士

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士 U+58EB, 士
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58EB
← 壪
[U+58EA]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 壬 →
[U+58EC]
See also: 土 and ±

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
士-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 33 士

士 (radical 33 士+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 十一 (JM), four-corner 40100, composition ⿱十一)

  1. Kangxi radical #33, ⼠ (“scholar”).
  2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №9

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 242, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5638
  • Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+58EB

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 士

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 士
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
士-oracle.svg 士-bronze.svg 士-silk.svg 士-bigseal.svg 士-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (士) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
茌 *zrɯ
士 *zrɯʔ
仕 *zrɯʔ

Pictogram (象形) – axe-like tool; soldier.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 士
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Tianjin /sz̩⁵³/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩²¹/
Qingdao /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩³¹²/
Xi'an /sz̩⁴⁴/
Xining /sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /sz̩²¹³/
Wuhan /sz̩³⁵/
Chengdu /sz̩¹³/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹³/
Kunming /sz̩²¹²/
Nanjing /sz̩⁴⁴/
Hefei /sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩⁴⁵/
Pingyao /sz̩³⁵/
Hohhot /sz̩⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /sz̩²²/
Tunxi /sz̩¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sz̩⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /sz̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩²¹/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩⁵³/
Taoyuan /sï⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /si²²/
Nanning /sz̩²²/
Hong Kong /si²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /su²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sɯ³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /si³³/
Rime
Character 士
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 鉏里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʒɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʒieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʒiəX/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhì
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 士
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzriX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English officer; gentleman

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 士
Reading # 1/1
No. 11511
Phonetic
component		 士
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 士
Old
Chinese		 /*zrɯʔ/

Definitions[edit]

士

  1. † unmarried male; bachelor
  2. † (honorific) man
  3. † general; high-ranking military officer
  4. † soldier; noncommissioned officer
    士兵  ―  shìbīng  ―  soldier
  5. (historical) scholar-official (civil servant appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance)
  6. (historical) self-appellation used by scholar-officials in ancient China, when addressing the emperor: I; subject
  7. (historical) a social stratum in ancient China
  8. scholar; academic; intellectual; intelligentsia
    博士  ―  bóshì  ―  doctor; doctoral degree
    • 院士  ―  yuànshì  ―  academician
  9. † (honorific) suffix for a virtuous, knowledgeable or skilled person: commendable person
    女士  ―  nǚshì  ―  Lady
    護士 / 护士  ―  hùshì  ―  nurse
  10. (Chinese chess) pawn
  11. † Alternative form of 仕 (shì, “to be an official”).
  12. A surname​.

Usage notes[edit]

  • 士 is commonly used to render the /s/ sound (not followed by a vowel) in foreign names, e.g. 威士忌 (wēishìjì, “whiskey”), 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”), which is from Cantonese usage.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 士

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

士

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds
Kanji in this term
士
し
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

士 (hiragana し, rōmaji shi)

  1. samurai, warrior

Suffix[edit]

士 (hiragana し, rōmaji -shi)

  1. person with a certain qualification.
    弁護 (べんご)士 (し)
    bengoshi
    a lawyer
    会計 (かいけい)士 (し)
    kaikeishi
    an accountant

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

士 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune-Reischauer sa)

  1. scholar, gentleman
  2. soldier

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

士 (sĩ, sỹ, sãi, sõi, sỡi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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