pa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pa"

Languages (70)

Afrikaans • Albanian • Anuta • Aragonese • Arritinngithigh • Asturian • Basque • Big Nambas • Breton • Catalan • Cebuano • Chut • Classical Nahuatl • Dakota • Dutch • Esperanto • Fala • Galician • Garo • Guaraní • Gun • Haitian Creole • Hiw • Hokkien • Japanese • Kabuverdianu • K'iche' • Koro (India) • Latvian • Liangmai Naga • Louisiana Creole • Luba-Kasai • Macanese • Mandarin • Middle English • Mokilese • Mono (California) • Muong • Nguôn • Occitan • Old Prussian • Old Tupi • Palu'e • Papiamentu • Polish • Ponosakan • Portuguese • Romanian • Sassarese • Serbo-Croatian • Shona • Skou • Slavomolisano • Slovene • Spanish • Sumerian • Swahili • Tagalog • Tho • Tshobdun • Walloon • Welsh • West Makian • Wutunhua • Yola • Yoruba • Zazaki • Zou

Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

pa

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Punjabi.

English

Etymology 1

Clipping of papa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pɑː/
- Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː
Homophones: pah (Etymology 2); par (non-rhotic); paw (cot–caught merger, father-bother merger)

Noun

pa (plural pas)

(colloquial) Father, papa.
Synonyms: da (Irish), dad, daddy, papa, pater, pappy, pop, poppy

Coordinate term: ma
(colloquial) Grandpa, grandfather.
Synonyms: grandpapa, grandpappy, grandpop, grandpoppy, pappy, pop, poppy; big daddy (dialectal)

Usage notes

Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person; see Pa.

Hey, Pa, I'd like you to meet my friend Jamie.

Derived terms

ma-and-pa

Related terms

grandpa

Translations

father

Dutch: pa (nl) m
French: papa (fr) m
German: Vati (de) m
Italian: papà (it) m, babbo (it) m
Macedonian: та́то m (táto)
Portuguese: papai (pt) m, papá (pt)
Russian: па́па (ru) m (pápa)
Spanish: papá (es) m
Volapük: fatül (vo)

grandfather

Dutch: opa (nl) m
French: pépé (fr) m
German: Opa (de) m
Italian: nonno (it) m
Macedonian: де́до (mk) m (dédo)
Portuguese: vovô (pt) m, avozinho
Russian: де́душка (ru) m (déduška)
Spanish: abuelo (es) m, abuelito (es) m

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Maori pā.

Noun

pa (plural pas)

(New Zealand, now historical) A fortified Maori settlement, especially of pre-European times. [from 19th c.]
- 2003, Michael King, The Penguin History of Aotearoa New Zealand, Penguin, published 2023, page 71:
  The very existence of fortified pā was often a sign that those who lived near such complexes sought to discourage attack and wanted to make conflict less likely, not more so.
- 2020, Sujit Sivasundaram, Waves Across the South, William Collins, published 2021, page 68:
  A pa or Māori defence fortification appears at a height on the hill above the bay.
(New Zealand) Any Maori village or settlement; a kainga. [from 19th c.]

Alternative forms

pah

Anagrams

A&P, AP, Ap, ap, ap.

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch pa.

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Noun

pa (plural pa's)

dad, father

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Cognate to Messapic [script needed] (apa, “from, out of, by”),^[1] Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “away, off”), Sanskrit अप (apá).

Pronunciation

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Preposition

pa (+ accusative)

^[2]

Antonyms

me

Derived terms

prapë
pas

Particle

pa

(before imperatives) attenuates a command or suggestion
Pa më thuaj ― Tell me

References

^ W. B. Lockwood, A Panorama of Indo-European languages, Hutchinson, 1972, p. 185
^ Leonard Newmark's Online Albanian Dictionary

Anuta

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

pa

four

Aragonese

Alternative forms

ta (chistavín, benasqués)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/
Syllabification: pa
Rhymes: -a

Preposition

pa

for, to (expressing a recipient)
La zagala va crompar un regalo de nadal ta yo.
The girl bought a Christmas gift for me.

M'aganaría de fer un truco de machia pa vusaltros.
I'd like to perform a magic trick for you all.
to, in order to, so, for (expressing the intended purpose of an action)
Estudio cada nueit sin descansar pa conseguir un treballo decent.
I study every night tirelessly so that I get a decent job.

Saldré luego pa evitar el trafico.
I am going to leave early to avoid traffic.
by, due, due on, due by (expressing a deadline)
Necesito la tuya decisión pa esta semana.
I need your decision by this week.

Es vuestros treballos grupals son ta'l viernes.
Your group projects are due on Friday.
for (expressing contrast from what is expected)
Pa estar un turista estadounidense, él ye prou respetuoso.
For an American tourist, he is pretty respectful.
for, to, in one's opinion, as far as one is concerned (expressing an opinion, perception or perspective)
Pa yo, las rosas bllancas son més bonicas que las royas.
For me, the white roses are more beautiful than the red ones.

Pa'l mio germano, la suya muller tien tota la razón.
As far as my brother is concerned, his wife is totally in the right.

Vam treballar pa la mesma empresa encara que no al mesmo tiempo.
We worked for the same company but not at the same time.

Ella treballó pa Microsoft muitos anyos, pero agora treballa pa Apple.
She worked for Microsoft for many years, but now she works for Apple.

Arritinngithigh

Noun

pa

liver

References

Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004), page 411

Asturian

Etymology

Compare Spanish pa, a contracted form of para.

Preposition

pa

for

Usage notes

The preposition pa contracts to p' before a word beginning with a- or ha-: p'Asturies (for Asturias), p'haber (for to have)

Derived terms

p'
pal

Basque

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Noun

pa inan

kiss

Big Nambas

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/
Rhymes: -a

Adjective

pa

small

References

Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox

Breton

Conjunction

pa

when, if

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan pa (attested at least once as pan), from Latin pānis, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to graze, feed”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpa]
Audio (Valencia): (file)
Rhymes: -a

Noun

pa m (plural pans)

bread

Derived terms

References

“pa”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], 2007 April
“pa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025.
“pa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
“pa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cebuano

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpa/ [ˈpa]

Adverb

pá (Badlit spelling ᜉ)

(after an adjective) marks that something is/was still the case when eventually it wouldn't be so; is still
Antonym: na

katong puti pa ang balay
when the house was still colored white

bag-o pa ni nga teknolohiya
this technology is still brand new
(after verb in the inchoative^[1] aspect) indicates that the action is still ongoing; still (imperfect aspect)
Synonym: gihapon

niadto pa siya ― he is still (in the process of) going
1. (+ negator "wala") indicates that an action has not yet happened; yet
  wala pa siya nikaon ― he has not yet eaten
(after verb in the prospective aspect) indicates obligation or requirement to do the action; still have to
moadto pa siya ― he still has to go
1. (+ negator "dili") indicates that an an action will not be performed soon, but much later; will not ... for now
  dili pa siya moinom ― he wouldn't drink (alcohol) for now
(after an adjective, usually with mas) used in expressing the comparative degree of adjectives; more, -er
Murag (mas) taas pa ang punuan sa balay. ― The tree looks taller than the house.

Mas gikapoy pa ka nako. ― You are more tired than me.

Adjective

pa (Badlit spelling ᜉ)

(after pronouns or names) indicates continuation in the performance of a task by the person as mentioned
Antonym: na

ikaw pa ― it's still your turn

si Tonyo pa ― it's still Tonyo's turn

Derived terms

References

^ encompasses the complete and progressive aspects: the mi-, nag-, gi- form

Chut

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paː¹/

Numeral

pa

three

Classical Nahuatl

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paː/

Verb

pā

(transitive) To dye

References

Andrews, J. Richard (2003) Workbook for Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, revised edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, page 244
Karttunen, Frances (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 182

Dakota

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/

Noun

pa

head

References

http://fpcctalkindian.nativeweb.org/ (Lesson Three)

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paː/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -aː

Noun

pa m (plural pa's, diminutive paatje n)

pa, dad

Descendants

→ Papiamentu: pachi (from the diminutive)

Esperanto

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/
Rhymes: -a
Hyphenation: pa

Interjection

pa

pah

Fala

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese pera.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: pa

Preposition

pa

to (indicates application of an adjective)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 3: Radós:
  A radón mais grandi pa defendela é que é nossa LENGUA MATERNA, a “primeira lengua que un indivíduu aprendi de maneira ínnconscienti duranti a sua infancia” i en ela han aprindiu a idel as primeiras palabras […]
  The greatest reason to defend it is that it is our NATIVE LANGUAGE, the “first language that an individual learns in an unconscious manner during his infancy” and in it learned how to say his first words […]
for (directed at, intended to belong to or to be appropriate for)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 4: ¿Guerras, moas?:
  Encontramus opiniós pa tos os gustus.
  We found opinions for every taste.
to, towards (indicates destination)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:
  I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]
  And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

References

Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Galician

Alternative forms

pá, paa

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese paa, from Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpaː]

Noun

pa f (plural pas)

shovel; spade (tool for digging and moving material)
windmill blade
the end of a paddle or oar with the blade
(anatomy, zootomy) incisor

References

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “paa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “paa”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “pa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “pa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “pa”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Garo

Alternative forms

pagipa (formal)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

pa

father

Guaraní

Adjective

pa

(cardinal number) ten

Derived terms

paha

Gun

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

kpá (Benin)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pá/

Preposition

pá (Nigeria)

towards

Etymology 2

Cognates include Saxwe Gbe kpà, Adja kpa, Fon kpà

Alternative forms

kpà (Benin)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pà/

Verb

pà (Nigeria)

to cut, specifically hair

Derived terms

pà dà (“to cut hair”)
pà odà (“to cut hair”)

Etymology 3

Cognates include Saxwe Gbe kpà, Adja kpa, Fon kpà

Alternative forms

kpà (Benin)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pà/

Verb

pà (Nigeria)

to praise

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French pas.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/

Adverb

pa

not

Usage notes

Double negatives (e.g. pa ... janm or pa ... anyen) are grammatically correct in Haitian Creole.

Hiw

Verb

pa

to finish, (be brought to an) end

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of pa – see 吧. (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 吧).

Japanese

Romanization

pa

The hiragana syllable ぱ (pa) or the katakana syllable パ (pa) in Hepburn romanization.

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese para.

Preposition

pa

for
to

K'iche'

Preposition

pa

References

Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary

Koro (India)

Noun

pa

arrow

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó. Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian pa-, Old Prussian pa-, po-, Proto-Slavic *po.

Preposition

pa (with accusative or dative)

on
along
iet pa ceļu ― to walk along the road
to
in
through
during
pa naktīm ― during night
by
pa pastu ― by post
over
pa radio ― over the radio

Liangmai Naga

Pronoun

pa (dual panai, plural paliu)

he, she

Louisiana Creole

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/
Rhymes: -a
Homophone: Pa

Etymology 1

Inherited from French pas (“step, pace, footstep; not”). For semantic evolution from step to not, see etymology section at French pas.

Noun

pa

(a) step, (a) pace, (a) footstep
- 1998, Albert Valdman, Thomas A. Klingler, Margaret M. Marshall, Kevin J. Rottet, Dictionary of Louisiana Creole, page 345:
  Li fe so premye pa yèr. [Li fé sô prémyé pa yèr.]
  He took his first step yesterday.

Adverb

pa

Most common adverb of negation in Louisiana Creole, typically translating into English as not, don't, doesn't, etc.
Çé pa jist. ― It's not fair.

To pa ka trouvé mô shyin? ― You can't find my dog?
- 1998, Albert Valdman, Thomas A. Klingler, Margaret M. Marshall, Kevin J. Rottet, Dictionary of Louisiana Creole, page 345:
  Piti-ye astè-la kwa pa dan fifole-ye. [Piti-yé astè-la kwa pa dan fifolé-yé.]
  Children today don't believe in will-o'-the-wisps.

Derived terms

(prevocalic) p'
pa aryin (“nothing”)
pa ditou (“not at all”)
pa nil-plas (“nowhere”)
pa pærsonn (“no one”)
pa-d-kwa (“you're welcome”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Probably inherited from French "papa" or similar.”) Compare Louisiana Creole Pa (“Brer”).

Noun

pa

(a) father, (a) dad
Synonyms: pær, pap, papa, papi, pè, pèr, popa
- 1998, Albert Valdman, Thomas A. Klingler, Margaret M. Marshall, Kevin J. Rottet, Dictionary of Louisiana Creole, page 345:
  Mo pa sète en FARMER ^[sic]. [Mô pa sèté in farmer.]
  My father was a farmer.

Luba-Kasai

Verb

pa

to give

Macanese

Alternative forms

pra

Etymology

From Portuguese para and pra. Compare Kabuverdianu and Papiamentu pa.

Preposition

pa

to
Iou muto querê pa vôs ― I love you very much (literally, “I very much love to you”)

metê limam pa tirâ amiz ― add lemon to remove the unpleasant flavour
for
águ pa banhâ ― bathwater (literally, “water for bathing”)

sô pa iou ― only for me

passâ iou pa mentiroso ― to take me for a liar
towards, into
dâ ung'a tricada pa águ ― to jump into the water

References

https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Mandarin

Romanization

pa

Nonstandard spelling of pā.
Nonstandard spelling of pá.
Nonstandard spelling of pà.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

Noun

pa

Alternative form of po

Mokilese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpa/

Verb

pa

to weave

Mono (California)

Etymology

From Proto-Numic *pa from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

Noun

pa

water

Muong

**Muong cardinal numbers**
< 2	3	4 >
Cardinal : pa

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paː¹/

Numeral

pa

three

Nguôn

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paː¹/

Numeral

pa

three

Occitan

Adverb

pa

not (indicates negation)

Old Prussian

Etymology

From the Proto-Indo-European root *upo- (“under, up”).

Preposition

pa

under

Adverb

pa

under

Old Tupi

Adverb

pa

Lamy spelling of pá

Palu'e

Etymology

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

pa

four

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese para and Spanish para and Kabuverdianu pa.

Preposition

pa

Polish

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpa/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: pa
Homophone: pas

Interjection

pa

(familiar) bye

Derived terms

interjection

pa pa

Ponosakan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *pa (“still, yet, til now, first (before doing something else)”). Cognate with Tagalog pa (“yet”), Mongondow -pa (“still”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/

Adverb

pa

still;
Notiyuh pa siya. ― He's still sleeping.
more
yet (with a negative)
first

Portuguese

Etymology

Syncopic form of para.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /pa/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɐ/

Hyphenation: pa

Preposition

pa

(colloquial) Syncopic form of para

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian pá.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pa]
Rhymes: -a

Interjection

pa

bye
Synonym: la revedere

Sassarese

Preposition

pa

Alternative spelling of pa'

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Common South Slavic; compare Slovene pa, Bulgarian па (pa). See also pa-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/

Conjunction

pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

(and) then
Synonym: ȍndā

prvo ću skočiti ja, pa ti ― I'll jump first, (and) then you

učenje pa odmor pa zabava ― learning, then rest, then fun
(and) so, therefore
Synonym: stȍgā

Potrošio sam sav novac, pa sam se morao vratiti kući. ― I've spent all of my money, so I had to go back home.
(with da or màkar) even if, even though, although
(with ȉpāk) (and, but) yet, still
bogat je, pa ipak usamljen ― he's rich, but still lonely
(with da + i) even if

Particle

pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

so, so what
Pa? ― So what?
(for emphasis) well, so
Pa dobro! ― All right, then!

Pa što je s tobom? ― What's with you?

Pa i ne baš ― Well, not exactly

Pa što onda? ― So what?
(regional, for emphasis) even
Pa i moja baba već zna da to nije istina! ― Even my grandma knows that that is not true!

Shona

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

Verb

-pá (infinitive kupá)

to give

Skou

Noun

pa

water
Móenòeng pe tue e tue pa.
There are crocodiles in the water.

References

Donohue, Mark. Rópu we te máwo pílang te: Skou dictionary draft. s.l. 80pp. (2002).

Slavomolisano

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian pa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/

Particle

pa

well, so
- 2010, Luigi Peca, La guerre à Acquaviva:
  Alora pa, ka biša gvera, ka pa je rivala kurta nasa ova gvera, mi, tuna žene aš ljuda, te ljuda veča… ka bihu veča zdrave – nò? mahu sa po hranit.
  Well then, during the war, when this war came close to us, we, all the women and men, the men (who were) more… who were healthier – you know? had to hide themselves.

References

Breu, W., Mader Skender, M. B. & Piccoli, G. 2013. Oral texts in Molise Slavic (Italy): Acquaviva Collecroce. In Adamou, E., Breu, W., Drettas, G. & Scholze, L. (eds.). 2013. EuroSlav2010: Elektronische Datenbank bedrohter slavischer Varietäten in nichtslavophonen Ländern Europas – Base de données électronique de variétés slaves menacées dans des pays européens non slavophones. Konstanz: Universität / Paris: Lacito (Internet Publication).

Slovene

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/
Audio: (file)

Conjunction

pa

and
Jaz pa ti. ― Me and you.
but
Je dober, ne pa najbolši. ― He is good but not the best.
so
Zaspal je, pa je zamudil šolo. ― He overslept, so he was late for school.

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpa/ [ˈpa]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: pa

Noun

pa m (plural pas)

(Latin America) Clipping of papá: dad; pop; papa

Preposition

pa

Alternative form of pa'

References

Among the places this form is used is southern Arizona, per Anita Calneh Post, Southern Arizona Spanish phonology (1934), page 36: "The commonest loss of intervocalic r in southern Arizona is in para, which is always pa ..."

Sumerian

Romanization

pa

Romanization of 𒉺 (pa)

Swahili

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

Verb

-pa (no plain infinitive)

to give to (someone)
Nimewapa kitabu. ― I have given them a book.

Nijawapa kitabu. ― I have not yet given them a book.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pa (obligatory object concord)

Subjunctive	-pe
Negative	-pi

Object concord

Indicative positive
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-nipa	-tupa
2nd person		-kupa	-wapa/-kupeni/-wapeni
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mpa	-wapa
3rd person	other classes	—
Reflexive		-jipa
Subjunctive
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-nipe	-tupe
2nd person		-kupe	-wape
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mpe	-wape
3rd person	other classes	—
Reflexive		-jipe
Indicative negative
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-nipi	-tupi
2nd person		-kupi	-wapi
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mpi	-wapi
3rd person	other classes	—
Reflexive		-jipi

Relative forms general positive (positive subject concord + object concord + -pa- + relative marker)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-paye	-pao
m-mi_(III/IV)	-pao	-payo
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-palo	-payo
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-pacho	-pavyo
n_(IX/X)	-payo	-pazo
u_(XI)	-pao	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-pako
pa_(XVI)	-papo
mu_(XVIII)	-pamo

Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -pea
- Passive: -pewa
- Reciprocal: -peana

Nominal derivations:
- kipaji (“donation, gift”)
- mpaji (“giver”)
- upaji (“offering, giving”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Particle

pa

pa class_(XVI) inflected form of -a

Tagalog

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /pa/ [pɐ]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: pa

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *pa (“still, yet, til now, first (before doing something else)”). Cognate with Cebuano pa (“id”), Malagasy fa (“for, but, therefore, because, that”).

Adverb

pa (Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

yet
Hindi pa niya binuhay ang sinaing.
He hasn't turned the rice cooker on yet.
still; eventually; in the future
Buhay pa ang bintilador; bakit hindi mo 'to pinatay?
The fan is still on; why didn't you turn it off?
in addition, too
in the past
even

Alternative forms

p — text messaging

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜉ (pa).

Noun

pa (Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

the name of the Latin-script letter P/p, in the Abakada alphabet
Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) pi, (in the Abecedario) pe

Etymology 3

Noun

pa (Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

(informal, familiar, childish) Clipping of papa.
Synonyms: papa, ama, tatay, itay, tay, tatang

Coordinate term: ma

Anagrams

AP

Tho

**Tho cardinal numbers**
< 2	3	4 >
Cardinal : pa

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba, Muong pa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paː¹/

Numeral

pa

three

Tshobdun

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak.

Noun

pa

pig

Walloon

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/

Noun

pa m (plural pas)

father

Coordinate terms

(gender): mame

Welsh

Alternative forms

py

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷís); compare Latin quid, Old Irish cid, Modern Irish cad, Cornish py, pe.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paː/
Rhymes: -aː

Pronoun

pa

(interrogative, archaic) what

Determiner

pa

which
Synonym: pwy

Derived terms

Usage notes

The usage of pa as an interrogative has been rendered obsolete by the modern word beth, which derives from the phrase pa beth (literally “what thing”).
pa as a determiner tends to be replaced by pwy in Southern Welsh.

West Makian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa/

Verb

pa

(transitive, with ta-) to request, ask for
tapa ampong te ni ― I ask you for forgiveness

Conjugation

Conjugation of pa (action verb)
		singular	plural
		singular	inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tapa	mapa	apa
2nd person		napa	fapa
3rd person	inanimate	ipa	dapa
3rd person	animate	ipa	dapa
imperative		napa, pa	fapa, pa

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa(ː)/

Noun

pa

Alternative form of papa (“female”)

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[2], Pacific linguistics
James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎^[3], Pacific linguistics

Wutunhua

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pʰɑ]

Noun

pa

friend

References

Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎^[4], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yola

Preposition

pa

.===Pronunciation===

/pa/

Aphetic form of apaa
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 60:
  Pa ooree; Pa cawl.
  Upon each other; Upon the horse.
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 69:
  Pa sthit.
  Upon the filly.
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:
  A wuf is pa varreen.
  The gad is on the headland.

References

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 60

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *kpa, possibly a Doublet of kú

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pā/

Verb

pa

(transitive) to kill
Ẹ fẹ́ pa mí ni!?
You want to kill me!?
1. (transitive) to murder
  Ó pa ìyàwó ẹ̀.
  He murdered his wife.
2. (transitive) to execute
3. (transitive) to switch off, to turn off
  Má gbàgbé láti máa pa tẹlifíṣọ̀n.
  Don't forget to turn off the television.
4. (transitive) to extinguish
  A dúpẹ́ pé wọ́n pa iná kó tó jó odindi ilé tán pátá.
  Thankfully the fire was extinguished before it burnt the whole house down.
5. (transitive) to stop, to terminate
  Wọ́n pa ìlù.
  They stopped the drumming.
(transitive) to pain, to kill
Yéè! Ẹsẹ̀ yìí fẹ́ pa mí o!
Ouch! My feet are killing me!
1. (transitive) to disturb
  Ebi ń pa mí.
  Hunger is disturbing me.
  
  (I am hungry)
2. (transitive) to intoxicate
  Ọtí ń pa wọ́n.
  Alchohol is intoxicating them.
  
  (They are drunk)
(transitive) to open, to smash open, to thresh
Ẹ bá mi pa obì yìí.
Help me open this kola nut.

Ó pa ọkà.
He threshed the corn.
(transitive) to hatch
Adìyẹ mi ti pa ọmọ
My hen's hatched chicks

Derived terms

bọ́ pa (“to fatten in order to slaughter”)
fara pa (“to injure the body”)
gún pa (“to stab”)
lù pa (“to strike dead”)
pakà (“to thresh maize”)
pamọ (“to hatch chicks”)
paná (“to extinguish a fire”)
pẹja (“to fish”)
pààyàn (“to kill people”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pā/

Verb

pa

(transitive) to tell, to convey
Irọ́ l'o ń pa o! ― You're telling a lie!

