富

See also: 冨

富 U+5BCC, 富 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BCC ← 寋 [U+5BCB] CJK Unified Ideographs 寍 → [U+5BCD]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

Stroke order (Japan)

富 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十一口田 (JMRW), four-corner 3060₆, composition ⿱宀畐)

Derived characters

• 𫣡, 𠾙, 𡡩, 𢠲, 𪷛, 𬁗, 𬋋, 䒇, 𣎬, 𧬙, 𨬬, 𩍏, 𫙻, 𪧰, 𪆠, 䔰, 𩯅, 𡬂

Related characters

• 冨 (Variant form)

References

• KangXi: page 288, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7230
• Dae Jaweon: page 571, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 942, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5BCC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		富
2nd round simp.		𫲷
alternative forms		冨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 富
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
富	*pɯɡs
輻	*pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副	*pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔	*pʰɯɡs
蔔	*bɯːɡ
匐	*bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼	*prɯɡ
偪	*prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅	*prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅	*prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢	*prɯɡ
堛	*pʰrɯɡ
愊	*pʰrɯɡ
踾	*pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊	*pʰrɯɡ
稫	*pʰrɯɡ
畐	*pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈	*pʰrɯɡ
腷	*brɯɡ
鶝	*brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福	*pɯɡ
蝠	*pɯɡ
葍	*pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pɯɡs): semantic 宀 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology

Bodman (1980) compares it to Tibetan ཕྱུག (phyug, “rich; wealthy”), ཕྱུགས (phyugs, “all beasts that can be domesticated or subjugated by man; cattle”), but the vowels do not match with Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).

Sagart (1999) relates it to 寶 (OC *puːʔ), but see there for more. In later work, Sagart (2011b, 2017d) connects it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pʷak (“pig”), comparing the semantic development from “pig” to “rich” to Latin pecunia (“money”), which is derived from Latin pecu (“cattle; domestic animals”), and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C.pək (“pig”). However, the Tibeto-Burman word for “pig” is usually compared to 豝 (OC *praː, “sow”).

Cognate with 福 (OC *pɯɡ, “blessing”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): fu⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu³
• Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fu⁴

• Min Dong (BUC): hó / bó
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hù / pù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bu³

• Wu (Wiktionary): ²fu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: fu⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fou⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu³
    • Yale: fu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hó / bó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou²¹³/, /pou²¹³/

Note:

• hó - colloquial;
• bó - literary.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
  • Tâi-lô: hù
  • Phofsit Daibuun: hux
  • IPA (Taipei): /hu¹¹/
  • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hu⁴¹/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hu²¹/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pù
  • Tâi-lô: pù
  • Phofsit Daibuun: pux
  • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pu⁴¹/
  • IPA (Taipei): /pu¹¹/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pu²¹/

Note:

• hù - literary;
• pù - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: bu³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pù
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu²¹³/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: ²fu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fv̩ʷ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: /pɨu^H/

Rime
Character	富
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方副切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/piuH/
Shao Rongfen	/piəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwH/
Li Rong	/piuH/
Wang Li	/pĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	富
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*pək-s/
English	rich; wealth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	富
Reading #	1/1
No.	3372
Phonetic component	畐
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	富
Old Chinese	/*pɯɡs/

Definitions

富

1. abundant; ample
2. rich; wealthy
3. wealth
4. to make rich; to make wealthy
5. a surname: Fu
6. (～縣) Fu County, Fuxian (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)

Compounds

• 富人 (fùrén)
• 富含 (fùhán)
• 富商 (fùshāng)
• 富城坪 (Fùchéngpíng)
• 富基 (Fùjī)
• 富婆 (fùpó)
• 富家 (fùjiā)
• 富庶 (fùshù)
• 富有 (fùyǒu)
• 富民 (fùmín)
• 富池 (Fùchí)
• 富泰 (fùtài)
• 富源 (fùyuán)
• 富甲一方 (fùjiǎyīfāng)
• 富盛 (fùshèng)
• 富翁 (fùwēng)

• 富裕 (fùyù)
• 富豪 (fùháo)
• 富足 (fùzú)
• 巨富 (jùfù)
• 新富 (Xīnfù)
• 致富 (zhìfù)
• 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn)
• 阿富汗尼 (āfùhànní)
• 富里 (Fùlǐ)
• 國富民強／国富民强 (guófùmínqiáng)
• 富可敵國／富可敌国 (fùkědíguó)
• 富國／富国 (fùguó)
• 富富有餘／富富有余
• 富實／富实 (fùshí)
• 富強／富强 (fùqiáng)
• 富態／富态 (fùtai)

• 富戶／富户 (fùhù)
• 富於／富于 (fùyú)
• 富營養化／富营养化 (fùyíngyǎnghuà)
• 富產／富产
• 富礦／富矿 (fùkuàng)
• 富貴／富贵 (fùguì)
• 富農／富农 (fùnóng)
• 富錦／富锦 (Fùjǐn)
• 富餘／富余 (fùyu)
• 富饒／富饶 (fùráo)
• 富麗／富丽 (fùlì)
• 李富莊／李富庄 (Lǐfùzhuāng)
• 豐富／丰富 (fēngfù)
• 財富／财富 (cáifù)
• 貧富／贫富 (pínfù)

Descendants

• → English: Fu

References

• “富”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

富

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. wealth
2. enrich
3. abundant

Readings

• Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ふう (fū, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: とむ (tomu, 富む, Jōyō); とみ (tomi, 富, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 豊(ほう)富(ふ) (hōfu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
富
とみ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 富(と)む (tomu, “to be rich”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) と​み [tóꜜmì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [to̞mʲi]

Noun

富(とみ) • (tomi) 

1. wealth; fortune

Korean

Hanja

富 (eumhun 부유할 부 (buyuhal bu))

1. Hanja form^? of 부 (“wealth”).

Compounds

• 부자(富者) (buja, “rich person”)
• 부유(富裕) (buyu, “wealth”)

Vietnamese

Han character

富: Hán Việt readings: phú
富: Nôm readings: phú

1. chữ Hán form of phú (“wealth”).

Compounds

• 富家 (phú gia)
• 富貴 (phú quý / phú quí)