西
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
西 (radical 146 西+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一金田 (MCW), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一𠁤)
Usage notes[edit]
西 is the 146th radical of the Chinese dictionary. In its few compounds it most often appears at the top in the form 覀 as in 覄. It is important to distinguish it from 襾 and 酉.
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1128, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34763
- Dae Jaweon: page 1595, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2805, character 2
- Unihan data for U+897F
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
西 | |
---|---|---|
alt. forms | 㢴 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 西 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (西) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
粞 | *sɯːl, *sɯːl |
洒 | *sraːls, *sɯːlʔ |
西 | *sɯːl |
卤 | *sɯːl |
卥 | *sɯːl |
栖 | *sɯːl, *sɯːls |
茜 | *sʰɯːns |
哂 | *hjɯnʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a bag or basket, borrowed for phonetic value. Compare 東 (OC *toːŋ, “bundle > east”). Traditionally explained as a pictogram of a bird settling into its nest, which by analogy with the setting of the sun means “west”. This etymology has been disputed (Sears), but Sagart (2004) stands by it.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sai1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sî
- Min Bei (KCR): sái / sí
- Min Dong (BUC): să̤
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): xi (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
- Wade-Giles: hsih1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
- IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sai1
- Yale: sāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai1
- Guangdong Romanization: sei1
- IPA (key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
- Hakka Romanization System: xi´
- Hagfa Pinyim: xi1
- IPA: /ɕi²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sái / sí
- IPA (key): /sai⁵⁴/, /si⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: să̤
- IPA (key): /sɛ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- sai - vernacular;
- se - literary;
- si - vernacular (limited, e.g. 西瓜).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sai1 / si1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sai / si
- IPA (key): /sai³³/, /si³³/
- sai - literary;
- si1 - vernacular (for 西瓜).
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: xi (T1)
- IPA (key): /ɕi⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
Variety | Location | 西 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕi²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ɕi²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /si²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /si²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕi²¹/ | |
Xining | /ɕji⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕi³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /si³¹/ | |
Hefei | /sz̩²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕi¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ɕi¹³/ /sei¹³/ ~瓜 |
|
Hohhot | /ɕi³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɕi⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /si⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɕi³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /sei³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /si³¹/ |
Tunxi | /se¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /si³³/ |
Xiangtan | /si³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕi⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /si⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /si²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐi⁵³/ |
Nanning | /ɬɐi⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɐi⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /se⁵⁵/ /sai⁵⁵/ 東~ /si⁵⁵/ ~瓜 |
Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /sɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /sai⁵⁴/ /si⁵⁴/ |
|
Shantou (Min Nan) | /si³³/ /sai³³/ |
|
Haikou (Min Nan) | /si²³/ /tai²³/ |
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 西 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | IV |
Fanqie | 先稽切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/sei/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/sei/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/sɛi/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/sɛj/ |
Li Rong |
/sei/ |
Wang Li |
/siei/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/siei/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xī |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 西 | 西 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xī | xī |
Middle Chinese |
‹ sej › | ‹ sej › |
Old Chinese |
/*s-nˤər/ | /*s-nˤər/ |
English | west | west |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 西 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 13236 |
Phonetic component |
西 |
Rime group |
微 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
西 |
Old Chinese |
/*sɯːl/ |
Definitions[edit]
西
Coordinate terms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Goon: さい (sai, Jōyō)
- Kan’on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Tōon: すい (sui)
- Kun: にし (nishi, 西, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あき (aki)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
西 |
にし Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
From the direction of sunset, derived from the adjective 往にし (inishi, “leaving, passing”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- west (one of the four cardinal directions)
- the West
- wind blowing from the west
- (theater) in kabukii:
- (sumo) the names of sumo wrestlers on the left side of a banzuke
- by extension of the West sense, a capitalist state
Derived terms[edit]
- 西の対 (nishi no tai)
Idioms[edit]
- 西と言うたら東を悟れ (nishi to iu tara higashi o satore)
- 西向く侍 (nishi muku samurai)
- 西も東もわからない (nishi mo higashi mo wakaranai)
Proper noun[edit]
- (Buddhism) Synonym of 西方浄土 (Saihō Jōdo), the western paradise of Amitabha Buddha
- (Buddhism) Short for 西本願寺 (Nishi Hongan-ji)., a Buddhist temple in Kyoto
- (historical) the red-light district in Edo-period Shinjuku
- as the district was at the west of Edo Castle
- name of a district in various prefectures of Japan
- A surname.
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
西 |
す Grade: 2 |
Irregular |
Short-form of ateji spelling 西班牙 (Supein).
Proper noun[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
西 |
しゃー Grade: 2 |
Irregular |
Derivation unknown.
Noun[edit]
- (mahjong) west wind (tile)
- (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “hand”) of a triplet or quad of west wind tiles, see 役牌
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
西 • (seo)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the West
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
- Sơn Tây 山西
- Tây Sơn 西山
- Sài Gòn 西貢
- phía tây : 費西
References[edit]
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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