yale: twùtén) 원 (Yale: wèn)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

原 (eumhun 언덕 원 (eondeok won))
原 (eumhun 근원 원 (geunwon won))

  1. hanja form? of 원 (“meadow”)
  2. hanja form? of 원 (“origin”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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原: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên, nguyễn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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