sal

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sal"

Languages (45)

Translingual • English

---

Afrikaans • Aragonese • Asturian • Azerbaijani • Catalan • Chairel • Chavacano • Danish • Esperanto • Galician • Garo • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Icelandic • Indonesian • Interlingua • Irish • Istriot • Kabuverdianu • Karaim • Latin • Maltese • Middle Dutch • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Irish • Old Norse • Old Spanish • Piedmontese • Portuguese • Rohingya • Romanian • Romansch • Spanish • Sumerian • Swedish • Tat • Tocharian B • Turkish • Venetan • Volapük

---

Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

sal

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Salishan languages.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sal, from Latin sal. Doublet of salt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sæl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

sal (uncountable)

1. (chemistry, obsolete) Salt.

Usage notes

Was used predominantly to form the names of various chemical compounds.

Derived terms

• sal absinthii
• sal acetosellae
• sal alembroth
• sal ammoniac
• sal catharticus
• sal culinarius
• sal cyrenaicus
• sal de duobus
• sal diureticus
• sal duplicatum
• sal enixum
• sal gemmae
• sal jovis
• sal martis
• sal microcosmicum
• sal plumbi
• sal prunella
• sal Saturni
• sal sedativus
• sal seignette
• sal soda
• sal vitrioli
• sal volatile

Etymology 2

From Hindi साल (sāl), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla).

Alternative forms

• shaal, shala, saul

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Noun

sal (plural sals)

1. Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree.
   • 1989, Thomas Weber, Hugging the trees: the story of the Chipko movement, page 18:

     As the sals were cut in the lower foothill districts the loggers looked towards the mountains in their search for other hardwood timber.

Translations

Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree

• Bengali: শাল (bn) (śal)
• Bulgarian: сал (bg) m (sal)
• Hindi: साल (hi) (sāl)
• Maithili: साल (sāl)
• Malayalam: കൈമരുത് (kaimarutŭ)
• Nepali: साल (sāl)
• Portuguese: sal (pt) m
• Sanskrit: शाल (sa) m (śāla)

See also

• sal sac

Etymology 3

Coined by Eduard Suess in 1909, in Das Antlitz der Erde, as a blend of translingual Si (silicon) +‎ Al (aluminum).

Alternative forms

• Sal

Noun

sal (uncountable)

1. (geology) Alternative form of sial
   • 1923 March, G. Vibert Douglas, A.V. Douglas, “Note on the Interpretation of the Wegener Frequency Curve”, in Geological Magazine‎^[3], volume 60, number 3, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, page 108:

     Wegener bases his theory of the drifting continents on the assumption that there are two distinct levels to be taken into account, the surface of the masses of "sal" which form the continents and the surface of the "sima" in which they float.

Anagrams

• ALS, ALs, ASL, LAs, LSA, SLA, a/s/l, al's, als, asl, las

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch zal, singular of zullen, from Middle Dutch sullen, from Old Dutch *sulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

sal (present sal, past sou)

1. shall, will

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin sal.

Noun

sal f

1. salt

References

• Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “sal”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsal/ [ˈsal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: sal

Noun

sal m (plural sales)

1. salt

Azerbaijani

sal (sense 1)

sal (sense 1)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɑɫ]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sāl.

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

2. raft (wooden)

Declension

Declension of sal

	singular	plural
nominative	sal	sallar
definite accusative	salı	salları
dative	sala	sallara
locative	salda	sallarda
ablative	saldan	sallardan
definite genitive	salın	salların

