能

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See also: 態
能 U+80FD, 能
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80FD
← 胼
[U+80FC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 胾 →
[U+80FE]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
能-order.gif

Han character[edit]

能 (radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈月心心 (IBPP), four-corner 21211, composition ⿰䏍⿱匕匕)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 981, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29454
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1433, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2074, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+80FD

Chinese[edit]

trad. 能
simp. # 能
alternative forms 䏻

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 能
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
能-oracle.svg 能-bronze.svg 能-bronze-spring.svg 能-bronze-warring.svg 能-silk.svg 能-slip.svg 能-seal.svg 能-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (能) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
態 *n̥ʰɯːs
能 *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ
螚 *nɯːs
褦 *nɯːs

Pictogram (象形): bear. Compare 熊 (OC *ɢʷlɯm, “bear”).

Etymology[edit]

“be able to; can; ability”
Shijing rhymes point to Old Chinese *nə, but the forms with *-ŋ are also archaic (perhaps ancient dialectal variation?).
Possibly Sino–Tibetan: compare Tibetan ནུས (nus, “be able to; capable; to withstand; capacity; strength; force; power; function; energy”), Burmese နိုင် (nuing, “can, be able to, may; master; win; prevail”). Schuessler (2007) also derives 態 (OC *n̥ʰɯːs, “apparition, bearing, manner”) from this.
Compare the old Sino–Vietnamese loanword nổi (“be able to; capable”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 能
Mandarin Beijing /nəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /nəŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /nəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /nəŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /nəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /nəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /nəŋ²⁴/
Xining /nə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /nəŋ⁴⁴/ 打～～
/nəŋ⁵³/ ～幹
Lanzhou /lə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /nɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən²¹³/
Chengdu /nən³¹/
Guiyang /nen²¹/
Kunming /nə̃³¹/
Nanjing /lən²⁴/
Hefei /lən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /nəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /nəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /nə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /nəŋ²³/
Suzhou /nən¹³/
Hangzhou /nen²¹³/
Wenzhou /naŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lən¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /nen¹¹/
Taoyuan /nen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nɐŋ²¹/
Nanning /nɐŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /nɐŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /nɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /naiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /leŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /neŋ³¹/
/nɔŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 能
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 登 (129)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴登切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nəŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nəŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nəŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nəŋ/
Li
Rong 		/nəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/nəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/nəŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		néng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 能 能 能
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		néng néng néng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ noj › ‹ nong › ‹ nong ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁə/ /*nˁə(ŋ)/ /*nˁə(ʔ)/ (~ *nˁəŋ)
English a kind of bear a kind of bear able; ability

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 能
Reading # 3/4
No. 9415
Phonetic
component 		能
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		能
Old
Chinese 		/*nɯːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † (Chinese mythology) A mythological bear-like animal, with deer-like legs.
  2. able; capable
  3. can; to be able to; to be capable of
    我能跑得快。  ―  Wǒ néng pǎo de kuài.  ―  I can run fast.
  4. may; could
  5. rather; would rather
  6. ability; capability
    能力  ―  nénglì  ―  capability, ability
  7. talent; talented person
    才能  ―  cáinéng  ―  talent, ability
  8. energy; power
  9. A surname​. Neng
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 可以 (“can; may”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 可, 可以, 得
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 可, 可以, 得
Mandarin Beijing 可以, 能, 能夠
Taiwan 可以, 能, 能夠
Malaysia 可以
Singapore 可以
Cantonese Guangzhou 可以, 得
Hong Kong 可以, 得
Taishan 可以
Kuala Lumpur 可以
Singapore 可以
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 做得
Liudui (S. Sixian) 做得, 可以, 使得
Hsinchu (Hailu) 做得
Dongshi (Dabu) 使得, 做得
Hsinchu (Raoping) 做得
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 會用
Min Bei Jian'ou 使得, 會使得
Min Dong Fuzhou 會使
Min Nan Xiamen 會使, 會當, 會做, 會用, 會用得, 會得, 會得通, 會通, 通
Quanzhou 會做, 會做得, 會用, 會用得, 會得, 會得通, 會通, 通
Zhangzhou 會使, 會當, 會用, 會用得, 會得, 會得通, 會通, 通
Taipei 會使, 會當, 會做得 mT, 會得 mT, 會得通 mT, 通 mT
Kaohsiung 會用得, 會使, 會當
Tainan 會用得, 會使, 會當
Taichung 會用得, 會使得
Hsinchu 會用得, 會使
Lukang 會使, 會當
Sanxia 會使, 會當
Yilan 會使, 會當
Kinmen 會使, 會當
Magong 會使, 會當
Penang (Hokkien) 會, 會使
Singapore (Hokkien) 會使, 會做, 會用
Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 會做, 會用, 會用得, 會做得, 會當
Haifeng 會得
Singapore (Teochew) 會使, 會得
Xiang Changsha 可以得
Note mT - mainstream Taiwan (no particular region identified)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 能

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 能
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nəiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nəjH/
Li
Rong 		/nᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/nɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/nɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		nài
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 能
Reading # 2/4
No. 9413
Phonetic
component 		能
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		耐
Old
Chinese 		/*nɯːs/

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Alternative form of 耐 (nài, “to bear; to withstand”).
  2. A surname​.

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”).
    三能  ―  sāntái  ―  Santai (Chinese constellation)

Pronunciation 4[edit]

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Alternative form of 態／态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”).

Pronunciation 5[edit]

Rime
Character 能
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴來切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nəi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nəj/
Li
Rong 		/nᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/nɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/nɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		nái
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 能
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		néng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ noj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁə/
English a kind of bear

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 能
Reading # 1/4
No. 9411
Phonetic
component 		能
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		能
Old
Chinese 		/*nɯː/

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † A three-legged soft-shelled turtle.

Pronunciation 6[edit]

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Only used in 能始 (“origin, root cause”).

Pronunciation 7[edit]

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”).

Japanese[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Noh stage at Itsukushima Shrine, Miyajima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

Kanji[edit]

能

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. ability
  2. talent
  3. skill
  4. capacity

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

能(のう) • (nō) 

  1. Noh, a form of classical Japanese musical drama.
  2. Ability, capacity, aptitude.
  3. Effect, use.
    古(ふる)い議(ぎ)論(ろん)を繰(く)り返(かえ)しても能(のう)はないのだよ。
    Furui giron o kurikaeshite mo nō wa nai no da yo.
    Repeating old arguments isn't of any use / won't have any effect.

Synonyms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Hanja[edit]

能 (eumhun 능할 능 (neunghal neung))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2[edit]

Hanja[edit]

能 (eumhun 견딜 내 (gyeondil nae))

  1. Alternative form of 耐

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

能 (năng, hay, nấng, năn, nằng, nưng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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