能

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能 U+80FD, 能
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80FD
← 胼
[U+80FC]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 胾 →
[U+80FE]
See also: 態

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
能-order.gif

Han character[edit]

能 (radical 130 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈月心心 (IBPP), four-corner 21211, composition ⿰䏍⿱匕匕)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 981, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29454
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1433, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2074, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+80FD

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 能

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 能
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
能-oracle.svg 能-bronze.svg 能-bigseal.svg 能-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (能) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
態 *n̥ʰɯːs
能 *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ
螚 *nɯːs
褦 *nɯːs

Pictogram (象形): bear. Compare 熊 (OC *ɢʷlɯm, “bear”).

Etymology[edit]

“Be able to; can; ability”. Shijing rhymes point to Old Chinese *nə, but the forms with *-ŋ are also archaic (perhaps ancient dialectal variation?).

Possibly Sino–Tibetan: compare Tibetan ནུས (nus, “be able to; capable; to withstand; capacity; strength; force; power; function; energy”), Burmese နိုင် (nuing, “can, be able to, may; master; win; prevail”). Schuessler (2007) also derives 態 (OC *n̥ʰɯːs, “apparition, bearing, manner”) from this.

Compare the old Sino–Vietnamese loanword nổi (“be able to; capable”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 能
Mandarin Beijing /nəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /nəŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /nəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /nəŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /nəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /nəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /nəŋ²⁴/
Xining /nə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /nəŋ⁴⁴/ 打～～
/nəŋ⁵³/ ～幹
Lanzhou /lə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /nɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən²¹³/
Chengdu /nən³¹/
Guiyang /nen²¹/
Kunming /nə̃³¹/
Nanjing /lən²⁴/
Hefei /lən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /nəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /nəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /nə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /nəŋ²³/
Suzhou /nən¹³/
Hangzhou /nen²¹³/
Wenzhou /naŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lən¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /nen¹¹/
Taoyuan /nen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nɐŋ²¹/
Nanning /nɐŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /nɐŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /nɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /naiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /leŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /neŋ³¹/
/nɔŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 能 能 能 能
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Initial (聲) 泥 (8) 泥 (8) 泥 (8) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 咍 (41) 登 (129) 登 (129) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division (等) I I I I
Fanqie 奴來切 奴登切 奴等切 奴代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nʌi/ /nəŋ/ /nəŋX/ /nʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nəi/ /nəŋ/ /nəŋX/ /nəiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɒi/ /nəŋ/ /nəŋX/ /nɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nəj/ /nəŋ/ /nəŋX/ /nəjH/
Li
Rong		 /nᴀi/ /nəŋ/ /nəŋX/ /nᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /nɒi/ /nəŋ/ /nəŋX/ /nɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /nɑ̆i/ /nəŋ/ /nəŋX/ /nɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nái néng něng nài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 能 能 能
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 néng néng néng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ noj › ‹ nong › ‹ nong ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nˤə/ /*nˤə(ŋ)/ /*nˤə(ʔ)/ (~ *nˤəŋ)
English a kind of bear a kind of bear able; ability

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 能 能 能 能
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
No. 9411 9413 9415 9416
Phonetic
component		 能 能 能 能
Rime
group		 之 之 蒸 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 能 耐 能 能
Old
Chinese		 /*nɯː/ /*nɯːs/ /*nɯːŋ/ /*nɯːŋʔ/

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † A mythological bear-like animal, with deer-like legs.
  2. able; capable
  3. can; to be able to; to be capable of
    我能跑得快。  ―  Wǒ néng pǎo de kuài.  ―  I can run fast.
  4. may
  5. rather; would rather
  6. ability; capability
    能力  ―  nénglì  ―  capability, ability
  7. talent; talented person
    才能  ―  cáinéng  ―  talent, ability
  8. energy; power
  9. A surname​. Neng

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 能

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 能
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nəiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nəjH/
Li
Rong		 /nᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /nɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /nɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nài

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Alternative form of 耐 (nài, “to bear; to withstand”).
  2. A surname​.

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”).
    三能  ―  sāntái  ―  Santai (Chinese constellation)

Pronunciation 4[edit]

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Alternative form of 態／态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”).

Pronunciation 5[edit]

Rime
Character 能
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴來切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nʌi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nəi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nəj/
Li
Rong		 /nᴀi/
Wang
Li		 /nɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /nɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nái

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † A three-legged soft-shelled turtle.

Pronunciation 6[edit]

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Only used in 能始 (“origin, root cause”).

Pronunciation 7[edit]

Definitions[edit]

能

  1. † Alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”).

Japanese[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Noh stage at Itsukushima Shrine, Miyajima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

Kanji[edit]

能

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. ability
  2. talent
  3. skill
  4. capacity

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

能 (hiragana のう, rōmaji nō)

  1. Noh, a form of classical Japanese musical drama.
  2. Ability, capacity, aptitude.
  3. Effect, use.
    古 (ふる)い議論 (ぎろん)を繰 (く)り返 (かえ)しても能 (のう)はないのだよ。
    Furui giron o kurikaeshite mo nō wa nai no da yo.
    Repeating old arguments isn't of any use / won't have any effect.

Synonyms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

能 • (neung, nae) (hangeul 능, 내, McCune-Reischauer nŭng, nae, Yale nung, nay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

能 (năng, hay, nấng, năn, nằng, nưng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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