阿富汗

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (阿富汗)		阿	富	汗

Etymology

Possibly from Persian افغان (afġân); attested in 瀛寰志略 [1848] by Xu Jiyu.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Āfùhàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄚ ㄈㄨˋ ㄏㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): aa³ fu³ hon⁶ / o¹ fu³ hon⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Â-fu-hon
• Eastern Min (BUC): Ŏ̤-hô-gâng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): A-hù-hān
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹a-fu-ghoe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Āfùhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄚ ㄈㄨˋ ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Afùhàn
    • Wade–Giles: A¹-fu⁴-han⁴
    • Yale: Ā-fù-hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Afuhhann
    • Palladius: Афухань (Afuxanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ xän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: aa³ fu³ hon⁶ / o¹ fu³ hon⁶
    • Yale: a fu hohn / ō fu hohn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: aa³ fu³ hon⁶ / o¹ fu³ hon⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: a³ fu³ hon⁶ / o¹ fu³ hon⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aː³³ fuː³³ hɔːn²²/, /ɔː⁵⁵ fuː³³ hɔːn²²/

Note: o1 fu3 hon6 - rare.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Â-fu-hon
    • Hakka Romanization System: a^ˊ fu hon
    • Hagfa Pinyim: a¹ fu⁴ hon⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /a²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵ hon⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Ŏ̤-hô-gâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /o⁵⁵⁻²¹ ^(h-)u²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(k-)ɑŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: A-hù-hān
    • Tâi-lô: A-hù-hān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: a'huo'han
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /a³³ hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ han⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /a⁴⁴⁻²² hu²¹⁻⁵³ han²²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹a-fu-ghoe
    • MiniDict: a^平 fu ghoe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹a-fu-hhoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /a⁵⁵ fu³³ ɦø²¹/

Proper noun

阿富汗

1. Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)
   • 1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 3, page 41:

     考泰西人所刻地圖，及所著書，五印度之西，土耳其之東，止有波斯一國，阿富汗俾路芝皆波斯地，乃近代所分割，非古建國。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     考泰西人所刻地图，及所著书，五印度之西，土耳其之东，止有波斯一国，阿富汗俾路芝皆波斯地，乃近代所分割，非古建国。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Kǎo tàixī rén suǒ kè dìtú, jí suǒ zhù shū, Wǔyìndù zhī xī, Tǔ'ěrqí zhī dōng, zhǐ yǒu Bōsī yī guó, Āfùhàn Bǐlùzhī jiē Bōsī dì, nǎi jìndài suǒ fēngē, fēi gǔ jiàn guó. [Pinyin]

     Examining the maps of the Westerners and their books, west of India and east of Turkey was only one country Persia. Afghanistan and Balochistan were both Persian territories which were divided in recent times; they were not established in the days of old.

   • 阿富汗，即愛烏罕。其國北界布哈爾，南界俾路支，東界印度，西界波斯，東西二千餘里。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     阿富汗，即爱乌罕。其国北界布哈尔，南界俾路支，东界印度，西界波斯，东西二千余里。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1929, Zhao Erxun (lead editor), Draft History of Qing

     Āfùhàn, jí Àiwūhǎn. Qí guó běi jiè Bùhā'ěr, nán jiè Bǐlùzhī, dōng jiè Yìndù, xī jiè Bōsī, dōngxī èrqiān yú lǐ. [Pinyin]

     Afghanistan (Afuhan), is [also transcribed as] Aiwuhan. This country borders Bukhara to its north, Balochistan to its south, India to its east, and Persia to its west. It spans more than two thousand li from east to west.

   • 2006 June 18, 禁殺人‎^[1], spoken by 李思敬 [Stephen Lee], Mississauga: 西區華人基督教會 [West Toronto Christian Community Church]:

     討論下戰爭應唔應該啦，加拿大，係唔係啊，派軍隊去阿富汗 [Cantonese, trad.]
     讨论下战争应唔应该啦，加拿大，系唔系啊，派军队去阿富汗 [Cantonese, simp.]

     tou² leon⁶ haa⁵ zin³ zang¹ jing¹ m⁴ jing¹ goi¹ laa¹, gaa¹ naa⁴ daai⁶, hai⁶ m⁴ hai⁶ aa¹, paai³ gwan¹ deoi^6-2 heoi³ o¹ fu³ hon⁶ [Jyutping]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

• (obsolete) 愛烏罕／爱乌罕

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (阿富汗):

• → Vietnamese: A Phú Hãn (阿富汗)

See also

• 阿富汗尼 (āfùhànní)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
阿	富	汗

Proper noun

阿富汗

1. chữ Hán form of A Phú Hãn (“(dated) Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)”)