朋友

Chinese[edit]

		friend	friend
simp. and trad. (朋友)		朋	友

Wikipedia has articles on:

朋友 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
朋友 (Cantonese)
Pêng-iú (Min Nan)
Bèng-iū (Min Dong)

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): péngyou, péngyǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ ˙ㄧㄡ, ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ

(Chengdu, SP): pong² you³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pang⁴ jau⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): pang³ yiu⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): pung² iu
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phèn-yû

(Meixian, Guangdong): pên² yu¹
Jin (Wiktionary): peng¹ iou²
Min Bei (KCR): bǎing-iǔ
Min Dong (BUC): bèng-īu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pêng-iú

(Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵ iu²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Shanghainese): ⁶ban-yeu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: péngyou
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ˙ㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péngyo̊u
  - Wade–Giles: pʻêng²-yu⁵
  - Yale: péng-you
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng.iou
  - Palladius: пэнъю (pɛnʺju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: péngyǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péngyǒu
  - Wade–Giles: pʻêng²-yu³
  - Yale: péng-yǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perngyeou
  - Palladius: пэнъю (pɛnʺju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pong² you³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pungju
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoŋ²¹ iəu⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pang⁴ jau⁵
  - Yale: pàhng yáuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pang⁴ jau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: peng⁴ yeo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: pang³ yiu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ²² jiu²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pung² iu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuŋ²⁴ iu²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phèn-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: penˇ iu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pen² yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰen¹¹ i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phèn-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: penˇ (r)iu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pen² yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰen¹¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pên² yu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰɛn¹¹ iu⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: peng¹ iou²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰxə̃ŋ¹¹ iəu⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǎing-iǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paiŋ²¹ iu²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bèng-īu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(Ø-)ŋieu³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-iú
  - Tâi-lô: pîng-iú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peng'iuo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³⁻²² iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /peŋ²⁴⁻²¹ iu⁴²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /peŋ²³⁻²¹ iu⁴⁴⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pêng⁵ iu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng iú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ban-yeu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation: ³ban-hhieu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bã²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: bong hjuwX

Rime
Character	朋	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	登 (129)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	步崩切	云久切
Baxter	bong	hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bəŋ/	/ɦɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bəŋ/	/ɦiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bəŋ/	/ɣiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəŋ/	/ɦuw^X/
Li Rong	/bəŋ/	/ɣiu^X/
Wang Li	/bəŋ/	/ɣĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱəŋ/	/i̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	péng	yǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pang⁴	jau⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤəŋ [ɢ]ʷəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ ɢʷɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朋	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	péng	yǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ bong ›	‹ hjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁəŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English	set of cowries; friend	friend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朋	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9663	15596
Phonetic component	朋	又
Rime group	蒸	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	朋	有
Old Chinese	/*bɯːŋ/	/*ɢʷɯʔ/

Noun[edit]

朋友

friend (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 位 m c)
童年的朋友 ― tóngnián de péngyǒu ― childhood friend

結交新朋友／结交新朋友 ― jiéjiāo xīn péngyǒu ― to make new friends

他不知道朋友的家在哪裡。 [MSC, trad.]
他不知道朋友的家在哪里。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā bù zhīdào péngyǒu de jiā zài nǎlǐ. [Pinyin]
He doesn't know where his friend's house is.

呢個係我個朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
呢个系我个朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
ni¹ go³ hai⁶ ngo⁵ go³ pang⁴ jau⁵. [Jyutping]
This is my friend.

伊毋知朋友的厝佇佗位。 [Hokkien, trad.]
伊毋知朋友的厝伫佗位。 [Hokkien, simp.]
I m̄ chai pêng-iú ê chhù tī tó-ūi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
He doesn't know where his friend's house is.

伊唔知朋友個內在底塊。 [Teochew, trad.]
伊唔知朋友个内在底块。 [Teochew, simp.]
i¹ m⁶ zai¹ pêng⁵ iu² gai⁵ lai⁶ do⁶ di⁷ go³. [Peng'im]
He doesn't know where his friend's house is.

你的近況斷續從朋友口中傳到我耳畔。 [MSC, trad.]
你的近况断续从朋友口中传到我耳畔。 [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ de jìnkuàng duànxù cóng péngyǒu kǒu zhōng chuán dào wǒ ěrpàn. [Pinyin]
Your news intermittently came to my ears through friends' words.

我跟她真的只是普通朋友。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Wǒ gēn tā zhēnde zhǐshì pǔtōng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]
She and I are really just friends.

世界上最可悲的事情，莫過於你喜歡他，他卻只把你當朋友。 [MSC, trad.]
世界上最可悲的事情，莫过于你喜欢他，他却只把你当朋友。 [MSC, simp.]
Shìjiè shàng zuì kěbēi de shìqíng, mòguòyú nǐ xǐhuān tā, tā què zhǐ bǎ nǐ dāng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]
The saddest thing in the world is liking someone but they only see you as a friend.
(euphemistic) boyfriend or girlfriend; partner

Synonyms[edit]

(friend):

交丸 (Min Nan)
交遊／交游 (jiāoyóu) (literary)
友人 (yǒurén)
捧油 (pěngyóu) (slang)
捧由 (pěngyóu) (slang)
朋友伙 (bǎing-iǔ-huǎ) (Min Bei)
盆友 (pényǒu) (neologism, Internet slang, humorous, cute-sounding)
相與／相与 (xiāngyǔ) (literary)

Antonyms[edit]

(friend):

仇人 (chóurén)
仇家 (chóujiā)
仇敵／仇敌 (chóudí)
寇仇 (kòuchóu) (literary)
對頭／对头 (duìtou)
對頭子／对头子 (Pingxiang Gan)
敵人／敌人 (dírén)

Hyponyms[edit]

(friend): 好友 (hǎoyǒu, “good friend”), 老友 (lǎoyǒu, “old friend”)

Derived terms[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): péngyǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: péngyǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péngyǒu
  - Wade–Giles: pʻêng²-yu³
  - Yale: péng-yǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perngyeou
  - Palladius: пэнъю (pɛnʺju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Noun[edit]

朋友

(archaic) large number of retainers
(archaic, Ming dynasty) designation given by government bureaucrats to Confucian students

Synonyms[edit]

(large number of retainers): (archaic) 群臣 (qúnchén)

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (朋友):

→ Japanese: 朋友(ほうゆう) (hōyū)
→ Korean: 붕우(朋友) (bung'u)
→ Vietnamese: bằng hữu (朋友)

Others:

→ Hmong (Leng/Der): fim ywg
→ White Hmong: phooj ywg
→ Zhuang: baengzyoux

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
朋	友
ほう Jinmeiyō	ゆう Grade: 2
on’yomi

/hoː iu/ → /hoːjiu/ → /hoːjuː/

From Middle Chinese compound 朋友 (MC bong hjuwX).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) ほーゆう [hòóyúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ho̞ːjɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun[edit]

朋(ほう)友(ゆう) • (hōyū) ^{←ほういう (fouiu)^?}
(alternative reading hiragana ぼうゆう, rōmaji bōyū, historical hiragana ぼういう)

(uncommon) a friend
Synonyms: 友達 (tomodachi), 仲間 (nakama), 友人 (yūjin) (more common)

Antonym: 仇敵 (kyūteki)

Derived terms[edit]

知己(ちき)朋友(ほうゆう) (chiki hōyū, “acquaintance”)

Proverbs[edit]

善(ぜん)を責(せ)むるは朋友(ほうゆう)の道(みち)なり (zen o semuru wa hōyū no michi nari)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
朋	友
ぽん Jinmeiyō	ゆう Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative spellings
ポンユーポン友

Borrowing from Mandarin 朋友 (péngyǒu).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) ポンユー [pòń'yúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [põ̞ɰ̃jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun[edit]

朋友(ポンユー) • (pon'yū)

(slang, dated) a friend

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese[edit]

chữ Hán in this term
朋	友

Noun[edit]

朋友

chữ Hán form of bằng hữu (“friend”).

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-2] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

朋友

Contents

Chinese[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Hyponyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Proverbs[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Noun[edit]

Navigation menu

朋友

Chinese[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Hyponyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Proverbs[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Noun[edit]

Navigation menu

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