pa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pa"

English

Etymology 1

Clipping of papa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑː/
• Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

pa (plural pas)

1. (colloquial) Father, papa.
2. (colloquial) Grandpa, grandfather.

Usage notes

• Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person; see Pa.

Hey, Pa, I'd like you to meet my friend Jamie.

Synonyms

• (father): da (Irish) , dad, daddy, papa, pater
• (grandfather): grandpa, grandpappy

Translations

father

• Dutch: pa (nl) m
• French: papa (fr) m
• German: Vati (de) m
• Italian: papà (it) m, babbo (it) m

• Macedonian: та́то m (táto)|tr=táto
• Russian: па́па (ru) m (pápa)
• Spanish: papá (es) m
• Volapük: fatül (vo)

grandfather

• Dutch: opa (nl) m
• French: pépé (fr) m
• German: Opa (de) m
• Italian: nonno (it) m

• Macedonian: де́до m (dédo)|tr=dédo
• Russian: де́душка (ru) m (déduška)
• Spanish: abuelo (es) m, abuelito (es) m

See also

• grandpa
• ma

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Maori.

Noun

pa (plural pas)

1. a Maori fort

Alternative forms

• pah

Anagrams

• A&P, AP, Ap, ap, ap.

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Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch.

Noun

pa (plural pa's)

1. dad, father

Synonyms

• pappa
• vader

Antonyms

• ma

Derived terms

• oupa

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Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h2(e)po- (“off, away”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ἄπα (ápa), ἀπά (apá, “away, off”).

Preposition

pa (+accusative)

1. without
2. thus, then, so

Antonyms

• me

Derived terms

• prapë
• pas

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Anuta

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

pa

1. (cardinal) four

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Asturian

Etymology

Compare Spanish pa, a contracted form of para.

Preposition

pa

1. for

Usage notes

• The preposition pa contracts to p' before a word beginning with a- or ha-: p'Asturies (for Asturias), p'haber (for to have)

Derived terms

• p'
• pal

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Basque

Noun

pa

1. kiss

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Breton

Conjunction

pa

1. when, if

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Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan pan, from Latin pānis, pānem, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to graze, feed”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈpa/
• Rhymes: -a

Noun

pa m (plural pans)

1. bread

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Classical Nahuatl

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paː/

Verb

pā

1. (transitive) To dye

References

• Andrews, J. Richard (2003) Workbook for Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, revised edition edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, page 244
• Karttunen, Frances (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 182

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Dakota

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa/

Noun

pa

1. head

References

• http://fpcctalkindian.nativeweb.org/ (Lesson Three)

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paː/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aː

Noun

pa m (plural pa's, diminutive paatje n)

1. pa, dad

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Esperanto

Interjection

pa

1. pah

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Fala

Etymology

From Old Portuguese pera.

Preposition

pa

1. to (indicates application of an adjective)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 3: Radós:

     A radón mais grandi pa defendela é que é nossa LENGUA MATERNA, a “primeira lengua que un indivíduu aprendi de maneira ínnconscienti duranti a sua infancia” i en ela han aprindiu a idel as primeiras palabras […]

     The greatest reason to defend it is that it is our NATIVE LANGUAGE, the “first language that an individual learns in an unconscious manner during his infancy” and in it learned how to say his first words […]

2. for (directed at, intended to belong to or to be appropriate for)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 4: ¿Guerras, moas?:

     Encontramus opiniós pa tos os gustus.

     We found opinions for every taste.

3. to, towards (indicates destination)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:

     I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]

     And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

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Guaraní

Numeral

pa

1. ten

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Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French pas.

Adverb

pa

1. not

Usage notes

• Double negatives (e.g. pa ... janm or pa ... anyen) are grammatically correct in Haitian Creole.

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Hiw

Verb

pa

1. to finish, (be brought to an) end

Further reading

• Alexandre François, Pragmatic demotion and clause dependency: On two atypical subordinating strategies in the Lo-Toga and Hiw (Torres, Vanuatu) (2010), in Clause Linking and Clause Hierarchy (edited by Isabelle Bril)

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Japanese

Romanization

pa

1. Rōmaji transcription of ぱ
2. Rōmaji transcription of パ

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Latvian

Preposition

pa (with accusative or dative)

1. on
2. along

   iet pa ceļu ― to walk along the road

3. to
4. in
5. through
6. during

   pa naktīm ― during night

7. by

   pa pastu ― by post

8. over

   pa radio ― over the radio

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Mandarin

Romanization

pa

1. Nonstandard spelling of pā.
2. Nonstandard spelling of pá.
3. Nonstandard spelling of pà.

Usage notes

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

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Maori

Noun

pa

1. a Maori fortified camp

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Min Nan

For pronunciation and definitions of pa – see 吧. (This character, pa, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 吧.)

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Occitan

Adverb

pa

1. not (indicates negation)

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Old Prussian

Etymology

From the Proto-Indo-European root *upo- (“under, up”).

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Preposition

pa

1. under

Adverb

pa

1. under

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Palu'e

Etymology

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

pa

1. (cardinal) four

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Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese para and Spanish para and Kabuverdianu pa.

Adverb

pa

1. before
2. to
3. for
4. by

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa/

• Audio

  (file)

Interjection

pa

1. (familiar) bye

Synonyms

• pa pa

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Portuguese

Preposition

pa

1. (Africa, rural areas of Brazil) Contraction of para.

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian pá.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pa]
• Rhymes: -a

Interjection

pa

1. bye

Synonyms

• la revedere

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Common South Slavic; compare Slovene pa, Bulgarian па (pa). See also pa-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa/

Conjunction

pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

1. (and) then (= ȍndā)

   prvo ću skočiti ja, pa ti ― I'll jump first, (and) then you

   učenje pa odmor pa zabava ― learning, then rest, then fun

2. (and) so

   potrošio sam sav novac, pa sam se morao vratiti kući ― I've spent all of my money, so I had to go back home

3. (with da or màkar) even if, even though, although
4. (with ȉpāk) (and, but) yet, still

   bogat je, pa ipak usamljen ― he's rich, but still lonely

5. (with da + i) even if

Particle

pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

1. (for emphasis) well, so

   Pa dobro! ― Well, all right!

   Pa što je s tobom? ― Well, what's wrong with you?

   Pa i ne baš ― Well, not exactly

   Pa što onda? ― So what? (literally, “So what then?”)

2. (regional, for emphasis) even

   Pa i moja baba već zna da to nije istina! ― Even my grandma knows that that is not true by now!

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Slovene

Conjunction

pa

1. and

   Jaz pa ti. ― Me and you.

2. but

   Je dober, ne pa najbolši. ― He is good but not the best.

3. so

   Zaspal je, pa je zamudil šolo. ― He overslept, so he was late for school.

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Spanish

Alternative forms

• pa’

Preposition

pa

1. (colloquial) Apocopic form of para

See also

• de pe a pa

References

• Among the places this form is used is southern Arizona, per Anita Calneh Post, Southern Arizona Spanish phonology (1934), page 36: "The commonest loss of intervocalic r in southern Arizona is in para, which is always pa ..."

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Swahili

Verb

-pa (infinitive kupa)

1. to give to (someone)

Usage notes

• This verb must be used with an object concord:

