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U+6709, 有
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6709

[U+6708]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+670A]
U+3292, ㊒
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH HAVE

[U+3291]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3293]

🈶 U+1F236, 🈶
SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6709
🈵
[U+1F235]
Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈷
[U+1F237]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order (Japan)
6 strokes
Stroke order
(Chinese)
Stroke order
(Japan)

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 74, +2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大月 (KB), four-corner 40227, composition 𠂇)

Derived characters[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Despite the technically-correct radical being (meat) as described in this entry’s glyph origin section, is associated with the radical (moon) in dictionaries for historical reasons and is likewise written as if it contained the radical, i.e. it has instead of inside of .

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 504, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14332
  • Dae Jaweon: page 880, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2041, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6709

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𠂇
𢇔
𪠥

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɢʷɯʔ): phonetic (OC *ɢʷɯs, hand) + semantic (meat) – a hand holding meat, hence “in possession of”. The hand shape has been significantly abstracted; compare (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs).

Alternatively, the graph was perhaps originally intended for the word (OC *qʰɯːʔ, “minced pickled meat”), which also has the (OC *ɢʷɯs) element as phonetic.

Shuowen Jiezi and other ancient sources have erroneously analyzed the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɢʷɯʔ): phonetic (OC *ɢʷɯs) + semantic (moon). Shuowen Jiezi defines as "不宜有也" ("[to have something that] not should be had"), citing the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋傳): "日月有食之" ("There are solar and lunar eclipses"). As eclipses were not auspicious to the Chinese, they were "something that should not be happening". The component alludes to the inauspicious lunar eclipse.

Etymology[edit]

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan ཡོད (yod, to be; to have). Related to:

  • (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to offer, to sacrifice”) [causative, i.e. “to cause to have”]
  • (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) [adverbial]
  • (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “some; or”) [indefinite]

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note:
  • ô - vernacular;
  • īu - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • ū/ǔ - vernacular;
    • iú - literary.
    Note: iu2 - prefix.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (35)
    Final () (136)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter hjuwX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦɨuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦiuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣiəuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦuwX/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣiuX/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣĭəuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /i̯ə̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yǒu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jau5
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    yǒu
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hjuwX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
    English have, exist

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15595
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɢʷɯʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. to have; to possess (when a subject is present)
        ―  yǒu liǎng liàng chē.  ―  I have two cars.
      大象鼻子 [MSC, trad.]
      大象鼻子 [MSC, simp.]
      Dàxiàng yǒuzhe chángcháng de bízi. [Pinyin]
      Elephants have long trunks.
    2. there is; to exist (when a subject is absent)
        ―  Yǒu hěn duō rén.  ―  There are a lot of people.
      這兒这儿  ―  Zhèr yǒu shū ma?  ―  Are there any books here?
      這裡清新空氣 [MSC, trad.]
      这里清新空气 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhèlǐ yǒuzhe qīngxīn de kōngqì. [Pinyin]
      There is fresh air here.
    3. (euphemistic) to be pregnant with a child
    4. abundant; affluent
    5. many; much; (of time) long; (of age) old
    6. some (indefinite pronoun)
    7. (literary or dialectal) Placed before a verb to emphasize that the action has been done.
      古語古语 [Classical Chinese]  ―  gǔyǔ yǒu yún [Pinyin]  ―  as the saying goes (literally, “the old saying has said”)
      拄才出來 [Hokkien, trad.]
      拄才出来 [Hokkien, simp.]
      I tú-chiah ū chhut-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      He did come just now.
      海洋公園 [Cantonese, trad.]
      海洋公园 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 jau5 heoi3 gwo3 hoi2 joeng4 gung1 jyun4-2. [Jyutping]
      I have been to Ocean Park.
      看見看见  ―  yǒu kànjiàn guò tā.  ―  I have seen him.
    8. a surname
        ―  Yǒu  ―  Philosopher You
    9. A meaningless prefix.
        ―  yǒuxià  ―  China
    10. (Hokkien, Teochew) Particle used after a verb to indicate accomplishment or accomplishability of a goal.
      [Hokkien]  ―  thiaⁿ ū [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to understand (when listening); to be able to hear
      [Teochew]  ―  cuê7 u6 [Peng'im]  ―  to be able to find
    Usage notes[edit]
    • In Mandarin, is the only verb not negated with (). It is negated with (méi).
        ―  wǒ méiyǒu qián  ―  I don't have any money
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to exist):
    • (particle used after a verb to indicate accomplishment):

    Antonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (u); (ゆう) ()
    • Vietnamese: hữu ()

    Pronunciation 2[edit]


    Definitions[edit]

    1. Alternative form of (yòu, again)
    2. Alternative form of (yòu, and; with a remainder of (when dividing an integer by ten))

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. have; possess; own
    2. to exist; to bring into existence
    3. keep; maintain
    4. happen; occur

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ゆう
    Grade: 3
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC hjuwX). The sense “and, with a remainder of” is from Middle Chinese / (MC hjuwH).

    The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    (ゆう) (いう (iu)?

    1. exist
    2. have; possess; own
    3. (between numbers) and; with a remainder of
    Derived terms[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ゆう) (いう (iu)?

    1. existence
    2. possession
    3. (Buddhism) Synonym of (u)
    4. Short for 有限会社 (yūgengaisha, limited company).

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 3
    goon

    From Middle Chinese (MC hjuwX).

    The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    () (u

    1. exist
    Derived terms[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    () (u

    1. (Buddhism) bhava (becoming, existence)​

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    なお
    Grade: 3
    nanori

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    (なお) (Nao

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 3
    nanori
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    H
    [verb] (Classical Japanese) to be, to exist
    Alternative spelling
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    あ(り)
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    [noun] nominalization of 有る (aru): there is, available
    [noun] (colloquial) OK, acceptable
    [verb] stem or continuative conjugation of 有る (aru)
    [verb] Classical Japanese form of 有る (aru): to be, to exist
    Alternative spellings
    在り,
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 있을 (isseul yu))

    1. Hanja form? of (to possess; to have; to exist).

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Việt readings: hữu[1][2][3]
    : Nôm readings: hữu[1][3][4][5], hỡi[2][6], hơi[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of hữu (to have; to own).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)