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態

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 态 and 熊
態 U+614B, 態
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-614B
← 慊
[U+614A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 慌 →
[U+614C]

Translingual

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Han character

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態 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心心 (IPP), four-corner 21331, composition ⿱能心)

Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11052
  • Dae Jaweon: page 737, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2335, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+614B

Chinese

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trad. 態
simp. 态
alternative forms 㑷
𱞄
⿰亻𫧇

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 態
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (能) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
態 *n̥ʰɯːs
能 *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ
螚 *nɯːs
褦 *nɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *n̥ʰɯːs): phonetic 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – one’s heart-felt attitude.

Etymology

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Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-nyaŋ (“can; be able to”); see 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ, “able, capable”) for more.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 態
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他代切
Baxter thojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰəiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰəjH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɒiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		toi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 態
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*n̥ˁə-s/
English bearing, manner

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 態
Reading # 1/1
No. 9410
Phonetic
component 		能
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		貸
Old
Chinese 		/*n̥ʰɯːs/

Definitions

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態

  1. condition; state
  2. form; shape
  3. manner; bearing; attitude
  4. situation; posture
  5. (grammar) voice; diathesis

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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態

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. condition; state; form; appearance (さま)[1]
  2. attitude
  3. intentionally (わざと)

Readings

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  • Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
  • Kun: さま (sama, 態)、わざと (waza to, 態と)、なり (nari, 態)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
態
たい
Grade: 5
on'yomi

Noun

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態(たい) • (tai) 

  1. (grammar) voice - a particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses.

Suffix

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態(たい) • (-tai) 

  1. (grammar) voice, diathesis

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
態
なり
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 態 – see the following entry.
【形なり】2
[noun] [from 720] the shape or form of something
[noun] [from late 900s] one's clothing and appearance
[noun] [from mid 1600s] one's body shape or form
[noun] [from 1477] one's circumstances or situation
[noun] [from 1773] one's reputation
[noun] [from 1763] (following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) or plain perfective form of a verb) indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as
[noun] [from 1915] (following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of an adjective) indicates responding to the affixed adjective: compare English fitting
[noun] [from 1928] (following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of a verb) indicates the moment of the action occurring: compare English as soon as
[noun] (after a verb in the past tense 〜た) ... while ...
[suffix] following the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as
[suffix] [from 1951] following a noun, indicates a state fitting or becoming to the affixed noun
[suffix] [from late 1300s] following a noun, indicates that shape or form: compare English like
(This term, 態, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
態
さま > ざま
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 態 – see the following entry.
【ざま】
[noun] (informal) pathetic appearance
Alternative spelling
様
(This term, 態, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ “態”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

態 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)

  1. manner, bearing, attitude

Vietnamese

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Han character

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態: Hán Nôm readings: thái, thói

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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