Possessive forms of sal

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salım	sallarım
sənin (“your”)	salın	salların
onun (“his/her/its”)	salı	salları
bizim (“our”)	salımız	sallarımız
sizin (“your”)	salınız	sallarınız
onların (“their”)	salı or salları	salları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımı	sallarımı
sənin (“your”)	salını	sallarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	salını	sallarını
bizim (“our”)	salımızı	sallarımızı
sizin (“your”)	salınızı	sallarınızı
onların (“their”)	salını or sallarını	sallarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salıma	sallarıma
sənin (“your”)	salına	sallarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	salına	sallarına
bizim (“our”)	salımıza	sallarımıza
sizin (“your”)	salınıza	sallarınıza
onların (“their”)	salına or sallarına	sallarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımda	sallarımda
sənin (“your”)	salında	sallarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	salında	sallarında
bizim (“our”)	salımızda	sallarımızda
sizin (“your”)	salınızda	sallarınızda
onların (“their”)	salında or sallarında	sallarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımdan	sallarımdan
sənin (“your”)	salından	sallarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	salından	sallarından
bizim (“our”)	salımızdan	sallarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	salınızdan	sallarınızdan
onların (“their”)	salından or sallarından	sallarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımın	sallarımın
sənin (“your”)	salının	sallarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	salının	sallarının
bizim (“our”)	salımızın	sallarımızın
sizin (“your”)	salınızın	sallarınızın
onların (“their”)	salının or sallarının	sallarının

Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Turkic *sal- (“throw, lower, put; heavy”); see Azerbaijani salmaq.

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

2. monolith (a large, single block of stone)

Declension

Declension of sal

	singular	plural
nominative	sal	sallar
definite accusative	salı	salları
dative	sala	sallara
locative	salda	sallarda
ablative	saldan	sallardan
definite genitive	salın	salların

Possessive forms of sal

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salım	sallarım
sənin (“your”)	salın	salların
onun (“his/her/its”)	salı	salları
bizim (“our”)	salımız	sallarımız
sizin (“your”)	salınız	sallarınız
onların (“their”)	salı or salları	salları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımı	sallarımı
sənin (“your”)	salını	sallarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	salını	sallarını
bizim (“our”)	salımızı	sallarımızı
sizin (“your”)	salınızı	sallarınızı
onların (“their”)	salını or sallarını	sallarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salıma	sallarıma
sənin (“your”)	salına	sallarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	salına	sallarına
bizim (“our”)	salımıza	sallarımıza
sizin (“your”)	salınıza	sallarınıza
onların (“their”)	salına or sallarına	sallarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımda	sallarımda
sənin (“your”)	salında	sallarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	salında	sallarında
bizim (“our”)	salımızda	sallarımızda
sizin (“your”)	salınızda	sallarınızda
onların (“their”)	salında or sallarında	sallarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımdan	sallarımdan
sənin (“your”)	salından	sallarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	salından	sallarından
bizim (“our”)	salımızdan	sallarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	salınızdan	sallarınızdan
onların (“their”)	salından or sallarından	sallarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımın	sallarımın
sənin (“your”)	salının	sallarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	salının	sallarının
bizim (“our”)	salımızın	sallarımızın
sizin (“your”)	salınızın	sallarınızın
onların (“their”)	salının or sallarının	sallarının

Adjective

sal (comparative daha sal, superlative ən sal)

1. whole, unbroken, of one piece

Verb

sal

1. second-person singular imperative of salmaq

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Persian سال.

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

1. (Classical Azerbaijani) year

   Synonyms: il, sənə, am

Declension

Declension of sal

	singular	plural
nominative	sal	sallar
definite accusative	salı	salları
dative	sala	sallara
locative	salda	sallarda
ablative	saldan	sallardan
definite genitive	salın	salların

Possessive forms of sal

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salım	sallarım
sənin (“your”)	salın	salların
onun (“his/her/its”)	salı	salları
bizim (“our”)	salımız	sallarımız
sizin (“your”)	salınız	sallarınız
onların (“their”)	salı or salları	salları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımı	sallarımı
sənin (“your”)	salını	sallarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	salını	sallarını
bizim (“our”)	salımızı	sallarımızı
sizin (“your”)	salınızı	sallarınızı
onların (“their”)	salını or sallarını	sallarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salıma	sallarıma
sənin (“your”)	salına	sallarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	salına	sallarına
bizim (“our”)	salımıza	sallarımıza
sizin (“your”)	salınıza	sallarınıza
onların (“their”)	salına or sallarına	sallarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımda	sallarımda
sənin (“your”)	salında	sallarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	salında	sallarında
bizim (“our”)	salımızda	sallarımızda
sizin (“your”)	salınızda	sallarınızda
onların (“their”)	salında or sallarında	sallarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımdan	sallarımdan
sənin (“your”)	salından	sallarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	salından	sallarından
bizim (“our”)	salımızdan	sallarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	salınızdan	sallarınızdan
onların (“their”)	salından or sallarından	sallarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımın	sallarımın
sənin (“your”)	salının	sallarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	salının	sallarının
bizim (“our”)	salımızın	sallarımızın
sizin (“your”)	salınızın	sallarınızın
onların (“their”)	salının or sallarının	sallarının

Further reading

• “sal” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan sal, from Latin sāl.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsal]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

Noun

sal f (plural sals)

1. salt

Related terms

• salar

References

• “sal”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], 2007 April
• “sal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025.
• “sal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “sal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Chairel

Noun

sal

1. sun

References

• W. McCulloch, Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill tribes with a comparative vocabulary of the Munnipore and other languages (1859, Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company)

Chavacano

Etymology

Inherited from Spanish sal (“salt”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsal/, [ˈsal]

Noun

sal

1. salt

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, cognate with German Saal, Dutch zaal. The Germanic word was borrowed to French salon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsæˀl]

Noun

sal c (singular definite salen, plural indefinite sale)

1. hall, room
2. floor (storey of a building)

   Synonym: etage

Declension

Declension of sal

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sal	salen	sale	salene
genitive	sals	salens	sales	salenes

Derived terms

• retssal

Further reading

• “sal” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “sal” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

• Audio:

  (file)

Interjection

sal

1. (text messaging) Abbreviation of saluton (“hello”).

Galician

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Compare Portuguese sal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [s̺al]

Noun

sal m (plural sales)

1. salt

   No camiño me colleno co'aquelas pedras de sal que o sol fixo de agua doce misturada coa do mar.

   In the way, I picked up with those salt stones that the sun made from fresh water mixed with sea water.

Derived terms

• saleiro

Related terms

• As Saíñas

References

• “sal”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “sal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sal”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “sal”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sal

1. sun, day, daytime
2. a 24 hour period
3. weather
4. classifier for days

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese sal, from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Cognate with Kabuverdianu sal.

Noun

sal

1. salt

Icelandic

Noun

sal

1. indefinite accusative singular of salur
2. indefinite dative singular of salur

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch zaal, from Middle Dutch sale, from Old Dutch sala, from Proto-West Germanic *sali, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate of Afrikaans saal (“hall, large room”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Noun

sal (plural sal-sal)

1. a large room, hall
2. (healthcare, medicine) ward

Synonyms

• bangsal

Further reading

• “sal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Noun

sal (plural sales)

1. salt (substance consisting of positive and negative ions)

Related terms

• salin

Irish

Noun

sal f (genitive singular saile) or
sal m (genitive singular sail)

1. Alternative form of sail (“dirt; stain”)

Declension

As masculine first-declension noun:

Declension of sal (first declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative sal vocative a shail genitive sail dative sal forms with the definite article singular nominative an sal genitive an tsail dative leis an sal don sal

As feminine second-declension noun:

Declension of sal (second declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative sal vocative a shal genitive saile dative sal forms with the definite article singular nominative an tsal genitive na saile dative leis an tsal don tsal

Mutation

Mutated forms of sal

radical	lenition	eclipsis
sal	shal after an, tsal	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Noun

sal ?

1. salt

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese sal, from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Cognate with Guinea-Bissau Creole sal.

Noun

sal

1. salt

Proper noun

sal

1. (Sal) Sal
2. One of the ten islands of Cape Verde

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sāl.

Noun

sal

1. raft

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “sal”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. The contrast between long ā in the nominative singular and short a in the oblique forms has been interpreted as an archaic ablaut pattern that may be paralleled by pār-paris, mās-maris, and lār-laris.

Cognates include Latvian sāls, Sanskrit सर (sará), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), Tocharian A sāle, Old English sealt (English salt), Proto-Slavic *solь and borrowed into Etruscan 𐌀𐌋𐌑𐌀𐌔𐌄 (alśase).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈsaːɫ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsäl]
• There is only limited attestation of the length of the vowel in the nominative singular: one line in Statius and one in Ausonius. The grammarian Priscian describes sal as containing a short vowel, whereas it is later described as long by the anonymous author of the Ars Bernensis and by Rabanus Maurus.

Noun

sāl m or n (genitive salis); third declension

1. salt

   cum grānō salis ― with a grain of salt

   • c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Silvae 4.9.36, (Phalaecian hendecasyllable):

     non sal oxyporumve caseusve

     • 2015 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey, Christopher A. Parrott

       no salt, no condiment, no cheese?

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.337–338:

     ante, deōs hominī quod conciliāre valēret,
     fār erat et pūrī lūcida mīca salis

     Formerly, what served to win the favor of the gods to man
     was emmer and the glittering grain of pure salt.

   • c. 310 CE – c. 394 CE, Ausonius, epigrammata 96:

     Dodra ex dodrante est. Sic collige: ius aqua vinum
     sal oleum panis mel piper herba, novem.

     • 1921 translation by Hugh G. Evelyn White

       Dodra ("nines") is from dodrans (nine-twelfths). Thus compound: broth, water, wine, salt, oil, bread, honey, pepper, herbs: there's nine!

   • c. 1300 – 1350, Henry of Friemar :

     Sal, oleum, chrisma, cereus, chrismale, saliva, / flatus: virtutem baptismatis ista figurant. / Hec cum patrinis non mutant esse, sed ornant.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (figurative) wit
3. (poetic) brine, salt water, the sea
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.35:

     vēla dabant laetī, et spūmās salis aere ruēbant

     [The Trojans] were gladly spreading their sails, and churning the foam of the salt water with their bronze [prows].

Usage notes

• Occasionally neuter in the singular: this affects the form of the accusative case (sāl when neuter, salem when masculine) and the agreement of associated adjectives and pronouns. The neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular form can alternatively be sale, e.g. in Ennius Ann. 385 and Varro d. Non. 223, 17.
• In the nominative and accusative plural, the word is found only in the masculine gender, with the form salēs.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	sāl	salēs
genitive	salis	salum
dative	salī	salibus
accusative	salem sāl	salēs
ablative	sale	salibus
vocative	sāl	salēs

Derived terms

• salō
• salio
• sāl petrae (stone salt; that is, found as an incrustation)

Descendants

• Aromanian: sari, sare
• Asturian: sal
• Catalan: sal
• Corsican: sale
• Franco-Provençal: sâl
• Friulian: sâl
• Istriot: sal
• Italian: sale m
• Lombard: saa
• Megleno-Romanian: sari
• Mirandese: sal
• Occitan: sal, sau
  • Gallo-Italic of Sicily: sau f
• Old French: sel m
  • Middle French: sel
    • French: sel
  • Franc-Comtois: sâ
  • Norman: sé, saïl
  • Walloon: sé
• Old Galician-Portuguese: sal m
  • Galician: sal m
  • Portuguese: sal m (see there for further descendants)
• Old Spanish: sal f
  • Spanish: sal f (see there for further descendants)
• Piedmontese: sal
• Romagnol: sêl
• Romanian: sare f
• Romansch: sal, sel
• Sardinian: sale
• Sicilian: sali
• Venetan: sal, sałe

Further reading

• “sal”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sal”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sal in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Maltese

Root
s-w-l
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic صَالَ (ṣāla).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saːl/

Verb

sal (imperfect jsul, past participle misul)

1. to rear up

Conjugation

Conjugation of sal

positive forms
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	solt	solt	sal	solna	soltu	salu
	f			salet
imperfect	m	nsul	ssul	jsul	nsulu	ssulu	jsulu
	f			ssul
imperative			sul			sulu

Middle Dutch

Verb

sal

1. first/third-person singular present indicative of sullen

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *carHdáh. May have developped under the influence of Persian سال, as it may be in other Iranic languages, since it occurs as derived from *serd in more isolated Northwest Iranic languages, compare Zazaki serre, Parthian [Term?] (/⁠sarδ⁠/) and also Northern Kurdish sere, navsere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Noun

sal f

1. year

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse salr.