Derived terms

pariwo (“to make noise”)
parọ́ (“to tell a lie”)
pidán (“to practice magic”)
pọfọ̀ (“to recite an incantation”)
pàlọ́ (“to tell a riddle, to tell a folk story”)
pàrokò (“to convey an aroko”)
pàrọwà (“to entreat”)
pàṣẹ (“to command”)
pète (“to scheme”)
pìtàn (“to tell a story, to narrate history”)
pògèdè (“to recite an incantation”)
pòṣé (“to kiss teeth”)
pòwe (“to tell a proverb”)

Etymology 3

Compare with Igbo kpa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pā/

Verb

pa

(transitive) to rub
Mo máa ń fi òrí pa ọwọ́ mi ― I use shea butter to moisturize my hands
(transitive) to scorch, to drench, to beat usually in relation to weather
Òjò ń pa mí. ― Rain is drenching me.

Òjò ń pa òrùlé. ― The rain is beating the roof.

Oòrùn ń pa mí. ― The sun is beating me.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pā/

Verb

pa

to gain, to make
1. to earn (money)
  Wọn kì í pa owó látinú iṣẹ́ yìí. ― They don't make money from doing such work.
  
  Ọbẹ̀ tó dùn, owó ló pa á ― A delicious stew; money is what earnt it

pagbo (“to gather”)
pawó (“to make money”)
pàdánù (“to lose”)
pàgọ́ (“to set camp”)
pòfo (“to fail”)

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pā/

Verb

pa

to be in a state, defined by a following adverb
Òkun pa rọ́rọ́. ― The sea is calm.

Derived terms

pa rọ́rọ́ (“to be tranquil”)
pirọrọ (“to be calm, to be in a false sleep”)

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pā/

Verb

pa

to be tight
Mo dè é pa ― I screwed it tight

Derived terms

dè pa (“to screw tight”)
dé pa (“to cover tightly”)
dì pa (“to tie”)
fún pa (“to pull tight”)
kàn pa (“to hammer tight”)
lọ́ pa (“to twist”)
so pa (“to tie”)
tì pa (“to shut tight, to lock”)
wé pa (“to fold tight”)
yí pa (“to turn, to twist”)

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k͡pá/

Verb

pá

to be bald
Ó pá lórí. ― He's bald on the head.

(He is bald)

Derived terms

apárí (“bald person”)
párí (“to be bald”)

Zazaki

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”), cognates include Sanskrit पद् (pád), Latin pes (French pied), German Fuß, English foot.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pɔː/

Noun

pa

(anatomy) leg, foot

Zou

Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *paa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pa. Cognates include Chinese 爸 (bà) and Tibetan པ་ཕ (pa pha).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa˧˥/

Noun

pá

Etymology 2

Perhaps related to Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pa˧/

Noun

pa

cousin

References

Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 60

[Lockwood-1] W. B. Lockwood, A Panorama of Indo-European languages, Hutchinson, 1972, p. 185

[2] Leonard Newmark's Online Albanian Dictionary

[inchoative_aspect-3] sses the complete and progressive aspects: the mi-, nag-, gi- form

[1]

[2]

[1]

Translingual

Symbol

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

Alternative forms

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Albanian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Antonyms

Derived terms

Particle

References

Anuta

Etymology

Numeral

Aragonese

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Preposition

Arritinngithigh

Noun

References

Asturian

Etymology

Preposition

Usage notes

Derived terms

Basque

Pronunciation

Noun

Big Nambas

Pronunciation

Adjective

References

Breton

Conjunction

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Cebuano

Pronunciation

Adverb

Adjective

Derived terms

References

Chut

Etymology

Pronunciation

Numeral

Classical Nahuatl

Pronunciation

Verb

References

Dakota

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun