友

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友 U+53CB, 友
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CB
← 及
[U+53CA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 双 →
[U+53CC]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order
友-order.gif

Han character[edit]

友 (radical 29, 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大水 (KE), four-corner 40047, composition ⿸𠂇又)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 165, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3119
  • Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53CB

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 友

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 友
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
友-oracle.svg 友-bronze.svg 友-seal.svg 友-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (又) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
絠 *kɯːʔ
醢 *qʰɯːʔ
珛 *qʰʷɯs
栯 *ɢʷɯʔ, *qʷɯ
有 *ɢʷɯʔ
友 *ɢʷɯʔ
右 *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs
宥 *ɢʷɯs
囿 *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ
侑 *ɢʷɯs
酭 *ɢʷɯs
姷 *ɢʷɯs
又 *ɢʷɯs
佑 *ɢʷɯs
祐 *ɢʷɯs
賄 *qʰʷɯːʔ
蛕 *qʰʷɯːʔ, *ɡʷɯː
烠 *ɡʷɯː
倄 *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
鮪 *ɢʷɯʔ
洧 *ɢʷɯʔ
痏 *ɢʷɯʔ
郁 *qʷɯ
戫 *qʷɯ
哊 *ɡʷɯ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 又 (“hand”) + 又 (“hand”) – two right hands meeting in friendship. Also phono-semantic (形聲), from 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs).

Etymology[edit]

Endoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan གྲོགས (grogs, “friend; companion”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • jau5-2 - “guy; bloke”.
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 友
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 云 (35)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 云久切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦɨuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦiuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣiəuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦuwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣiuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣĭəuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯ə̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yǒu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jau5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 友
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yǒu
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hjuwX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
    English friend

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 友
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15596
    Phonetic
    component         		又
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		有
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷɯʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    友

    1. friend; companion
      窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
      From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Yǎotiǎoshūnǚ, qínsè yǒu zhī. [Pinyin]
      The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome.
    2. fraternity
    3. (Cantonese, colloquial, slightly impolite) guy; bloke (Classifier: 條／条; 班)
      西裝友 / 西装友 [Cantonese]  ―  sai1 zong1 jau5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  guy in a suit
    4. A surname​.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 友

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    友

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. friend

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    友
    とも
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 友 – see the following entry.
    【とも】
    [noun] friend, companion, comrade, pal
    [noun] member of the same category
    Alternative spellings
    友, 朋
    (This term, 友, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    友(ゆう) • (Yū) 

    1. A male given name

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 友 (MC ɦɨuX).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangeul: [우(ː)]
      • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    友 (eumhun 벗 우 (beot u))

    1. Hanja form? of 우 (“friend; companion”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    友: Hán Nôm readings: hữu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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