士

See also: 土 and ±

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Etymology

Also simplified from 止, as in 志.

Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Han character

士 (radical 33 士+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 十一 (JM), four-corner 4010₀, composition ⿱十一)

1. scholar, gentleman
2. soldier, non-commissioned officer
3. A certain Chinese chess (xiangqi) piece

References

• KangXi: page 242, character 38
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5638
• Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 38
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 416, character 1
• Unihan data for U+58EB

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		士

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si⁶
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): sṳ
• Min Nan (POJ): sū

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shì
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
    • Wade-Giles: shih⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: si⁶
    • Yale: sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /siː²²/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
    • IPA (Siyen, including Miaoli): /sɨ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sū
    • Tâi-lô: sū
    • IPA (Taipei): /su³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /su²²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (士, reconstructed)
Character (士), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 崇 (20) Final: 之 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 鉏里切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/d͡ʒɨX/	/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/	/d͡ʒiəX/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/	/d͡ʒĭəX/	/d͡ʒieX/

Old Chinese pronunciation (士, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
士								shì								‹ dzriX ›								/*[m-s-]rəʔ/								officer; gentleman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
士					11511					士					之					0					士					/*zrɯʔ/

Noun

士

1. scholar

   博士, 院士

2. soldier

   士兵

3. commendable person, honorific title

   女士, 人士

4. specialist

   护士 (護士), 助产士 (助產士)

5. bachelor (in ancient China)
6. an official rank in ancient China

Proper noun

士 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin shì)

1. a Chinese surname

Usage notes

In modern Chinese, 士 is only used in compounds. It is found as individual character only in idioms.
士 is also used as a phonetic in foreign names.

威士忌 (whiskey), 巴士 (bus)

Compounds

• 戰士
• 战士
• 爵士
• 修士
• 武士
• 將士
• 名士
• 居士

References

• "士" (in Mandarin/English), MDBG English to Chinese dictionary ( Based on CC-CEDICT ). URL accessed on 2014-02-15.
• Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)
• VoiceDic (汉语方言发音字典)

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Japanese

Kanji

士

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. gentleman
2. samurai

Readings

• Goon: じ (ji)
• Kan’on: し (shi)
• Kun: さむらい (samurai), つかさ (tsukasa)

Compounds

• (samurai):
  • 武士 (bushi, “samurai”)
  • 戦士 (せんし, senshi, “soldier, warrior”)
  • 騎士 (きし, kishi): knight
• (person who has a good social background):
  • 会計士 (かいけいし, kaikei-shi)
  • 博士 (hakase, “doctor (degree)”)
    • 博士論文 (hakase ronbun, “doctoral thesis”)

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Korean

Hanja

士 (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune-Reischauer sa)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

士 (sĩ, sãi, sõi, sỡi)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

References

• Nom Foundation