sama

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sama"

Languages (34)

Ao • Bambara • Basque • Cebuano • Central Bikol • Cypriot Arabic • Dyula • Esperanto • Estonian • Finnish • Gothic • Hausa • Icelandic • Ido • Indonesian • Ingrian • Jamamadí • Japanese • Latvian • Livonian • Malay • Nigerian Pidgin • Northern Sotho • Old English • Old Norse • Old Saxon • Pali • Polish • Quechua • Serbo-Croatian • Tagalog • Ternate • Votic • Yuracare

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Page categories

Ao

Verb

sama

1. (Chungli)
   1. to destroy, devastate, annihilate
   2. to be destroyed, devastated
      • 1967, “Matthew 18:11”, in Ao Naga Common Language Bible, Bible Society of India:

        Kechiaser Nisung Chir sama-a aliba kümzüktsü aru.

        For the Son of Man came to save those who were devastated.

      • 1967, “Psalm 9:3”, in Ao Naga Common Language Bible, Bible Society of India:

        Kodang kü tsükchir meyip; parnok ne madang lao aser sama.

        When my enemies turned around, they fell over and perished before you.

Inflection

Inflection of sama (Chungli)

		Affirmative	Negative
Past	Simple	sama	mesama
	Perfect	samaogo	mesamaogo
Present	Simple	samar	mesamar
	Progressive	samadar samadagi	mesamadar mesamadagi
Future/infinitive		samatsü	mesamatsü
Imperative		samang	tesama
Present participle		sama-a	mesamai
Conditional		samara samarabang	mesamara mesamarabang

Further reading

• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 111
• Clark, E. W. (1911), “SAMA”, in Ao-Naga dictionary, Dimapur

Bambara

Etymology 1

Noun

sama

1. gift

Verb

sama

1. to bring a gift (after a voyage)

Etymology 2

Noun

sàmá

1. elephant

Etymology 3

Verb

sama

1. to pull

Basque

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s̺ama/ [s̺a.ma]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ama, -a
• Hyphenation: sa‧ma

Noun

sama inan

1. (anatomy) neck

Declension

Declension of sama (inan a-stem)

	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	sama	sama	samak	samok
ergative	samak	samak	samek	samok
dative	samari	samari	samei	samoi
genitive	samaren	samaren	samen	samon
comitative	samarekin	samarekin	samekin	samokin
causative	samarengatik	samarengatik	samengatik	samongatik
benefactive	samarentzat	samarentzat	samentzat	samontzat
instrumental	samaz	samaz	samez	samotaz
innesive	samatan	saman	sametan	samotan
locative	samatako	samako	sametako	samotako
allative	samatara	samara	sametara	samotara
terminative	samataraino	samaraino	sametaraino	samotaraino
directive	samatarantz	samarantz	sametarantz	samotarantz
destinative	samatarako	samarako	sametarako	samotarako
ablative	samatatik	samatik	sametatik	samotatik
partitive	samarik	—	—	—
prolative	samatzat	—	—	—

Further reading

• “sama”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “sama”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Cebuano

Etymology

From Malay sama, from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *samás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”).

Adjective

sama

1. like
2. same

   Synonym: pareho

Central Bikol

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: sa‧ma
• IPA^(key): /ˈsama/ [ˈsa.ma]

Verb

sáma

1. to get along with others, to be sociable

Derived terms

• makisama
• pakisama

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: sa‧ma
• IPA^(key): /saˈmaʔ/ [saˈmaʔ]

Noun

samâ

1. eating or dining from the same plate

Derived terms

• kasama
• makisama

Cypriot Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *šamāy-

Arabic سَمَاء (samāʔ)

Cypriot Arabic sama

Inherited from Arabic سَمَاء (samāʔ), from Proto-Semitic *šamāy-.

Noun

sama f

1. sky

References

• Borg, Alexander (2004), A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 277

Dyula

Noun

sama

1. elephant

Synonyms

• sogoba

See also

• samabolo
• samaden
• samanun

Esperanto

du fotoj de la sama luno (sense 1)

Etymology

Borrowed from English same, Polish sam and Russian са́мый (sámyj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsama/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

Adjective

sama (accusative singular saman, plural samaj, accusative plural samajn)

2. same; equal (identical in some or all ways)

   Synonym: egala

   Li montras saman respekton al nobeloj kaj malnobeloj. ― He shows equal respect to noblemen and common folk.

   • 2025 November 27, Renée Triolle, “La unua eŭropano, kiu vizitis Tibeton Alexandra David-Néel (1868-1969)”, in uea.facila‎^[1], archived from the original on 23 December 2025:

     Eblas diri, ke ŝi estas "feministo" en epoko, kiam virinoj ankoraŭ ne esperis havi la samajn rajtojn, kiujn havis viroj.

     It's possible to say she was a "feminist" in an epoch, when women did not yet hope to have the same rights as men did.

4. alike, similar, same (having a common likeness)

   Ĉiuj politikistoj estas samaj. ― All politicians are the same [or alike].

6. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) unvarying

   Ŝia opozicio estis sama. ― Her opposition was unvarying.

Antonyms

• alia (“other”)
• malsama, nesama (“different”)

Derived terms

adjectives

• samtempa (“simultaneous”)

adverbs

• samloke (“at the same location”)
• sammaniere (“in the same way”)
• samtempe (“simultaneously”)

nouns

• samideano (“kindred spirit”)
• samkursano (“classmate”)
• samlandano (“countryman, compatriot”)

Further reading

• “sama”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “sama”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-present
• Butler, Montagu C. (1967), “sam-a”, in Esperanto-English Dictionary‎^[2], →OL, page 361

Estonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Finnic *sama (“same”), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same, alike”), presumably from *sem- (“together, one”).

Cognate with Finnish sama, Norwegian Bokmål samme, Swedish samma, Danish samme, and English same.

Pronoun

sama

1. same

Adjective

sama (genitive sama, partitive sama)

1. same

Declension

Declension of sama (ÕS type 17u/sõna, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		sama	samad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	sama
genitive			samade
partitive		sama	samu samasid
illative		samma samasse	samadesse samusse
inessive		samas	samades samus
elative		samast	samadest samust
allative		samale	samadele samule
adessive		samal	samadel samul
ablative		samalt	samadelt samult
translative		samaks	samadeks samuks
terminative		samani	samadeni
essive		samana	samadena
abessive		samata	samadeta
comitative		samaga	samadega

Derived terms

• samasugune

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sama (compare Estonian sama, Karelian sama, Votic sama), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz (compare Swedish samma, English same; also borrowed into Sami, compare Northern Sami seamma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝mɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
• Syllabification^(key): sa‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): sa‧ma

Determiner

sama (indefinite)

1. same

   saman verran ― the same amount (of)

   samaa alkuperää ― of the same origin

   samaan aikaan ― at the same time

   samalla kertaa ― at the same time, in one fell swoop

   Sama tapaus on ollut esillä aikaisemmin. ― The same case has been brought up before.

   Sama jatkuu edelleen. ― The same (thing) keeps happening.

   Näemme taas huomenna samaan aikaan. ― We'll see the same time tomorrow.

   Se on pysynyt samana. ― It has stayed the same.

   Tilaan samaa kuin sinäkin. ― I'll order the same thing as you.

   Samaa se on kaikkialla. ― It's the same everywhere.

   Se on minulle aivan sama. ― It doesn't matter to me at all. (literally, “It's the completely same to me.”)

Declension

Declension of sama (type 9/kala) noun case singular plural adverbial form singular plural nominative sama samat superessive – – genitive saman samojen delative – – partitive samaa samoja sublative – – accusative sama, saman samat lative – – inessive samassa samoissa temporal – – elative samasta samoista causative samaten – illative samaan samoihin multiplicative – – adessive samalla samoilla distributive – – ablative samalta samoilta temp. dist. – – allative samalle samoille prolative – – essive samana samoina situative – – translative samaksi samoiksi oppositive – – abessive samatta samoitta instructive – samoin comitative – samoine

Derived terms

adjectives

• samainen
• samanmoinen

adverbs

• samaanne
• samalla
• samalla mitalla
• saman tien
• saman verran
• samanne
• samassa
• samaten
• siinä samassa

nouns

• samikset
• samuus

verbs

• samaistaa
• samaistua
• samastaa
• samastua

compounds

• samakantainen
• samakeskinen
• samalähtöinen
• samamerkityksinen
• samamunainen
• samanaikainen
• saman­aikaisesti
• saman­aikais­opetus
• saman­aikaistaa
• saman­aikais­tulkkaus
• saman­aikaisuus
• samanarvoinen
• saman­arvoisuus
• samanarvonkäyrä
• samanarvonviiva
• samanhenkinen
• saman­henkisyys
• samanhetkinen
• samanhintainen
• saman­hintaisuus
• samanikäinen
• saman­ikäisyys
• samankaltainen
• saman­kaltaisesti
• saman­kaltaistaa
• saman­kaltaistua
• saman­kaltaistus
• saman­kaltaisuus
• samankantainen
• samankeskinen
• saman­keskisesti
• saman­keskisyys
• samankohtainen
• samankokoinen
• samankorkuinen
• samanlaatuinen
• samanlainen
• samanlaistaa
• samanlaistua
• samanlaisuus
• samanlevyinen
• samanmakuinen
• samanmallinen
• samanmerkityksinen
• samanmerkkinen
• samanmielinen
• saman­mielisyys
• samanmittainen
• samanmuotoinen
• samanniminen
• samannäköinen
• saman­näköisyys
• samanpainoinen
• samanpaksuinen
• samanpituinen
• samanpuoleinen
• samanpäiväinen
• samansisältöinen
• samansuuntainen
• saman­suuntaisesti
• saman­suuntaistaa
• saman­suuntaisuus
• samansuuruinen
• samansyntyinen
• samansyvyinen
• samansäteinen
• samansävyinen
• samantapainen
• samantasoinen
• samantein
• samantekevä
• samantoiminen
• samantyyppinen
• samanvaiheinen
• samanveikkainen
• samanveroinen
• samanvertainen
• samanvärinen
• samapalkkainen
• sama­palkkaisuus
• samaperintäinen
• samasanainen
• samasukupuolinen
• samasyntyinen

Further reading

• “sama”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Anagrams

• Maas, Masa

Gothic

Romanization

sama

1. romanization of 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰

Hausa

Etymology

Cognate with Proto-Semitic *šamāy-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sá.mà/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [sə́.mə̀]

Noun

samà m or f (plural sàmàmai, possessed form samàn)

1. sky, heavens
2. top

Adverb

samà

1. on top
2. in the sky

Icelandic

Etymology 1

Adverb

sama

1. indifferently

   Mér er sama. ― I don't care.

See also

• ég prútta ekki um það
• nenna
• prútta
• skeyta
• skeyta um
• standa á sama

Etymology 2

Pronoun

sama

1. inflection of sami (“the same”):
   1. accusative/dative/genitive masculine singular
   2. nominative feminine singular
   3. all-case neuter singular

Etymology 3

Pronoun

sama

1. inflection of samur (“the same (usually in negative expressions)”):
   1. accusative feminine singular
   2. accusative masculine plural

Anagrams

• masa

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto sama, English same.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsama/

Adjective

sama

1. same

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsama/ [ˈsa.ma]
• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay sama, from Proto-Malayic *sama, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Malagasy samy (“both, each, every one; same”); Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”), 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”)).

