原因

Chinese

		former; original; primary former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source	cause; reason; because
simp. and trad. (原因)		原	因
alternative forms		言因 Anxi Hokkien

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuányīn

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun⁴ jan¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngun³ yin¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngièn-yîn / ngiàn-yîn

(Hailu, HRS): ngien rhin^ˋ
Eastern Min (BUC): nguòng-ĭng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): goân-in / giân-in

(Teochew, Peng'im): nguang⁵ ing¹ / nguang⁵ êng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuányīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuányin
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²-yin¹
  - Yale: ywán-yīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanin
  - Palladius: юаньинь (juanʹinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    元音
    原因
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴ jan¹
  - Yale: yùhn yān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴ jan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴ yen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹ jɐn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngun³ yin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡun²² jin³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-yîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngien^ˇ in^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² yin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹ in²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-yîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngian^ˇ (r)in^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² yin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹ (j)in²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngien rhin^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋien⁵⁵ ʒin⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nguòng-ĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-in
  - Tâi-lô: guân-in
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goan'yn
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³⁻²² in⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³⁻³³ in⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² in³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ in⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² in⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Anxi)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giân-in
  - Tâi-lô: giân-in
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gien'yn
  - Sinological IPA (Anxi): /ɡiɛn²⁴⁻³³ in⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nguang⁵ ing¹ / nguang⁵ êng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng ing / nguâng eng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iŋ³³/, /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ eŋ³³/

Note: nguang5 êng1 - Jieyang.

Noun

原因

(countable) cause; reason (for something happening) (Classifier: 個／个 m)
查明原因 ― chámíng yuányīn ― to ascertain the cause

原因分析 ― yuányīn fēnxī ― cause analysis

失事原因不明。 ― Shīshì yuányīn bùmíng. ― The cause of the crash is not known.

蒂姆·伯頓導演的電影出名的原因是在這些影片中有很多的曲線。 [MSC, trad.]
蒂姆·伯顿导演的电影出名的原因是在这些影片中有很多的曲线。 [MSC, simp.]
Dìmǔ Bódùn dǎoyǎn de diànyǐng chūmíng de yuányīn shì zài zhèxiē yǐngpiàn zhōng yǒu hěnduō de qūxiàn. [Pinyin]
The movies Tim Burton directs are famous for their many curves.

急轉彎以避免撞到動物是造成車禍的主要原因。 [MSC, trad.]
急转弯以避免撞到动物是造成车祸的主要原因。 [MSC, simp.]
Jízhuǎnwān yǐ bìmiǎn zhuàng dào dòngwù shì zàochéng chēhuò de zhǔyào yuányīn. [Pinyin]
Swerving to avoid animals is a major cause of crashes.

Synonyms

edit

來由 / 来由 (láiyóu)
因由 (yīnyóu)
因端 (Hokkien)
因致端 (Hokkien)
基因 (jīyīn) (dated)
張本 / 张本 (zhāngběn) (literary)
成因 (chéngyīn)
所以然 (suǒyǐrán)
根由 (gēnyóu)
理由 (lǐyóu)
緣故 / 缘故 (yuángù)
緣由 / 缘由 (yuányóu)
緣起 / 缘起 (yuánqǐ)
肇因 (zhàoyīn)
苗頭 / 苗头 (Suzhounese)
言因 (Anxi Hokkien)
說道 / 说道 (shuōdao) (colloquial)
起因 (qǐyīn)
道理 (dàolǐ)
關係 / 关系

Antonyms

結果／结果 (jiéguǒ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (原因):

→ Japanese: 原因(げんいん) (gen'in)
→ Korean: 원인(原因) (wonin)
→ Vietnamese: nguyên nhân (原因)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
原	因
げん Grade: 2	いん Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) げんいん [gèń'íń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ĩɴ]

Noun

原(げん)因(いん) • (gen'in)

cause (source or reason of an event or action)

Usage notes

Not to be confused with 理(り)由(ゆう) (riyū). 理(り)由(ゆう) (riyū) refers to one's reasoning for doing or choosing something, while 原(げん)因(いん) (gen'in) refers to the cause or source of an event or problem.

Verb

原(げん)因(いん)する • (gen'in suru) intransitive suru (stem 原(げん)因(いん)し (gen'in shi), past 原(げん)因(いん)した (gen'in shita))

to arise from

Conjugation

Conjugation of "原因する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	原因し	げんいんし	gen'in shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	原因し	げんいんし	gen'in shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	原因する	げんいんする	gen'in suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	原因する	げんいんする	gen'in suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	原因すれ	げんいんすれ	gen'in sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	原因せよ¹ 原因しろ²	げんいんせよ¹ げんいんしろ²	gen'in seyo¹ gen'in shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	原因される	げんいんされる	gen'in sareru
Causative	原因させる原因さす	げんいんさせるげんいんさす	gen'in saseru gen'in sasu
Potential	原因できる	げんいんできる	gen'in dekiru
Volitional	原因しよう	げんいんしよう	gen'in shiyō
Negative	原因しない	げんいんしない	gen'in shinai
Negative continuative	原因せず	げんいんせず	gen'in sezu
Formal	原因します	げんいんします	gen'in shimasu
Perfective	原因した	げんいんした	gen'in shita
Conjunctive	原因して	げんいんして	gen'in shite
Hypothetical conditional	原因すれば	げんいんすれば	gen'in sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“原因”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
原	因

Noun

原因 • (wonin) (hangeul 원인)

hanja form^? of 원인 (“cause”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
原	因

Noun

原因

chữ Hán form of nguyên nhân (“cause; reason”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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