西
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
西 (radical 146 西+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一金田 (MCW), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一𠁤)
Usage notes[edit]
西 is the 146th radical of the Chinese dictionary. In its few compounds it most often appears at the top in the form 覀 as in 覄. It is important to distinguish it from 襾 and 酉.
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1128, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34763
- Dae Jaweon: page 1595, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2805, character 2
- Unihan data for U+897F
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
西 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 㢴 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 西
|
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|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (西) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 粞 | *sɯːl, *sɯːl |
| 洒 | *sraːls, *sɯːlʔ |
| 西 | *sɯːl |
| 卤 | *sɯːl |
| 卥 | *sɯːl |
| 栖 | *sɯːl, *sɯːls |
| 茜 | *sʰɯːns |
| 哂 | *hjɯnʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a bag or basket, borrowed for phonetic value. Compare 東 (OC *toːŋ, “bundle > east”). Traditionally explained as a pictogram of a bird settling into its nest, which by analogy with the setting of the sun means “west”. This etymology has been disputed (Sears), but Sagart (2004) stands by it.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sai1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sî
- Min Dong (BUC): să̤
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): xi (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
- Wade-Giles: hsih1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
- IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sai1
- Yale: sāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai1
- Guangdong Romanization: sei1
- IPA (key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
- Hakka Romanization System: xi´
- Hagfa Pinyim: xi1
- IPA: /ɕi²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: să̤
- IPA (key): /sɛ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note:
- sai - vernacular;
- se - literary;
- si - vernacular (limited, e.g. 西瓜).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sai1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sai
- IPA (key): /sai³³/
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: xi (T1)
- IPA (key): /ɕi⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 西 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕi²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕi²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /si²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /si²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕi²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ɕji⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕi³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /si³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /sz̩²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕi¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕi¹³/ /sei¹³/ ～瓜 |
|
| Hohhot | /ɕi³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /si⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɕi³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /sei³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /si³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /se¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /si³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /si³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕi⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /si⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /si²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐi⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /ɬɐi⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐi⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /se⁵⁵/ /sai⁵⁵/ 東～ /si⁵⁵/ ～瓜 |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /sɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /sai⁵⁴/ /si⁵⁴/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /si³³/ /sai³³/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /si²³/ /tai²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 西 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 先稽切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/sei/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/sei/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/sɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/sɛj/ |
| Li Rong |
/sei/ |
| Wang Li |
/siei/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/siei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xī |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 西 | 西 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xī | xī |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ sej › | ‹ sej › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-nˤər/ | /*s-nˤər/ |
| English | west | west |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 西 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13236 |
| Phonetic component |
西 |
| Rime group |
微 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
西 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sɯːl/ |
Definitions[edit]
西
Coordinate terms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 西
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
西
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 西欧 (Seiō): Western Europe
- 西瓜 (suika): watermelon
- 西経 (seikei): west longitude
- 西の対 (nishi no tai)
Usage notes[edit]
nishi may be used as separate word. sei, on the other hand, is used mainly in compounds, like 西南 (せいなん seinan) - south west (literally "west south").
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 西 |
| にし Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Noun[edit]
- the west
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- A surname.
References[edit]
- ^ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
西 • (seo)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the West
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
- Sơn Tây 山西
- Tây Sơn 西山
- Sài Gòn 西貢
- phía tây : 費西
References[edit]
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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