原

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See also: 厡
原 U+539F, 原
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-539F
← 厞
[U+539E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 厠 →
[U+53A0]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes

原 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一竹日火 (MHAF), four-corner 71296, composition ⿸厂⿱白小)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 162, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2973
  • Dae Jaweon: page 368, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 74, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+539F

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 原
2nd round simp. 𰆖
alternative forms 厡
邍 “plain”
𠫐

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 原
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (原) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
羱 *ŋʷaːn, *ŋʷan
豲 *ɦŋʷaːn
謜 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *ŋʷan
縓 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *sŋ̊ʰʷans
原 *ŋʷan
源 *ŋʷan
厵 *ŋʷan
嫄 *ŋʷan
騵 *ŋʷan
榞 *ŋʷan
獂 *ŋʷan
蒝 *ŋʷan
願 *ŋʷans
傆 *ŋʷans
愿 *ŋʷans

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 泉 (“spring”) + 厂 (“cliff”) – a spring bursting from a cliff-side – origin.

Etymology[edit]

The sense “source, origin; basic, primary” is perhaps related to 元 (OC *ŋon, “head; principal; first; great”) (Qiu, 1988). According to Schuessler (2007), in Shijing 原 meant "a plain" as well as "highland", thus perhaps also related to 元 (OC *ŋon) (see also Qiu, 2000).

元 and 原 had been used interchangeably in the sense "origin" until 原 became favoured in the early Ming dynasty to avoid the name of the Yuan dynasty. Confer 元由, 元來／元来 and 元配.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nguang5 - Shantou;
  • nguêng5 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 原
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 愚袁切
    Baxter ngjwon
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋʉɐn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋʷiɐn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiuɐn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋuan/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiuɐn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭwɐn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯wɐn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyun4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 原 原
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yuán yuán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjwon › ‹ ngjwon ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-ɢʷar/ /*N-ɢʷar/
    English spring, source; origin high plain (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 原
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16186
    Phonetic
    component         		原
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		元
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋʷan/
    Notes 金文象泉源，爲源初文

    Definitions[edit]

    原

    1. meadow; field; plain; prairie; tundra; wilderness
    2. source; origin; beginning
    3. Original form of 源 (yuán, “fountainhead; source”).
    4. basic; fundamental
    5. original; primary
    6. originally; at the beginning
    7. to originate; to arise
    8. to trace the source; to probe into
    9. (literary, or in compounds) to forgive; to pardon
      原諒／原谅  ―  yuánliàng  ―  to forgive
      原宥  ―  yuányòu  ―  to forgive
      原情 [Hokkien]  ―  goân-chêng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to forgive
    10. a surname: Yuan

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (originally):
    edit
    Synonyms of 原
    • (to forgive):
    edit
    Synonyms of 原

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 原

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 清·郝懿行《晉宋書故·元由》：“今人爲書元俱作原字……葢起於前明初造事涉元朝文字簿書率皆易元爲原沿至今日”

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    原

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    原
    はら
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, finished some time after 759 CE. Compare Korean 벌 (peol, “plain, field”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    原(はら) • (hara) 

    1. meadow, plain, field
    Usage notes[edit]

    Specifically refers to a field that is not cultivated.

    Proper noun[edit]

    原(はら) • (Hara) 

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    原
    げん
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 原 (MC ŋʉɐn, “source; origin; beginning”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    原(げん) • (gen) 

    1. the original thing

    Prefix[edit]

    原(げん) • (gen-) 

    1. the original
      原(げん)文(ぶん)、原(げん)材料(ざいりょう)
      genbun, gen-zairyō
      original document, original / raw materials

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 原 (MC ŋʉɐn).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅯᆫ (Yale: ngwèn)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 두던〮 (Yale: twùtén) 원 (Yale: wèn)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    原 (eumhun 언덕 원 (eondeok won))
    原 (eumhun 근원 원 (geunwon won))

    1. Hanja form? of 원 (“meadow”).
    2. Hanja form? of 원 (“origin”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    原: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên, nguyễn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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