士

See also: 土 and ±

Translingual

Stroke order

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 士
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Also simplified from 止, as in 志.

Han character

士 (radical 33 士+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 十一 (JM), four-corner 4010₀, composition ⿱十一)

1. Kangxi radical #33, ⼠ ‎(“scholar”).
2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №9

References

• KangXi: page 242, character 38
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5638
• Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 38
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 416, character 1
• Unihan data for U+58EB

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		士

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
• Min Nan (POJ): sū

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shì
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
    • Wade-Giles: shih⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: si⁶
    • Yale: sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /siː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴
    • IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sū
    • Tâi-lô: sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: su
    • IPA (Taipei): /su³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /su²²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 士
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂʐ̩⁵³/
	Tianjin	/sz̩⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂʐ̩²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩³¹²/
	Xi'an	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Xining	/sz̩²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/sz̩²¹³/
	Wuhan	/sz̩³⁵/
	Chengdu	/sz̩¹³/
	Guiyang	/sz̩²¹³/
	Kunming	/sz̩²¹²/
	Nanjing	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/sz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/sz̩⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/sz̩³⁵/
	Hohhot	/sz̩⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zz̩²³/
	Suzhou	/zz̩³¹/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zz̩³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/sz̩²²/
	Tunxi	/sz̩¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/sz̩⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/sz̩²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/sz̩⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/sï⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/si²²/
	Nanning	/sz̩²²/
	Hong Kong	/si²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/su²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/søy²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/su⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/sɯ³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/si³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʒɨ^X/▼

Rime
Character	士
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	鉏里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiəX/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[m-s-]rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	士
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzriX ›
Old Chinese	/*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English	officer; gentleman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	士
Reading #	1/1
No.	11511
Phonetic component	士
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	士
Old Chinese	/*zrɯʔ/

Noun

士

1. scholar

   博士 (bóshì), 院士 (yuànshì)

2. soldier

   士兵 (shìbīng)

3. commendable person, honorific title

   女士 (nǚshì), 人士 (rénshì)

4. specialist

   護士／护士 (hùshì), 助產士／助产士

5. bachelor (in ancient China)
6. an official rank in ancient China

Proper noun

士

1. A surname​.

Usage notes

• In modern Chinese, 士 is only used in compounds. It is found as individual character only in idioms.
• 士 is also used as a phonetic in foreign names.

  威士忌 (wēishìjì, “whiskey”), 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”)

Compounds

• 戰士／战士 (zhànshì)
• 爵士 (juéshì)
• 修士 (xiūshì)
• 武士 (wǔshì)
• 將士／将士 (jiàngshì)
• 名士 (míngshì)
• 居士 (jūshì)

References

• “士”, in MDBG English to Chinese dictionary ( Based on CC-CEDICT )^[1] (in Mandarin/English), accessed 2014-02-15
• “Entry #193”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
• VoiceDic (汉语方言发音字典)

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Japanese

Kanji

士

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: じ (ji)
• Kan’on: し (shi)
• Kun: さむらい (samurai), つかさ (tsukasa)

Compounds

Compounds

会計士 (かいけいし) ‎(kaikeishi) 騎士 (きし) ‎(kishi): knight 士卒 (しそつ) ‎(shisotsu): officers and soldiers, soldiers 戦士 (せんし) ‎(senshi): soldier, warrior 博士 (はかせ) ‎(hakase): doctor (degree) 武士 (ぶし) ‎(bushi) 学士 (がくし) ‎(gakushi): a graduate (from a university)

Kanji in this term
士
し Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Kan'on
• (Tokyo) し​ [shíꜜ] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

Noun

士 ‎(hiragana し, romaji shi)

1. samurai, warrior

Suffix

士 ‎(hiragana し, romaji -shi)

1. person with a certain qualification.

   弁護 (べんご)士 (し)

   bengoshi

   a lawyer

   会計 (かいけい)士 (し)

   kaikeishi

   an accountant

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Korean

Hanja

士 • ‎(sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune-Reischauer sa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

士 (sĩ, sãi, sõi, sỡi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation