sam

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Translingual[edit]

Symbol[edit]

sam

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Samaritan Aramaic.

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Acronym

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (file)

Noun[edit]

sam

  1. surface-to-air missile

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English sammen, samnen, from Old English samnian, ġesamnian (to collect, assemble, bring together, gather, join, unite, compose, meet, glean), from Proto-West Germanic *samnōn, from Proto-Germanic *samnōną (to gather), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (one). Cognate with Dutch zamelen (to collect), German sammeln (to collect, gather), Swedish samla (to gather, collect), Icelandic samna (to gather, collect). More at same.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

sam (third-person singular simple present sams, present participle samming, simple past and past participle sammed)

  1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To assemble.
  2. (transitive, UK dialectal, of persons) To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.).
  3. (transitive, UK dialectal, of things) To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange.
  4. (intransitive, UK dialectal) To assemble; come together.
  5. (transitive, UK dialectal) To coagulate; curdle (milk).
Usage notes[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle English sām (together), from Old English samen (together), from Proto-West Germanic *saman, from Proto-Germanic *samanai (together), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (together, one).

Adverb[edit]

sam (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete) Together

Etymology 4[edit]

From Middle English sam- (prefix), from Old English sam-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (half), from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (half). Related to semi- (via Latin).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

sam (not comparable)

  1. (dialectal) Half or imperfectly done.
  2. (of food) Half-heated.
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Possibly from Uncle Sam.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

sam (plural sams)

  1. (slang) Federal narcotics agent.

Anagrams[edit]

Atong (India)[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (grass). Related to Garo samsi, Garo sam.

Noun[edit]

sam (Bengali script সাম)

  1. grass; weed
  2. medicine
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

sam- (Bengali script সাম)

  1. to wait

Etymology 3[edit]

Classifier[edit]

sam- (Bengali script সাম)

  1. used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc. and also tires

References[edit]

Charrua[edit]

Numeral[edit]

sam

  1. two

References[edit]

  • El último charrúa: de Salsipuedes a la actualidad (1996)
  • Idioma español y habla criolla: Charrúas y vilelas (1968)
  • Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 62

Chuukese[edit]

Noun[edit]

sam

  1. father

Garo[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (grass). Related to Atong (India) sam.

Noun[edit]

sam

  1. grass; herb
  2. medicine
  3. curry

Etymology 2[edit]

Classifier[edit]

sam

  1. used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc.

Further reading[edit]

  • Burling, R. (2003) The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon[2], Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page 275

Hokkien[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see (“three; the other woman; the other man; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of ).
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see (“unlined garment; shirt; top; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of ).
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see .
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of ).
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see (“Three Stars mansion; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of ).

Lhao Vo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum (three). Cognate with Lashi soem" and Burmese သုံး (sum:, three).

Numeral[edit]

sam

  1. three

References[edit]

  • Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).

Macanese[edit]

Verb[edit]

sam

  1. Alternative form of sâm

Maltese[edit]

Root
s-w-m
3 terms

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic صامَ (ṣāma).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

sam (imperfect jsum, active participle sajjem, verbal noun sawm)

  1. to fast

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of sam
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
perfect m somt somt sam somna somtu samu
f samet
imperfect m nsum ssum jsum nsumu ssumu jsumu
f ssum
imperative sum sumu

Masurian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish sam.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈsam]
  • Syllabification: sam

Adjective[edit]

sam (not comparable)

  1. alone (oneself without company)
  2. alone (oneself without help)

Adverb[edit]

sam (not comparable)

  1. alone, by oneself, without company

Mizo[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.

Noun[edit]

sam

  1. hair (of the head)
  2. antenna (of insects)

Etymology 2[edit]

Adjective[edit]

sam

  1. easy, simple

Nga La[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.

Noun[edit]

sam

  1. hair (of the head)

References[edit]

  • Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

Old Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *samos (summer) (compare Welsh haf), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó- (compare Old English sumor, Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn)).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

sam m (genitive unattested, no plural)

  1. summer

Inflection[edit]

Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative sam
Vocative saim
Accusative samN
Genitive saimL
Dative samL
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
sam ṡam unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

Old Norse[edit]

Verb[edit]

sam

  1. second-person singular imperative of sama

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /saːm/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /sɒm/

Pronoun[edit]

sam

  1. alone, by oneself, without company
  2. myself, yourself, himself, etc. (emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself")
  3. The meaning of this term is uncertain.
Descendants[edit]
  • Masurian: sam
  • Polish: sam
  • Silesian: sōm

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

sam

  1. here; hither
Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Phalura[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

sam (Perso-Arabic spelling سم)

  1. equally

References[edit]

  • Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[3], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish sam.

Adjective[edit]

sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam, no derived adverb)

  1. alone (oneself without company)
  2. alone (oneself without help)

Adverb[edit]

sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam)

  1. alone, by oneself, without company
    Synonyms: osobno, samodzielnie
  2. (Middle Polish) here (at this place)
    Synonyms: tu, tutaj

Particle[edit]

sam

  1. emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself"; oneself
    Przygotowując intrygę przeciwko szefowi, pani Magdalena kazała swojej córce ubrać się skromnie, a sama założyła sukienkę z głębokim dekoltem.
    Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while she herself put on a dress with a deep neckline.
    Poszedł do samego końca.
    He went to the very end.
  2. by oneself, alone (by one's own volition or power, without outside help or encouragement)
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
adjectives
adverb
Related terms[edit]
adjectives
adverb
nouns
verbs

Etymology 2[edit]

Clipping of sklep samoobsługowy.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

sam m inan

  1. (colloquial) self-service shop
    Synonym: sklep samoobsługowy
Declension[edit]

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), sam is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 159 times in scientific texts, 70 times in news, 120 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 302 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 882 times, making it the 48th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “sam”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 518

Further reading[edit]

  • sam in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • sam in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • SAM_I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22.02.2023
  • SAM_II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22.02.2023
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 11
  • sam in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Rohingya[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

sam (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴔)

  1. skin
    Synonym: samra

Romani[edit]

Verb[edit]

sam

  1. first-person plural present indicative of si

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.

Adjective[edit]

sȃm (definite sȃmī, Cyrillic spelling са̑м)

  1. alone, sole
  2. unaided, single-handed
  3. absolute, very, mere, unmixed
  4. solitary, secluded
Declension[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
  • sȃm

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.

Verb[edit]

sȁm (Cyrillic spelling са̏м)

  1. first-person singular present tense enclitic form of biti.
    Tu sam. — I'm here.

Silesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish sam.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈsam/
  • Rhymes: -am
  • Syllabification: sam

Pronoun[edit]

sam

  1. here
    Synonym: tukej
  2. hither

Further reading[edit]

  • sam in silling.org

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

sȃm (not comparable)

  1. alone, sole
  2. unaided, single-handed, by oneself

Inflection[edit]

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Hard
masculine feminine neuter
nom. sing. sám sáma sámo
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative sám ind
sámi def
sáma sámo
genitive sámega sáme sámega
dative sámemu sámi sámemu
accusative nominativeinan or
genitive
anim
sámo sámo
locative sámem sámi sámem
instrumental sámim sámo sámim
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative sáma sámi sámi
genitive sámih sámih sámih
dative sámima sámima sámima
accusative sáma sámi sámi
locative sámih sámih sámih
instrumental sámima sámima sámima
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative sámi sáme sáma
genitive sámih sámih sámih
dative sámim sámim sámim
accusative sáme sáme sáma
locative sámih sámih sámih
instrumental sámimi sámimi sámimi

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • sam”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • sam”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Swedish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

sam

  1. past indicative of simma

Anagrams[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

(classifier con) sam (, , 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)

  1. a horseshoe crab
    đuôi sama horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait
See also[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

(classifier cây) sam ()

  1. common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
    Synonym: rau sam

Ye'kwana[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Ideophone[edit]

sam

  1. zooming
  2. (of food) stinging, biting

References[edit]

  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “samm”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 166

Zhuang[edit]

Zhuang cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : sam

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Tai *saːm (three), from Middle Chinese (MC sam, “three”). Cognate with Thai สาม (sǎam), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ສາມ (sām), ᦉᦱᧄ (ṡaam), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪣ, Shan သၢမ် (sǎam), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥛᥴ (sáam), Ahom 𑜏𑜪 (saṃ), Bouyei saaml.

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

sam (1957–1982 spelling sam)

  1. three