Xinjiang

See also: Xīnjiāng

English

Etymology 1

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng, “new territory, new frontier”), from 新 (xīn, “new”) + 疆 (jiāng, “territory, border, frontier”).

Alternative forms

• (from Wade-Giles) Hsin-chiang, Hsinchiang
• Hsin-kiang
• Sinkiang
• (misspelling) Xingjiang, Singkiang

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʃɪnˈd͡ʒjɑŋ/, /ˈʃin-/
• enPR: sĭnʹkyăngʹ, shĭnʹjyängʹ, shĭnʹjē-ängʹ

Proper noun

Xinjiang

1. A Uyghur autonomous region in China, located in the sparsely populated northwest. Official name: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Capital: Ürümqi.
   • 1975, “The National Minority Languages of China”, in Winfred P. Lehmann, editor, Language and Linguistics in the People's Republic of China‎^[1], University of Texas Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 114:

     In the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, only local languages are used as a medium of instruction in the elementary and middle schools. In the same region, the law provides that both Chinese and Uighur must be used in all public documents.

   • 2020, Laura Zhou, “Marco Rubio urges US Congress to pass Uygur bill to counter China’s crackdown in Xinjiang”, in South China Morning Post‎^[2]:

     Since early 2017, the Chinese government has reportedly detained some 1 million Uygurs and other largely Muslim ethnic minorities in mass internment camps in Xinjiang, where inmates are subjected to political indoctrination. Beijing claims the facilities are “vocational training centres” and says they are a legitimate response to the threat of religious extremism.

   • 2021 June 13, President Joe Biden, 0:00 from the start, in Biden says G7 leaders agreed to call out China over human rights abuses in Xinjiang and Hong Kong‎^[3], South China Morning Post:

     G7 explicitly agreed to call out human rights abuses in Xinjiang and in Hong Kong- explicitly. Two, to coordinate a common strategy to deal with China non-market policies that undermine competition- we've agreed and that's underway now how to do that. Three, to take serious actions against forced labor in solar, agriculture and the garment industries, because that's where it's happening- and they've agreed we will do that.

   • 2022 May 6, Li Yuan, “Has Shanghai Been Xinjianged?”, in The New York Times‎^[4], →ISSN:

     Xinjiang was the dark China. The western frontier region, which is twice the size of Texas, is home to more than 10 million Muslim ethnic minorities who have been subject to mass detentions, religious repression and intrusive digital and physical surveillance.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Xinjiang.

Usage notes

This term is rejected by Uyghur independence activists due to the fact that it is a name given by the Chinese state. Instead, the term East Turkestan is used, which reflects their desire to have a homeland exclusively for Turkic peoples.

Synonyms

• Chinese Turkestan (can variously refer to Xinjiang as a whole or to portions of Xinjiang)
• East Turkestan, East Turkistan
• (abbreviation) XUAR

Derived terms

• Xinjiangese

Translations

Uyghur autonomous region of China

• Arabic: شِينْجْيَانْغ‎ m (šinjyang), شِينْجْيَانْغ‎ m (šinjyanḡ)
• Armenian: Սինծիան (Sincian)
• Azerbaijani: Sintszyan
• Belarusian: Сіньцзя́н m (Sinʹczján)
• Bulgarian: Синдзя́н m (Sindzján)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 新疆 (san¹ goeng¹)

  Hakka: 新疆 (Sîn-kiông)

  Mandarin: 新疆 (zh) (Xīnjiāng)

  Min Dong: 新疆 (Sĭng-giŏng)

• Czech: Sin-ťiang m
• Dutch: Xinjiang (nl) n
• Esperanto: Ŝjinĝjiango
• Finnish: Sinkiang, Xinjiang
• French: Xinjiang (fr) m
• Georgian: სინძიანი (sinʒiani)
• German: Sinkiang n
• Greek: Σιντσιάνγκ (Sintsiángk)
• Hindi: शिंजियांग m (śiñjiyāṅg), शिनच्यांग (śinacyāṅg)
• Hungarian: Ujgúria (hu), Hszincsiang (hu)
• Japanese: 新疆 (しんきょう, Shinkyō)
• Kazakh: Шынжаң (Şynjañ)
• Korean: 신장(新疆) (ko) (Sinjang), 신강 (sin'gang)
• Kyrgyz: Шинжаң (Şinjaŋ)
• Latvian: Siņdzjana
• Lithuanian: Sindziangas
• Macedonian: Шјинџјианг m (Šjindžjiang)
• Manchu: ᡳᠴᡝ
  ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ (ice jecen)
• Mongolian: Шинжаан (Šinžaan), Шиньжян (Šinʹžjan)
• Persian: سین‌کیانگ‎ (sin-kiyâng)
• Polish: Sinkiang m
• Portuguese: Xinjiang, Sinkiang, Sinquião m
• Russian: Синьцзя́н m (Sinʹczján)
• Spanish: Xinjiang m, Sinkiang m
• Swedish: Xinjiang n, (obsolete) Sinkiang
• Telugu: please add this translation if you can
• Thai: ซินเจียง (sin-jiiang)
• Tibetan: ཤིན་ཅང (shin cang)
• Turkish: Sincan (tr)
• Turkmen: Hinjiýan
• Ukrainian: Сіньцзя́н m (Sinʹczján)
• Uyghur: شىنجاڭ‎ (shinjang)
• Uzbek: Shinjong, Sinszyan
• Vietnamese: Tân Cương (vi) (新疆 (vi))
• Xibe: ᠰᡞ᠌ᠨ᠋ᡪᡞ᠌ᠶᠠᡢ (sinjiyang)
• Zhuang: Sinhgyangh

See also

• Ürümqi, Wulumuqi, Urumchi
• Uyghur
• Altishahr

Further reading

• Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎^[5], volume 3, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 3503, column 3

Etymology 2

Map including Xinjiang (DMA, 1998)

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新絳／新绛 (Xīnjiàng).

Proper noun

Xinjiang

1. A county of Yuncheng, Shanxi, China.
   • 2010 September 3, He Jianwei, “Beats of the land: Artist's persistence saves ethnic heritage”, in Beijing Today‎^[6], number 482, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 12–13, columns 3-1:

     Drumming in Shanxi Province can be dated back centuries earlier to Xinjiang County, the ancient name of Jiangzhou, in present-day Shanxi Province.

   • 2015, Guoguang Wu, Helen Lansdowne, China's Transition from Communism - New Perspectives‎^[7], →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC:

     In September 2009, Xinjiang County in Yuncheng Municipality, Shanxi Province started to put village administrative information online for farmers to access.

   • 2021, Ying Jia Tan, “Waging Electrical Warfare”, in Recharging China in War and Revolution, 1882-1955‎^[8], Cornell University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 150:

     About a month after surviving the power blockade in Harbin, the PLA entered Shuo County in Shanxi Province only to learn that the former warlord Yan Xishan had ordered the destruction of the county seat’s power station. According to the Xinhua News Agency, it took twenty-seven days to repair the damage, and after which “the bright lights of 15,500 lamps celebrated the return of brightness.⁵² The same thing happened after the Communist capture of Xinjiang County in southern Shanxi and Cang County in southern Hebei in July 1946.

Translations

county

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 新絳／新绛 (zh) (Xīnjiàng)

• Japanese: please add this translation if you can

French

Alternative forms

• Sin-kiang

Etymology

Borrowed from Chinese 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).

Proper noun

Xinjiang m

1. Xinjiang

   Synonyms: Turkestan chinois, Turkestan oriental

Portuguese

Proper noun

Xinjiang m

1. Alternative form of Sinkiang