卻

See also: 却, 郤, and 㕁

卻 U+537B, 卻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-537B ← 卺 [U+537A] CJK Unified Ideographs 卼 → [U+537C]

Translingual

Japanese	却
Simplified	却
Traditional	卻

Han character

卻 (radical 26, 卩+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 金口尸中 (CRSL), four-corner 8762₀, composition ⿰谷卩(GHTKV) or ⿰𧮫卩(J))

Derived characters

• 𠊬, 𠶸, 𢔱, 𢜭, 腳, 𦃁, 𧍕, 𨍖, 𤷽
• 㮝 (Exception: Only for mainland China. Taiwan character form contains 郤 instead)

Related characters

• 却 (Preferred form used in mainland China and Japan)

References

• KangXi: page 159, character 28
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2867
• Dae Jaweon: page 365, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 317, character 2
• Unihan data for U+537B

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Chinese

trad.		卻/却
simp.		却
variant forms		㕁 𨚫 郤 ⿰厺卩 ⿰谷卪 㕁 𨚫 郤 ⿰厺卩 ⿰谷卪 ⿰⿱八𢀛阝

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 卻
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (郤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
腳	*kaɡ
脚	*kaɡ
卻	*kaɡ, *kʰaɡ
却	*kʰaɡ
谻	*kraɡ, *kraɡ
郤	*kʰraɡ
綌	*kʰraɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ): phonetic 𧮫 + semantic 卩.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): què (que⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): quo²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): koek³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kiak²

• Gan (Wiktionary): qioh⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khiok

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kiog⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): qieh⁴ / qyeh⁴
• Min Bei (KCR): kiŏ̤
• Min Dong (BUC): kiók
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khiok / khiak / khioh

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiag⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): qiaq (T4)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): qio⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: què
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'üeh⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: quo²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiuo
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyo²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: koek³
    • Yale: keuk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koek⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kêg³
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰœ̽ːk̚³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kiak²
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰiak̚⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: qioh⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiɔʔ⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiok
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiog`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiog⁵
    • IPA: /kʰi̯ok̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kiog⁵
    • IPA: /cʰiɔk̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qieh⁴ / qyeh⁴
    • IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/, /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/

Note:

• qieh4 - vernacular;
• qyeh4 - literary.

Min Bei

• (Jian'ou)
  • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiŏ̤
  • IPA ^(key): /kʰiɔ²⁴/

Min Dong

• (Fuzhou)
  • Bàng-uâ-cê: kiók
  • IPA ^(key): /kʰyɔʔ²⁴/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiok
  • Tâi-lô: khiok
  • Phofsit Daibuun: qiog
  • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔk̚⁵/
• (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiak
  • Tâi-lô: khiak
  • Phofsit Daibuun: qiag
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiak̚³²/
• (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khioh
  • Tâi-lô: khioh
  • Phofsit Daibuun: qioiq
  • IPA (Taipei): /kʰioʔ³²/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɤʔ³²/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kiag⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiak
  • IPA ^(key): /kʰiak̚²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: qiaq (T4)
  • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰia̱ʔ⁵⁵/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: qio⁶
  • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰio²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨɐk̚/, /kʰɨɐk̚/▼

Rime
Character	卻	卻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居勺切	去約切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐk̚/	/kʰɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐk̚/	/kʰiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɑk̚/	/kʰiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨak̚/	/kʰɨak̚/
Li Rong	/kiak̚/	/kʰiak̚/
Wang Li	/kĭak̚/	/kʰĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ak̚/	/kʰi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jue	que

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaɡ/, /*kʰaɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	卻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	què
Middle Chinese	‹ khjak ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰak/
English	decline, refuse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	卻	卻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10739	10740
Phonetic component	郤	郤
Rime group	鐸	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	腳
Old Chinese	/*kaɡ/	/*kʰaɡ/

Definitions

卻

1. ^† to withdraw; to retreat
2. ^† to drive back (enemy)
3. ^† to decline; to refuse
4. ^† (particle placed after monosyllabic verbs) to do away with
5. (literary, only sentence-medially) but; yet; however

Compounds

• 了卻／了却 (liǎoquè)
• 免卻／免却
• 冷卻／冷却 (lěngquè)
• 冷卻器／冷却器
• 前卻／前却
• 剗卻／刬却
• 卻不／却不
• 卻不道／却不道
• 卻之不恭／却之不恭
• 卻又／却又
• 卻少／却少
• 卻待／却待 (quèdài)
• 卻後／却后
• 卻扇／却扇
• 卻是／却是 (quèshì)
• 卻月／却月

• 卻步／却步 (quèbù)
• 卻略／却略
• 卻病／却病
• 卻病延年／却病延年
• 卻立／却立
• 卻纔／却才
• 卻老／却老
• 卻行／却行
• 卻說／却说 (quèshuō)
• 失卻／失却 (shīquè)
• 忘卻／忘却 (wàngquè)
• 拋卻／抛却
• 拒卻／拒却
• 拚卻／拚却
• 拼卻／拼却
• 推卻／推却 (tuīquè)

• 擺袖卻金／摆袖却金
• 望而卻步／望而却步
• 杜門卻掃／杜门却扫
• 盛情難卻／盛情难却
• 省卻／省却
• 瞞卻／瞒却
• 謝卻／谢却
• 趑趄卻顧／趑趄却顾
• 輕水冷卻／轻水冷却
• 辭卻／辞却
• 退卻／退却 (tuìquè)
• 閉門卻掃／闭门却扫
• 閉關卻掃／闭关却扫
• 闔門卻掃／阖门却扫
• 除卻／除却 (chúquè)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00457
• “卻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• (Min Nan) “Entry #4718”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

卻

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. Alternative form of 却 (“instead; on the contrary”)

Readings

• On (unclassified): きゃく (kyaku)
• Kun: しりぞく (shirizoku); しりぞける (shirizokeru); かえって (kaette)

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Korean

Hanja

卻 • (gak) (hangeul 각, revised gak, McCune–Reischauer kak)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

卻 (khước)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation