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sole

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sole"

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English sole, soule, from Old French sol, soul (“alone”), from Latin sōlus (“alone, single, solitary, lonely”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). Perhaps related to Old Latin sollus (“whole, complete”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“safe, healthy”). More at save.

Adjective

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sole (not comparable)

  1. Only.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sole
    • 1905, H. G. Wells, The Empire of the Ants:
      He saw now clearly that the sole crew of the vessel was these two dead men, and though he could not see their faces, he saw by their outstretched hands, which were all of ragged flesh, that they had been subjected to some strange exceptional process of decay.
  2. (law) Unmarried (especially of a woman); widowed.
    Synonym: lone
  3. Unique; unsurpassed.
    The sole brilliance of this gem.
  4. With independent power; unfettered.
    A sole authority.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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The sole (1) of a boy's foot
The sole (2) of a shoe

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sole, solu. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman sole, Old French sole, from Vulgar Latin *sola (“bottom of the shoe”, also “flatfish”), from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), from Proto-Indo-European *swol- (“sole”). Cognate with Dutch zool (“sole, tread”), German Sohle (“sole, insole, bottom, floor”), Danish sål (“sole”), Icelandic sóli (“sole, outsole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 (sulja, “sandal”). Related to Latin solum (“bottom, ground, soil”). More at soil.

Compare typologically Russian по́чва (póčva) akin to подо́шва (podóšva).

Alternative forms

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Noun

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sole (plural soles)

  2. (anatomy) The bottom or plantar surface of the foot.
    Synonym: (medical term) planta
  4. (footwear) The bottom of a shoe or boot.
    • 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations, page 147:
      The Caliga was a military Shoe, with a very thick Sole, tied above the instep with leather Thongs.
  6. (obsolete) The foot itself.
  8. (zoology) Solea solea, a flatfish of the family Soleidae; a true sole.
    • 1952, Nikos Kazantzakis, chapter 1, in Carl Wildman, transl., Zorba the Greek, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, translation of Βίος και πολιτεία του Αλέξη Ζορμπά [Víos kai politeía tou Aléxi Zormpá], →ISBN, page 3:
      The fishermen crowding in the cafés were also waiting for the end of the storm, when the fish, reassured, would rise to the surface after the bait. Soles, hog fish and skate were returning from their nocturnal expeditions. Day was now breaking.
  10. (by extension) A flatfish resembling those of the family Soleidae.
  11. The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which anything rests in standing.
    1. The bottom of the body of a plough; the slade.
    2. The bottom of a furrow.
    3. The end section of the chanter of a set of bagpipes.
    5. The horny substance under a horse's foot, which protects the more tender parts.
      Coordinate term: frog
    6. (military) The bottom of an embrasure.
    7. (nautical) A piece of timber attached to the lower part of the rudder, to make it even with the false keel.
      • 1842, The Nautical Magazine:
        The rudder remains to be repaired, and is unshipped for the purpose; the sole of it is entirely gone
    8. (nautical) The floor inside the cabin of a yacht or boat
  12. (mining) The seat or bottom of a mine; applied to horizontal veins or lodes.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • → Hebrew: סוֹל (sol)
Translations
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Verb

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sole (third-person singular simple present soles, present participle soling, simple past and past participle soled)

  1. (transitive) To put a sole on a shoe or a boot.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 3

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From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sāl (“a rope, cord, line, bond, rein, door-hinge, necklace, collar”), from Proto-Germanic *sailą, *sailaz (“rope, cable”), *sailō (“noose, rein, bondage”), from Proto-Indo-European *sey- (“to tie to, tie together”). Cognate with Scots sale, saile (“halter, collar”), Dutch zeel (“rope, cord, strap”), German Seil (“rope, cable, wire”), Icelandic seil (“a string, line”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian dell (“sinew, vein”).

Noun

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sole (plural soles)

  1. (dialectal or obsolete) A wooden band or yoke put around the neck of an ox or cow in the stall.

Etymology 4

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From Middle English sol, from Old English sol (“mire, miry place”), from Proto-Germanic *sulą (“mire, wallow, mud”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian soal (“ditch”), Dutch sol (“water and mud filled pit”), German Suhle (“mire, wallow”), Norwegian saula, søyla (“mud puddle”). More at soil.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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sole (plural soles)

  1. (dialectal, Northern England) A pond or pool; a dirty pond of standing water.

Etymology 5

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From earlier sowle (“to pull by the ear”). Origin unknown. Perhaps from sow (“female pig”) +‎ -le, as in the phrase "take a sow by the wrong ear", or from Middle English sole (“rope”). See above.

Alternative forms

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Verb

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sole (third-person singular simple present soles, present participle soling, simple past and past participle soled)

  1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To pull by the ears; to pull about; haul; lug.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Noun

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sole

  1. plural of sool

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sole

  1. masculine singular present transgressive of solit

Danish

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Etymology

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sol +‎ -e, from sol.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sole (imperative sol, infinitive at sole, present tense soler, past tense solede, perfect tense solet)

  1. (rare) to expose something to the sun
  2. (reflexive) to bask in the sun; to sunbathe
    1. (reflexive, figurative) to enjoy success and admiration of others

Conjugation

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Conjugation of sole
active passive
present soler —
past solede —
infinitive sole —
imperative sol —
participle
present -
past solet
(auxiliary verb have)
gerund —

Noun

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sole c

  1. indefinite plural of sol

References

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Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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sole

  1. solely
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French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Vulgar Latin *sola, from Latin solea.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sole f (plural soles)

  1. (ichthyology) sole (fish)
  2. sole, the bottom of a hoof
  3. (carpentry) sole, a piece of timber, a joist
  4. (agriculture) a piece of land devoted to crop rotation

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Galician

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Verb

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sole

  1. inflection of solar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Hawaiian Creole

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Etymology

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From Samoan sole (“man, dude, friend”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sole

  1. (informal) a person of (usually local) Samoan descent
    What's up sole.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Italian

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Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it
Rappresentazione del sole – Depiction of the sun

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈso.le/
  • Rhymes: -ole
  • Hyphenation: só‧le

Etymology 1

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From Sole, from Latin sōlem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Cognates include Greek ήλιος (ílios), Icelandic sól, Hindi सूर्य (sūrya), and Russian со́лнце (sólnce).

Noun

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sole m (plural soli, diminutive (colloquial) solicèllo or (uncommon) solicìno)

  1. (colloquial, astronomy) star
    Synonym: stella
  2. (heraldry) sun (a star in heraldry)
  3. (alchemy) gold
    Synonym: oro
  4. sunlight
    • 1807, Ugo Foscolo, Dei Sepolcri‎[1], Florence: Molini, Landi e comp., published 1809, page 20:
      E tu onore di pianti, Ettore, avrai / […] finché il Sole / Risplenderà sulle sciagure umane.
      And you, Hector, will be honored with cryings […] as long as the Sun will shine on the misfortunes of mankind.
  5. (poetic) daytime, day (the interval between sunrise and sunset)
    • 1504, Jacopo Sannazaro, Arcadia‎[2]; republished Venice, 1553, page 66:
      quattro Soli & altre tante Lune il mio corpo ne da cibo ne da ſonno fu riconfortato
      [quattro soli e altrettante lune il mio corpo né da cibo né da sonno fu riconfortato]
      for four days and as many nights, my body hadn't been comforted by either food or sleep
    • 1516–1532, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto 35”, in Orlando furioso, stanza 40; republished as Santorre Debenedetti, editor, Bari: Laterza, 1928:
      poi disse: — Andiamo; — e nel seguente sole / giunsero al fiume
      He then said "Let us go"; and in the following day they reached the river
    • 1575, Torquato Tasso, “Canto 19”, in Gerusalemme liberata, stanza 50; republished as La Gerusalemme liberata di Torquato Tasso, Paris: Agostino Delalain; Pietro Durand; Gio. Claudio Molini, 1771:
      Goffredo alloggia nella terra, e vuole / Rinnovar poi l’assalto al novo Sole.
      Within the land Godfrey would lodge that night, and with the day renew the assault.
    • 1810 [c. 8th century BCE], “Libro XIX”, in Vincenzo Monti, transl., Iliade, translation of Ῑ̓λιάς (Īliás, Iliad) by Homer (in Epic Greek), lines 223–224; republished as Iliade di Omero‎[3], 4th edition, Milan: Società tipografica dei classici italiani, 1825:
      Intero un sole al lagrimar si doni, / Poi con coraggio, chi morì s’intombi
      An entire day shall be dedicated to mourning; then, with bravery, the dead shall be buried
  6. (poetic) year
    • 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto VI”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 67–69; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:
      Poi appresso convien che questa caggia / infra tre soli, e che l’altra sormonti / con la forza di tal che testé piaggia.
      Then, afterwards, this one shall fall within three years, and the other one shall rise again, by the force of him who now takes no stance.
  7. (poetic, in the plural) eyes
    • 1516–1532, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto 7”, in Orlando furioso, stanza 12; republished as Santorre Debenedetti, editor, Bari: Laterza, 1928:
      Sotto duo negri e sottilissimi archi / son duo negri occhi, anzi duo chiari soli
      Below two thin, black eyebrows are two black eyes; nay, two bright suns
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See also

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Further reading

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  • sole on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia it
  • sole in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
  • sole in Collins Italian-English Dictionary

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

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sole

  1. feminine plural of solo

Noun

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sole f

  1. plural of sola

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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See sōl.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sōle m

  1. ablative singular of sōl (“a Sun”)

Etymology 2

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See sōlus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sōle

  1. vocative masculine singular of sōlus

Neapolitan

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin sōlem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sole m

  1. Sun
    Steva chiuvenno, po' è asciuto 'o sole. ― It was raining, then the sun came out.

References

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  • AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 360: “si leva il sole” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Norman

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Etymology

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From Vulgar Latin *sola, from Latin solea.

Noun

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sole f (plural soles)

  1. sole (fish)

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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Probably from the noun sol

Verb

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sole (imperative sol, present tense soler, passive -, simple past sola or solet or solte, past participle sola or solet or solt, present participle solende)

  1. (reflexive, sole seg) to sunbathe, sun oneself, bask (also figurative)

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse sóli m, from Latin solum (“bottom, ground”).

Noun

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sole m (definite singular solen, indefinite plural solar, definite plural solane)

  1. (anatomy) a sole (bottom or plantar surface of the foot)
  2. (footwear) a sole (bottom of a shoe or boot)
Derived terms
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Verb

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sole (present tense solar, past tense sola, past participle sola, passive infinitive solast, present participle solande, imperative sole/sol)

  1. to apply a sole to footwear
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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See also

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Etymology 2

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From the noun sol f (“sun”).

Alternative forms

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Verb

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sole (present tense solar, past tense sola, past participle sola, passive infinitive solast, present participle solande, imperative sole/sol)

  1. (reflexive) to sunbathe
  2. (reflexive, figurative) to bask
  3. (transitive) to expose to the sun
Derived terms
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References

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Anagrams

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Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin solea, from solum (“bottom, base”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swol-.

Noun

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sole f

  1. sole
  2. shoe, sandal

Declension

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Weak n-stem:

singular plural
nominative sole solan
accusative solan solan
genitive solan solena
dative solan solum

Descendants

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References

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Old French

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Adjective

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sole f

  1. oblique/nominative feminine singular of sol

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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sole

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sól

Noun

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sole

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sola

Noun

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sole

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sol

Portuguese

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Verb

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sole

  1. inflection of solar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Serbo-Croatian

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Verb

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sole (Cyrillic spelling соле)

  1. third-person plural present of soliti
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