西
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
西 (radical 146, 西+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一金田 (MCW), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一𠁤)
Usage notes[edit]
西 is the 146th radical of the Chinese dictionary. In its few compounds it most often appears at the top in the form 覀 as in 覄. It is important to distinguish it from 襾 and 酉.
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1128, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34763
- Dae Jaweon: page 1595, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2805, character 2
- Unihan data for U+897F
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
西 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 㢴 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 西 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (西) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 粞 | *sɯːl, *sɯːl |
| 洒 | *sraːls, *sɯːlʔ |
| 西 | *sɯːl |
| 卤 | *sɯːl |
| 卥 | *sɯːl |
| 栖 | *sɯːl, *sɯːls |
| 茜 | *sʰɯːns |
| 哂 | *hjɯnʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a bag or basket, borrowed for phonetic value. Compare 東 (OC *toːŋ, “bundle > east”). Traditionally explained as a pictogram of a bird settling into its nest, which by analogy with the setting of the sun means “west”. This etymology has been disputed (Sears), but Sagart (2004) stands by it.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
西
Coordinate terms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 西
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
西
- west
- Europe, European
- kanji used to transliterate foreign languages
- Short for 西班牙 (Supein): Spain, Spanish
- autumn
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: すい (sui)
- Kun: にし (nishi, 西, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あき (aki); いり (iri); かわち (kawachi)←かはち (kafati, historical)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 西域 (saiiki)
- 西下 (saika)
- 西国 (saikoku), 西国 (saigoku)
- 西方 (saihō)
- 西方 (seihō)
- 西域 (seiiki)
- 西欧 (Seiō, “Western Europe”)
- 西紀 (seiki)
- 西経 (seikei, “west longitude”)
- 西蔵 (Seizō)
- 西哲 (seitetsu)
- 西部 (seibu)
- 西風 (seifū)
- 西洋 (seiyō, “the West, western countries”)
- 西暦 (seireki, “western calendar”)
- 西瓜 (suika, “watermelon”)
- 西海 (saikai), 西海 (Saikai)
- 以西 (isei)
- 関西 (Kansai)
- 泰西 (taisei)
- 鎮西 (Chinzei)
- 東西 (tōzai)
- 日西 (Nissei)
- 米西戦争 (Bei-Sei Sensō)
- 北西 (hokusei)
- 西比利亜 (Shiberia)
- 西班牙 (Supein)
- 西蔵 (Chibetto)
- 仏蘭西 (Furansu)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 西 |
| にし Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From adnominal 往にし (inishi, “leaving, passing”), as the direction of sunset. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- west (one of the four cardinal directions)
- Antonym: 東 (higashi)
- the West
- wind blowing from the west
- Antonym: 東 (higashi)
- (theater) in kabukii:
- (sumo) lower-ranked wrestlers listed on the left side of a banzuke
- Antonym: 東 (higashi)
- a capitalist state (originally western Europe, as opposed to Eastern Bloc countries)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms[edit]
- 西向く侍 → 二四六九士 (nishi muku samurai, “westward-facing samurai → mnemonic for months with less than 31 days, with 士 standing for 十一”)
Proverbs[edit]
Idioms
- 西と言うたら東を悟れ (nishi to iu tara higashi o satore, “what is called in the west is realized in the east → necessary to understand the back as well as the front”)
- 西と言えば東と言う (nishi to ieba higashi to iu, “something spoken from the west is different in the east → tell the opposite thing every time”)
- 西も東も分からない (nishi mo higashi mo wakaranai, “cannot tell east from west → cannot be understood at all”)
- 犬が西向きゃ尾は東 (inu ga nishi mukya o wa higashi, “dog faces west while its tail points east → clearly obvious”)
Proper noun[edit]
- (Buddhism) Synonym of 西方浄土 (Saihō Jōdo): the western paradise of Amitabha Buddha
- (Buddhism) Short for 西本願寺 (Nishi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Kyoto
- Synonym: お西 (o-Nishi)
- (historical) a red-light district in Edo-period Shinjuku (as it was located west of Edo Castle)
- a place name, especially the name of various wards in major cities throughout Japan
- a surname
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 西 |
| しゃー Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
Possibly a corruption of Mandarin 西 (xī, “west”).
Noun[edit]
- (mahjong) west wind (mahjong tile)
- Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)
- (mahjong)} a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of west wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)
- Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
See also[edit]
- 風牌 (kazehai, “wind tiles”): 東 (ton, “east wind”), 南 (nan, “south wind”), 西 (shā, “west wind”), 北 (pē, “north wind”)
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
西 • (seo)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the West
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
西: Hán Việt readings: tây, sài
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Sơn Tây 山西
- Tây Sơn 西山
- Sài Gòn 西貢
- phía tây : 費西
References[edit]
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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