Although it may be possible for this word to be from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), the native Austronesian etymology is to be more likely due to the wide distribution in Oceanic languages that received little to no Indianisation. If this is attested to have Austronesian origin, therefore false cognate of all descendants of Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”), including English same, and Sanskrit सम (sama). More at same.

Adjective

sama (comparative lebih sama, superlative paling sama)

1. same

   Synonyms: ganal, serupa

   orang yang sama ― the same person

2. equal

   Synonyms: sejajar, sepadan, setara

   dua ditambah dua sama dengan empat

   two plus two is equal to four

Derived terms

Affixations

• bersama (“together”)
• bersamaan
• kesamaan
• mempersamakan
• menyamai
• menyamakan
• penyamaan
• persamaan
• sama-sama
• sesama
• tersamai

Etymology 2

Semantic loan from Betawi ama.

Alternative forms

• ama

Preposition

sama

1. (colloquial) with, by

   Synonyms: dengan, oleh

   Sofanya dicakar sama kucingku.

   The sofa was scratched by my cat.

2. (colloquial) and

   Synonym: (formal) dan

   Dia sama temennya ke kafe.

   He and his friend went to a cafe.

Further reading

• “sama”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Anagrams

• masa

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sama, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz. Cognates include Finnish sama and Estonian sama.

Possibly merged with Russian самый (samyj, “selfsame”).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑmɑˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈʃɑmɑˑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
• Hyphenation: sa‧ma

Determiner

sama

1. same
   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa) [Geography: textbook for Ingrian elementary school third grade (first part)], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:

     Kääntiimmä toisee poolee - neet samat riissat leenööt kuras poolees.

     We turn to the second side - these same objects are to our left side.

   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva:

     Niku näämmä, näijen sannoin struktura ono sama:

     Apparently, the structure of these words is the same [as those].

2. selfsame
   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[5], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 54:

     Otamma saman sanan kalakas.

     Let's take the same word kalakas.

Declension

Declension of sama (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	sama	samat
genitive	saman	sammoin
partitive	sammaa	samoja
illative	sammaa	sammoi
inessive	samas	samois
elative	samast	samoist
allative	samalle	samoille
adessive	samal	samoil
ablative	samalt	samoilt
translative	samaks	samoiks
essive	samanna, sammaan	samoinna, sammoin
exessive1)	samant	samoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• (same): yks

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “same”): toin, muu

Derived terms

• samallain
• samanlaajain
• samantapain
• samoin
• samoittee

References

• V. I. Junus (1936), Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[6], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 101
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 503

Jamamadí

Adjective

sama

1. (Banawá) downriver

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Japanese

Romanization

sama

1. Rōmaji transcription of さま

Latvian

Noun

sama m

1. genitive singular of sams

Livonian

Noun

sama

1. obsolete spelling of samā

References

• Andreas Johan Sjögren, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann (1861), Livisch-deutsches und deutsch-livisches Wörterbuch

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *sama, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Malagasy samy (“both, each, every one; same”); Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”), 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”)). Although it may be possible for this word to be from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), the native Austronesian etymology is to be more likely due to the wide distribution in Oceanic languages that received little to no Indianisation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sa.ma]
  • (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): [sa.mə]
• Rhymes: -ma, -a
• Hyphenation: sa‧ma

Adjective

sama (Jawi spelling سام, comparative lebih sama, superlative paling sama)

1. Not different; the same.

   Synonym: serupa

   Bajunya sama dengan baju saya.

   His shirt is the same as my shirt.

2. Equal:
   1. (mathematics) The same in numerical value.

      Dua kali dua sama dengan empat.

      Two multiplied by two is equal to four.

   2. Of the same value, status, standing, etc.

      Synonyms: setanding, setaraf, setara, seimbang

      Dua produk ni tak sama.

      These two products aren't equal.

Adverb

sama (Jawi spelling سام)

1. Joining other people; along.

   Synonym: sekali

   Dia orang gelak sama lepas dengar cerita itu sepenuhnya.

   They laughed along after hearing the full story.

2. With each other; together.

   Synonym: sama-sama

   Dua musuh itu sama terbahak menonton filem komedi itu.

   The two rivals laughed together watching the comedy film.

3. Towards each other or one another.

   Synonym: saling

   Kita orang memang sama tak suka pun jadi kamu tak payahlah menyampuk.

   We've always disliked each other so stop minding our business.

Preposition

sama (Jawi spelling سام)

1. (informal) With.

   Synonym: dengan

   Marilah main sama kami.

   Come play with us.

2. (informal) To, toward; at.

   Synonyms: akan, kepada, pada

   Aku marah sama dia.

   I'm angry at him/her.

3. (obsolete) While.

   Synonyms: sambil, seraya

Affixations

• bersama
• bersama-sama
• bersamaan
• kesamaan
• ketidaksamaan
• menyama-nyama
• penyama
• penyamaan
• persama-samakan
• persamaan
• persamakan
• sama-sama
• samai
• samakan
• sesama

Compounds

• sama ada (“either”)
• sama bina
• sama dengan
• sama kita
• sama nilai
• sama sahaja
• sama sahaja dengan
• sama segi
• sama sekali
• sama sendap
• sama sendiri
• sama tengah
• sama ukur
• sama unsur
• satu sama lain (“each other”)

Further reading

• “sama”, in Kamus Dewan [The Institute Dictionary] (in Malay), Fourth edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2005, →ISBN
• "sama" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Anagrams

• masa, asam

Nigerian Pidgin

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

sama

1. to impose
   • 2025 August 22, Danai Nesta Kupemba, “US go review visas wey Nigerians and oda citizens hold, promise to take action if dem break rules”, in BBC News Pidgin‎^[7]:

     Trump don also ban foreigners from 12 kontris make dem no travel go US. E also sama partial restrictions give seven oda kontri.

     Trump has also banned foreigners from 12 countries making them unable to travel to the US. He also imposed partial restrictions on seven other countries.

Northern Sotho

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kɪ́gama.

Verb

sama

1. to lean on
2. to rest the head

Old English

Adverb

sama

1. alternative form of same

Old Norse

Etymology 1

Related to sœma, from Proto-Germanic *sōmijaną (“to fit”).

Verb

sama (past indicative samdi, supine samat)

1. to beseem, befit, become

Conjugation

Conjugation of sama — active (weak class 3)

infinitive	sama
present participle	samandi
past participle	samaðr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	sami	samda		sama	semda
2nd person singular	samir	samdir		samir	semdir
3rd person singular	samir	samdi		sami	semdi
1st person plural	sǫmum	sǫmdum		samim	semdim
2nd person plural	samið	sǫmduð		samið	semdið
3rd person plural	sama	sǫmdu		sami	semdi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	sam
1st person plural	sǫmum
2nd person plural	samið

Conjugation of sama — mediopassive (weak class 3)

infinitive	samask
present participle	samandisk
past participle	samazk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	sǫmumk	sǫmdumk		samumk	semdumk
2nd person singular	samisk	samdisk		samisk	semdisk
3rd person singular	samisk	samdisk		samisk	semdisk
1st person plural	sǫmumsk	sǫmdumsk		samimsk	semdimsk
2nd person plural	samizk	sǫmduzk		samizk	semdizk
3rd person plural	samask	sǫmdusk		samisk	semdisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	samsk
1st person plural	sǫmumsk
2nd person plural	samizk

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

sama

1. inflection of samr (“same”):
   1. strong feminine accusative singular
   2. strong masculine accusative plural
   3. weak masculine oblique singular
   4. weak feminine nominative singular
   5. weak neuter singular

Determiner

sama

1. inflection of samr (“same”):
   1. feminine accusative singular
   2. masculine accusative plural
2. inflection of sami (“same”):
   1. masculine oblique singular
   2. feminine nominative singular
   3. neuter singular

Noun

sama

1. inflection of sami:
   1. indefinite oblique singular
   2. indefinite accusative plural
   3. indefinite genitive plural

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “sama”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• samo

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same”).

Determiner

sama

1. same

Descendants

• Middle Low German: same, sam

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀲𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• सम (Devanagari script)
• সম (Bengali script)
• සම (Sinhalese script)
• သမ (Burmese script)
• สม or สะมะ (Thai script)
• ᩈᨾ (Tai Tham script)
• ສມ or ສະມະ (Lao script)
• សម (Khmer script)
• 𑄥𑄟 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit सम (samá).

Adjective

sama

1. even, level
2. like, equal, the same
3. impartial

Declension

Declension table of "sama" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	samo	samā
Accusative (second)	samaṃ	same
Instrumental (third)	samena	samehi or samebhi
Dative (fourth)	samassa or samāya or samatthaṃ	samānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	samasmā or samamhā or samā	samehi or samebhi
Genitive (sixth)	samassa	samānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	samasmiṃ or samamhi or same	samesu
Vocative (calling)	sama	samā

Declension table of "samā" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	samā	samāyo or samā
Accusative (second)	samaṃ	samāyo or samā
Instrumental (third)	samāya	samāhi or samābhi
Dative (fourth)	samāya	samānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	samāya	samāhi or samābhi
Genitive (sixth)	samāya	samānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	samāya or samāyaṃ	samāsu
Vocative (calling)	same	samāyo or samā

Declension table of "sama" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	samaṃ	samāni
Accusative (second)	samaṃ	samāni
Instrumental (third)	samena	samehi or samebhi
Dative (fourth)	samassa or samāya or samatthaṃ	samānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	samasmā or samamhā or samā	samehi or samebhi
Genitive (sixth)	samassa	samānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	samasmiṃ or samamhi or same	samesu
Vocative (calling)	sama	samāni

Descendants

• → Burmese: သမ (sa.ma.)
• → Khmer: សម (sɑm)
• → Thai: สม (sǒm)

References

• Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “sama”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ma/
• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

Adjective

sama

1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of sam

Quechua

Noun

sama

1. breath
2. rest

Declension

Declension of sama

	singular	plural
nominative	sama	samakuna
accusative	samata	samakunata
dative	samaman	samakunaman
genitive	samap	samakunap
locative	samapi	samakunapi
terminative	samakama	samakunakama
ablative	samamanta	samakunamanta
instrumental	samawan	samakunawan
comitative	samantin	samakunantin
abessive	samannaq	samakunannaq
comparative	samahina	samakunahina
causative	samarayku	samakunarayku
benefactive	samapaq	samakunapaq
associative	samapura	samakunapura
distributive	samanka	samakunanka
exclusive	samalla	samakunalla

Possessive forms of sama

ñuqap - first-person singular ñuqap (my) singular plural nominative samay samaykuna accusative samayta samaykunata dative samayman samaykunaman genitive samaypa samaykunap locative samaypi samaykunapi terminative samaykama samaykunakama ablative samaymanta samaykunamanta instrumental samaywan samaykunawan comitative samaynintin samaykunantin abessive samayninnaq samaykunannaq comparative samayhina samaykunahina causative samayrayku samaykunarayku benefactive samaypaq samaykunapaq associative samaypura samaykunapura distributive samayninka samaykunanka exclusive samaylla samaykunalla qampa - second-person singular qampa (your) singular plural nominative samayki samaykikuna accusative samaykita samaykikunata dative samaykiman samaykikunaman genitive samaykipa samaykikunap locative samaykipi samaykikunapi terminative samaykikama samaykikunakama ablative samaykimanta samaykikunamanta instrumental samaykiwan samaykikunawan comitative samaykintin samaykikunantin abessive samaykinnaq samaykikunannaq comparative samaykihina samaykikunahina causative samaykirayku samaykikunarayku benefactive samaykipaq samaykikunapaq associative samaykipura samaykikunapura distributive samaykinka samaykikunanka exclusive samaykilla samaykikunalla paypa - third-person singular paypa (his/her/its) singular plural nominative saman samankuna accusative samanta samankunata dative samanman samankunaman genitive samanpa samankunap locative samanpi samankunapi terminative samankama samankunakama ablative samanmanta samankunamanta instrumental samanwan samankunawan comitative samanintin samankunantin abessive samanninnaq samankunannaq comparative samanhina samankunahina causative samanrayku samankunarayku benefactive samanpaq samankunapaq associative samanpura samankunapura distributive samaninka samankunanka exclusive samanlla samankunalla ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) singular plural nominative samanchik samanchikkuna accusative samanchikta samanchikkunata dative samanchikman samanchikkunaman genitive samanchikpa samanchikkunap locative samanchikpi samanchikkunapi terminative samanchikkama samanchikkunakama ablative samanchikmanta samanchikkunamanta instrumental samanchikwan samanchikkunawan comitative samanchiknintin samanchikkunantin abessive samanchikninnaq samanchikkunannaq comparative samanchikhina samanchikkunahina causative samanchikrayku samanchikkunarayku benefactive samanchikpaq samanchikkunapaq associative samanchikpura samanchikkunapura distributive samanchikninka samanchikkunanka exclusive samanchiklla samanchikkunalla ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural ñuqaykup (our(excl)) singular plural nominative samayku samaykukuna accusative samaykuta samaykukunata dative samaykuman samaykukunaman genitive samaykupa samaykukunap locative samaykupi samaykukunapi terminative samaykukama samaykukunakama ablative samaykumanta samaykukunamanta instrumental samaykuwan samaykukunawan comitative samaykuntin samaykukunantin abessive samaykunnaq samaykukunannaq comparative samaykuhina samaykukunahina causative samaykurayku samaykukunarayku benefactive samaykupaq samaykukunapaq associative samaykupura samaykukunapura distributive samaykunka samaykukunanka exclusive samaykulla samaykukunalla qamkunap - second-person plural qamkunap (your(pl)) singular plural nominative samaykichik samaykichikkuna accusative samaykichikta samaykichikkunata dative samaykichikman samaykichikkunaman genitive samaykichikpa samaykichikkunap locative samaykichikpi samaykichikkunapi terminative samaykichikkama samaykichikkunakama ablative samaykichikmanta samaykichikkunamanta instrumental samaykichikwan samaykichikkunawan comitative samaykichiknintin samaykichikkunantin abessive samaykichikninnaq samaykichikkunannaq comparative samaykichikhina samaykichikkunahina causative samaykichikrayku samaykichikkunarayku benefactive samaykichikpaq samaykichikkunapaq associative samaykichikpura samaykichikkunapura distributive samaykichikninka samaykichikkunanka exclusive samaykichiklla samaykichikkunalla paykunap - third-person plural paykunap (their) singular plural nominative samanku samankukuna accusative samankuta samankukunata dative samankuman samankukunaman genitive samankupa samankukunap locative samankupi samankukunapi terminative samankukama samankukunakama ablative samankumanta samankukunamanta instrumental samankuwan samankukunawan comitative samankuntin samankukunantin abessive samankunnaq samankukunannaq comparative samankuhina samankukunahina causative samankurayku samankukunarayku benefactive samankupaq samankukunapaq associative samankupura samankukunapura distributive samankunka samankukunanka exclusive samankulla samankukunalla

See also

• samay

Serbo-Croatian

Adverb

sama ? (Cyrillic spelling сама)

1. (her-)self

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Either from the following:

• Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”).
• Borrowed from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”) with semantic shift.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsama/ [ˈsaː.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

Noun

sama (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ)

1. going with or accompanying someone to a certain place

   Synonyms: pagsama, hatid, paghatid

2. inclusion into a group (of someone)

   Synonyms: sali, pagsasali

3. combining; mixing (of one thing with another)

   Synonyms: halo, paghahalo, lahok, paglalahok

4. living with someone in the same place

   Synonyms: suno, pagsuno, pagsusuno, (as a married couple) pisan, (as a married couple) pagpipisan

Derived terms

• ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasama ng maluwat
• di-pagkakasama
• di-pagkasama
• di-pagsasama
• ipagsama
• isama
• kasa-kasama
• kasama
• kasama-sama
• kasamahan
• kasamahin
• magkakasama
• magkasama
• magpasama
• magsama
• magsama-sama
• magsamahan
• makasama
• makisama
• pagkakasama
• pagkakasama-sama
• pagsama
• pagsama-samahin
• pagsamahin
• pagsasama
• pagsasama-sama
• pagsasamahan
• pakikisama
• pakisama
• pakisamahan
• pasamahan
• pasamahin
• sama-sama
• sama-samahan
• sama-samahin
• samahan
• sumama
• tagasama

Etymology 2

Either from Sanskrit विषम (viṣama, “unequal, wicked, wrong”) or Sanskrit दुःषम (duḥṣáma, “uneven, perverse, bad”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /saˈmaʔ/ [sɐˈmaʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

Noun

samâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ)

1. evil; wrongdoing; wickedness

   Synonyms: kasamaan, sala, pagkakasala, kabuhungan

2. defect; fault

   Synonyms: depekto, kapintasan

3. misfortune; bad luck

   Synonyms: kamalasan, kawalang-suwerte

4. bad feeling (in certain expressions)
5. resentment (used with loob)

   Synonyms: hinanakit, paghihinanakit, pagdaramdam

6. bad quality (of something)

Derived terms

• di-makasasama
• ikasama
• kasama-samaan
• kasamaan
• magpakasama
• magpasama
• makasama
• masama
• masama ang loob
• masamain
• masamang damo
• masamang panahon
• masamang-loob
• nakasasama
• napakasama
• pagkamasama
• pagkasama-sama
• pagpapasama
• pagsama
• pasamain
• pasamain ang loob
• sa kasamaang palad
• sama ng kalooban
• sama ng katawan
• sama ng loob
• samaan ng loob
• samain
• samaing-kapalaran
• samaing-palad
• suliranin ng kasamaan
• sumama
• sumama ang loob
• sumama ang pakiramdam
• sumama ang sikmura
• walang masamang tinapay

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /saˈma/ [sɐˈma]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

Noun

samá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ)

1. share (of stock)

   Synonym: sapi

2. share of capital (in a business partnership or gambling)

   Synonyms: bakas, sosyo

Derived terms

• kasama
• magkasama
• samahan

Adjective

samá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ)

1. of the business relationship of shareholders

   Synonyms: sosyo, magkasosyo, bakas, magkabakas

Further reading

• “sama”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*sama”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Anagrams

• masa, amas, asam

Ternate

Etymology 1

Externally, compare North Moluccan Malay sema.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ma/

Noun

sama (Jawi سامه)

1. the outrigger (of a proa, etc.)

Etymology 2

Compare Tidore soma, Sahu samama (“crocodile”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ma/

Noun

sama (Jawi سامه)

1. a crocodile

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890), Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sama, from Proto-Germanic *samaz,

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈsɑmɑ]
• (Jõgõperä) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈsɑmɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
• Hyphenation: sa‧ma

Determiner

sama

1. same

Inflection

Declension of sama (type III/jalkõ, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	sama	samad
genitive	sama	samojõ, samoi
partitive	samma	samoitõ, samoi
illative	sammasõ, samma	samoisõ
inessive	samaz	samoiz
elative	samassõ	samoissõ
allative	samalõ	samoilõ
adessive	samallõ	samoillõ
ablative	samaltõ	samoiltõ
translative	samassi	samoissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “sama”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Yuracare

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sama

1. water

References

• ASJP