西北

Chinese

		west	north
trad. (西北)		西	北
simp. #(西北)		西	北

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xīběi

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ ㄅㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sai¹ bak¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sî-pet

  (Hailu, HRS): si^ˋ bed

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sai¹ bah⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sai-pak / se-pak

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xīběi
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄅㄟˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siběi
    • Wade–Giles: hsi¹-pei³
    • Yale: syī-běi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shibeei
    • Palladius: сибэй (sibɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sai¹ bak¹
    • Yale: sāi bāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sai¹ bak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: sei¹ beg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî-pet
    • Hakka Romanization System: xi^ˊ bed^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xi¹ bed⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /si²⁴ pet̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: si^ˋ bed
    • Sinological IPA: /si⁵³ pet⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sai¹ bah⁶ [Phonetic: sai² ah⁶]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sai-bah
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬai⁵³³⁻¹³ ^(p-)aʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sai¹ bah⁶ [Phonetic: sai² wah⁶]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬai⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^(p-)βaʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai-pak
    • Tâi-lô: sai-pak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sai'pag
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sai⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se-pak
    • Tâi-lô: se-pak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: se'pag
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /se⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

Note:

• sai-pak - vernacular (all senses);
• se-pak - literary (“northwest; Northwestern China”).

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• Middle Chinese: sej pok

Rime
Character	西	北
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	先稽切	博墨切
Baxter	sej	pok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sei/	/pək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sei/	/pək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛi/	/pək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛj/	/pək̚/
Li Rong	/sei/	/pək̚/
Wang Li	/siei/	/pək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/siei/	/pək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai1	bak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-nˤər  pˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːl  pɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	西	北
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī	běi
Middle Chinese	‹ sej ›	‹ pok ›
Old Chinese	/*s-nˁər/	/*pˁək/
English	west	north
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	西	北
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13236	414
Phonetic component	西	北
Rime group	微	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	西	北
Old Chinese	/*sɯːl/	/*pɯːɡ/

Noun

西北

1. northwest
2. (Hokkien, Puxian Min) summer shower; convectional rain

Synonyms

• (summer shower):

Dialectal synonyms of 雷陣雨 (“thunder shower”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		雷陣雨
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	雷陣雨, 西北雨
	Harbin	雷陣雨
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	雷陣雨
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	雷陣雨
	Xuzhou	雷暴雨
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	雷雨
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	偏東雨, 雷陣雨
	Guiyang	雷陣雨
	Liuzhou	雷陣雨
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	雷陣雨, 雷雨, 雷暴雨
	Yangzhou	雷暴雨
Cantonese	Dongguan	雷陣雨
Gan	Pingxiang	雷陣雨
Hakka	Yudu	雷陣雨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	風時雨
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	風時雨
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	西北雨
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	西北雨
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	西北雨
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	西北雨
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	西北雨
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	風時水
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	西北雨
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	風時雨
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	西北雨
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	西北雨
Jin	Taiyuan	忽雷雨
	Xinzhou	忽雷雨
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	晡時雨
	Fuqing	晡時雨
Southern Min	Xiamen	西北雨, 西北, 方時雨
	Quanzhou	西北雨, 西北
	Zhangzhou	西北雨, 西北, 方時雨
	Taipei	西北雨
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	西北雨
	Kaohsiung	西北雨
	Yilan	西北雨
	Changhua (Lukang)	西北雨
	Taichung	西北雨
	Tainan	西北雨
	Hsinchu	西北雨
	Kinmen	西北雨
	Penghu (Magong)	西北雨
	Longyan	時雨
Puxian Min	Putian	西北雨, 西北
	Xianyou	西北雨, 西北
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	雷陣雨
Wu	Shanghai	雷陣雨
	Danyang	雷陣雨
	Hangzhou	雷陣雨
	Ningbo	雷雨, 雷陣雨
	Jinhua	天雷雨, 天雷猛雨 stronger
Xiang	Changsha	雷陣雨

Coordinate terms

compass points: 方位 (fāngwèi):  ^[edit]

西北 (xīběi)	北	東北 / 东北 (dōngběi)
西 (xī)		東 / 东 (dōng)
西南 (xīnán)	南	東南 / 东南 (dōngnán)

Derived terms

• 吸西北風 / 吸西北风
• 喝西北風 / 喝西北风 (hē xīběifēng)
• 嗑西北風 / 嗑西北风
• 落西北
• 西北地區 / 西北地区 (Xīběi Dìqū)
• 西北季風 / 西北季风
• 西北雨 (xīběiyǔ)
• 西北風 / 西北风 (xīběifēng)
• 西北颱 / 西北台

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (西北):

• → Japanese: 西北(せいほく) (seihoku)
• → Korean: 서북(西北) (seobuk)
• → Vietnamese: tây bắc (西北)

Proper noun

西北

1. (～地區) Northwest China (a region of China; consisting of Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang)
2. (～大行政區, ～區) (historical) Northwest China (a former greater administrative region of China from 1949 to 1954, consisting of Xi'an, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang)

Derived terms

• 大西北 (Dàxīběi)
• 東南一尉，西北一候 / 东南一尉，西北一候

References

• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “西北”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 457.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
西	北
せい Grade: 2	ほく Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せーほく [sèéhókú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [se̞ːho̞kɯ̟]

Noun

西(せい)北(ほく) • (seihoku) 

1. northwest

Coordinate terms

compass points: 方角 (hōgaku):  ^[edit]

北西 (hokusei) 西北 (seihoku)	北 (kita)	北東 (hokutō) 東北 (tōhoku)
西 (nishi)		東 (higashi)
西南 (seinan) 南西 (nansei)	南 (minami)	東南 (tōnan) 南東 (nantō)

Korean

Hanja in this term
西	北

Noun

西北 • (seobuk) (hangeul 서북)

1. hanja form^? of 서북 (“northwest”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
西	北

Noun

西北

1. chữ Hán form of tây bắc (“northwest”)

Verb

西北

1. chữ Hán form of tây bắc (“to northwest”)

Coordinate terms

compass points:  ^[edit]

tây bắc (西北)	bắc (北)	đông bắc (東北)
tây (西)		đông (東)
tây nam (西南)	nam (南)	đông nam (東南)