士
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
士 (radical 33 士+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 十一 (JM), four-corner 40100, composition ⿱十一)
- Kangxi radical #33, ⼠.
- Shuōwén Jiězì radical №9
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 242, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5638
- Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 38
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 416, character 1
- Unihan data for U+58EB
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
士 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 士 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (士) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 茌 | *zrɯ |
| 士 | *zrɯʔ |
| 仕 | *zrɯʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – axe-like tool; soldier.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): si6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
- Min Dong (BUC): sê̤ṳ
- Min Nan (POJ): sū / sǐr / sǐ
- Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
- Wade-Giles: shih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
- IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: si6
- Yale: sih
- Cantonese Pinyin: si6
- Guangdong Romanization: xi6
- IPA (key): /siː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
- Hakka Romanization System: sii
- Hagfa Pinyim: si4
- IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sê̤ṳ
- IPA (key): /søy²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sū
- Tâi-lô: sū
- Phofsit Daibuun: su
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐr
- Tâi-lô: sǐr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ²²/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐ
- Tâi-lô: sǐ
- IPA (Philippines): /ɕi³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zr (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻z̩²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 士 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ʂʐ̩⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂʐ̩²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /sz̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /sz̩³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /sz̩¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /sz̩²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /sz̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /sz̩⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /sz̩³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zz̩²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zz̩³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zz̩¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zz̩³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /sz̩²²/ |
| Tunxi | /sz̩¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sz̩⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sz̩²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sz̩⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /sï⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /si²²/ |
| Nanning | /sz̩²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /si²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /su²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /søy²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /su⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /sɯ³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /si³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 鉏里切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʒɨX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɖ͡ʐɨX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʒieX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɖ͡ʐɨX/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʒiəX/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʒĭəX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzriX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[m-s-]rəʔ/ |
| English | officer; gentleman |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11511 |
| Phonetic component |
士 |
| Rime group |
之 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
士 |
| Old Chinese |
/*zrɯʔ/ |
Definitions[edit]
士
- † unmarried male; bachelor
- † (honorific) man
- † general; high-ranking military officer
- † soldier; noncommissioned officer
-
士兵 ― shìbīng ― soldier
-
- (historical) scholar-official (civil servant appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance)
- (historical) self-appellation used by scholar-officials in ancient China, when addressing the emperor: I; subject
- (historical) a social stratum in ancient China
- scholar; academic; intellectual; intelligentsia
-
博士 ― bóshì ― doctor; doctoral degree
-
院士 ― yuànshì ― academician
-
- † (honorific) suffix for a virtuous, knowledgeable or skilled person: commendable person
-
女士 ― nǚshì ― Lady
-
人士 ― rénshì ― public figure
-
- (Chinese chess) adviser; guard; minister (usually only on the black side, in some sets on both red and black sides)
- † Alternative form of 仕 (shì, “to be an official”).
- A surname.
Usage notes[edit]
- 士 is commonly used to render the /s/ sound (not followed by a vowel) in foreign names, e.g. 威士忌 (wēishìjì, “whiskey”), 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”), which is from Cantonese usage.
Coordinate terms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 士
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
士
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 士 |
| し Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Suffix[edit]
- person with a certain qualification.
- 弁護士
- bengoshi
- a lawyer
- 会計士
- kaikeishi
- an accountant
- 弁護士
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References[edit]
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