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)

1. a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall.

Derived terms

• ballsal
• forelesningssal
• gymnastikksal
• gymsal
• konsertsal
• rettssal

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sǫðull.

Alternative forms

• sadel

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)

1. saddle

Etymology 3

From Old Norse sal.

Noun

sal n

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 1981; superseded by salg

References

• “sal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz.

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)

1. a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall

Derived terms

• ballsal
• forelesningssal
• gymnastikksal
• gymsal
• konsertsal
• rettssal

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sǫðull, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz.

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)

1. a saddle

Related terms

• sala, sale

Etymology 3

From Old Norse sal (“payment”).

Noun

sal n (definite singular salet, indefinite plural sal, definite plural sala)

1. a sale

Related terms

• selja, selje
• marknad

References

• “sal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• als-, las, sla

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sail, from Proto-Germanic *sailą (“rope”).

Cognate with Old Saxon sēl (Dutch zeel), Old High German seil (German Seil).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Noun

sāl m

1. rope, cord, rein

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	sāl	sālas
accusative	sāl	sālas
genitive	sāles	sāla
dative	sāle	sālum

Descendants

• Middle English: sal, sole, soole
  • Scots: sale, saill, saile, seill, seale
  • English: sole

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin salem. Cognate with Old Spanish sal f and Old French sel m.

Noun

sal m (plural sals)

1. salt

Descendants

• Galician: sal m
• Portuguese: sal m (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Universo Cantigas - "sal"

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *salā.

Noun

sal f (genitive saile)

1. dirt
2. filth, stain
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92^d12

     .i. ní do is ainm du grés pullutum dun elled ass·lentar huanaib salaib corpt[h]aib acht is ainm cac[h] la cein du cach escmun as·lentar hua drochgnimaib.

     It is not for that the term pollutum refers to pollution whereby one is defiled by bodily stains; other times, it is also a term for every impure one who is defiled by bad deeds.

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	salL	sailL	salaH
vocative	salL	sailL	salaH
accusative	sailN	sailL	salaH
genitive	saileH	salL	salN
dative	sailL	salaib	salaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Related terms

• salach

Descendants

• Irish: sail
• Scottish Gaelic: sal

Mutation

Mutation of sal

radical	lenition	nasalization
sal	ṡal	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Norse

Noun

sal

1. accusative/dative singular of salr

Old Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin salem m. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese sal m and Old French sel m.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsal/

Noun

sal f (plural sales)

1. salt
   • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 61r:

     Et ſu p̃priedat es de aborrecer la ſal tanto que biẽ parece que a entramas grand enemiztat. ca ſi las ponen en uno. quiebra la piedra ⁊ mueles; ⁊ la ſal pierde la ſalgadumbre que a en ella.

     And its property is that it loathes salt so much that it would seem that there is a great enmity between them both, for if they are placed together, the stone breaks, and the salt loses all the saltiness within.

Related terms

• salado
• salgadumbre
• salgadura

Descendants

• Spanish: sal f (see there for further descendants)

Piedmontese

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Noun

sal m or f

1. salt

Portuguese

Saleiros com sal.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsaw/ [ˈsaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsal/ [ˈsaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsal/ [ˈsaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.li/

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: sal

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem (“salt, wit”). Compare Galician sal.

Noun

sal m (plural sais)

1. salt (sodium chloride, a substance used as a condiment and preservative)

   Synonyms: cloreto de sódio, sal de cozinha

2. (chemistry) salt (any compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base)
3. (usually in the plural) bath salt (any of several inorganic salts sometimes added to bath water)

   Synonym: sal de banho

4. (figurative) wit; the quality of being engaging

   Synonym: graça

Derived terms

• domo de sal
• sal ácido
• sal amargo
• sal amoníaco
• sal ático
• sal básico
• sal comum
• sal curado
• sal de cozinha
• sal duplo
• sal fino
• sal grosso
• sal interno
• salzinho (diminutive)
• sem sal

Related terms

• salada
• saleiro
• salga
• salgado
• salgar

Descendants

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: sal
• Kabuverdianu: sal

Etymology 2

Noun

sal m (plural sais)

1. (rare) sal (Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree)

Rohingya

Alternative forms

• 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢 (sal) — Hanifi Rohingya script

Noun

sal (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢)

1. roof

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شال (Turkish şal, from Persian شال (šâl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Noun

sal n (plural saluri)

1. (rare) shawl, scarf

   Synonym: șal

Declension

Declension of sal

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	sal	salul		saluri	salurile
genitive-dative	sal	salului		saluri	salurilor
vocative	salule			salurilor

Etymology 2

Shortened form of salut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa(ː)l/

Interjection

sal!

1. (informal) hey!

   Synonym: salut

2. (informal) bye!

   Synonyms: salut, pa

Romansch

Alternative forms

• sel (Puter)

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Noun

sal m

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) salt

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsal/ [ˈsal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: sal

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish sal, from Latin salem (compare Catalan sal f, French sel m, Italian sale m, Portuguese sal m, Romanian sare f; also English salt). It is not known how the noun became feminine.

Noun

sal f (plural sales)

1. salt; table salt

   Synonyms: sal común, sal de mesa

2. (chemistry) salt
3. (Central America, Mexico, Dominican Republic) bad luck, misfortune

Derived terms

• agua salada
• aguasal
• pan de sal
• sal común
• sal de cocina
• sal de la tierra
• sal de mesa
• sal de nitro
• sal inglesa
• sal marina
• salero
• salino
• salobre
• salpicar

Related terms

• ensalada
• salado
• salar (verb)
• salitre
• salmuera
• salso, salsa

Descendants

• → Navajo: sáál
• Papiamentu: salu
• → Ye'kwana: saayu

Etymology 2

Verb

sal

1. second-person singular imperative of salir

Further reading

• “sal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Sumerian

Romanization

sal

1. Romanization of 𒊩 (sal)

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel-.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

sal c

1. a large room, a hall (often for more-or-less public activities)

   föreläsningssal

   lecture hall

   skolans matsal

   the school's dining hall

Declension

Declension of sal

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	sal	sals
	definite	salen	salens
plural	indefinite	salar	salars
	definite	salarna	salarnas

Related terms

• hörsal
• läsesal
• matsal

References

• sal in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sal in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• als

Tat

Etymology

Cognate with Persian سال (sāl).

Noun

sal

1. year

Tocharian B

Adjective

sal

1. dirty

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑɫ/

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish صال (sal, “raft; wine press”), from Proto-Turkic *sāl (“raft”). Cognate with Kazakh сал (sal). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

1. raft

Derived terms

• salcı

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish سل (sal, sel), from Proto-Turkic *sal-.

Verb

sal

1. second-person singular imperative of salmak

References

• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “sal”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2647

Venetan

Alternative forms

• sale

Etymology

From Latin salem.

Noun

sal m (plural sałi)

1. salt (sodium chloride, non-chemical usage)

Noun

sal m (plural sali)

1. (chemistry) salt

Volapük

Noun

sal (nominative plural sals)

1. salt
   • 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: V:

     Binols sal taleda; ab if sal vedonöv nensmelik, me kin osalöfükoy üfo?

     You are salt for the earth. But if salt loses its taste, what can make it salty again?

Declension

Declension of sal

	singular	plural
nominative	sal	sals
genitive	sala	salas
dative	sale	sales
accusative	sali	salis
vocative 1	o sal!	o sals!
predicative 2	salu	salus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only