• Nimewakupa kitabu. ― I have given them a book.
• Nijawapa kitabu. ― I have not (yet) given them a book.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pa
Non-finite forms
Form					Positive							Negative
Infinitive					kupa							kutokupa
Simple finite forms
Positive form					Singular							Plural
Imperative					—							—
Habitual					hupa
Complex finite forms
Polarity	Persons				Persons / Classes		Classes
	1st		2nd		3rd / M-wa		M-mi		Ma		Ki-vi		N		U	Ku	Pa	Mu
	Sg.	Pl.	Sg.	Pl.	Sg. / 1	Pl. / 2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11 / 14	15 / 17	16	18
Past Positive nilikupa nalikupa tulikupa twalikupa ulikupa walikupa mlikupa mwalikupa alikupa walikupa ulikupa ilikupa lilikupa yalikupa kilikupa vilikupa ilikupa zilikupa ulikupa kulikupa palikupa mulikupa Relative niliokupa naliokupa tuliokupa twaliokupa uliokupa waliokupa mliokupa mwaliokupa aliokupa waliokupa uliokupa iliokupa liliokupa yaliokupa kiliokupa viliokupa iliokupa ziliokupa uliokupa kuliokupa paliokupa muliokupa Negative sikupa hatukupa hukupa hamkupa hakupa hawakupa haukupa haikupa halikupa hayakupa hakikupa havikupa haikupa hazikupa haukupa hakukupa hapakupa hamukupa
Present Positive ninakupa nakupa tunakupa unakupa mnakupa anakupa wanakupa unakupa inakupa linakupa yanakupa kinakupa vinakupa inakupa zinakupa unakupa kunakupa panakupa munakupa Relative ninaokupa naokupa tunaokupa unaokupa mnaokupa anaokupa wanaokupa unaokupa inaokupa linaokupa yanaokupa kinaokupa vinaokupa inaokupa zinaokupa unaokupa kunaokupa panaokupa munaokupa Negative sikupi hatukupi hukupi hamkupi hakupi hawakupi haukupi haikupi halikupi hayakupi hakikupi havikupi haikupi hazikupi haukupi hakukupi hapakupi hamukupi
Future Positive nitakupa tutakupa utakupa mtakupa atakupa watakupa utakupa itakupa litakupa yatakupa kitakupa vitakupa itakupa zitakupa utakupa kutakupa patakupa mutakupa Relative nitakaokupa tutakaokupa utakaokupa mtakaokupa atakaokupa watakaokupa utakaokupa itakaokupa litakaokupa yatakaokupa kitakaokupa vitakaokupa itakaokupa zitakaokupa utakaokupa kutakaokupa patakaokupa mutakaokupa Negative sitakupa hatutakupa hutakupa hamtakupa hatakupa hawatakupa hautakupa haitakupa halitakupa hayatakupa hakitakupa havitakupa haitakupa hazitakupa hautakupa hakutakupa hapatakupa hamutakupa
Subjunctive Positive nipe tupe upe mpe ape wape upe ipe lipe yape kipe vipe ipe zipe upe kupe pape mupe Negative nisipe tusipe usipe msipe asipe wasipe usipe isipe lisipe yasipe kisipe visipe isipe zisipe usipe kusipe pasipe musipe
Present Conditional Positive ningekupa tungekupa ungekupa mngekupa angekupa wangekupa ungekupa ingekupa lingekupa yangekupa kingekupa vingekupa ingekupa zingekupa ungekupa kungekupa pangekupa mungekupa Negative nisingekupa singekupa tusingekupa hatungekupa usingekupa hungekupa msingekupa hamngekupa asingekupa hangekupa wasingekupa hawangekupa usingekupa haungekupa isingekupa haingekupa lisingekupa halingekupa yasingekupa hayangekupa kisingekupa hakingekupa visingekupa havingekupa isingekupa haingekupa zisingekupa hazingekupa usingekupa haungekupa kusingekupa hakungekupa pasingekupa hapangekupa musingekupa hamungekupa
Past Conditional Positive ningalikupa tungalikupa ungalikupa mngalikupa angalikupa wangalikupa ungalikupa ingalikupa lingalikupa yangalikupa kingalikupa vingalikupa ingalikupa zingalikupa ungalikupa kungalikupa pangalikupa mungalikupa Negative nisingalikupa singalikupa tusingalikupa hatungalikupa usingalikupa hungalikupa msingalikupa hamngalikupa asingalikupa hangalikupa wasingalikupa hawangalikupa usingalikupa haungalikupa isingalikupa haingalikupa lisingalikupa halingalikupa yasingalikupa hayangalikupa kisingalikupa hakingalikupa visingalikupa havingalikupa isingalikupa haingalikupa zisingalikupa hazingalikupa usingalikupa haungalikupa kusingalikupa hakungalikupa pasingalikupa hapangalikupa musingalikupa hamungalikupa
Conditional Contrary to Fact Positive ningelikupa tungelikupa ungelikupa mngelikupa angelikupa wangelikupa ungelikupa ingelikupa lingelikupa yangelikupa kingelikupa vingelikupa ingelikupa zingelikupa ungelikupa kungelikupa pangelikupa mungelikupa
General Relative Positive nipao tupao upao mpao apao wapao upao ipao lipao yapao kipao vipao ipao zipao upao kupao papao mupao Negative nisiokupa tusiokupa usiokupa msiokupa asiokupa wasiokupa usiokupa isiokupa lisiokupa yasiokupa kisiokupa visiokupa isiokupa zisiokupa usiokupa kusiokupa pasiokupa musiokupa
Gnomic Positive napa twapa wapa mwapa apa wapa wapa yapa lapa yapa chapa vyapa yapa zapa wapa kwapa papa mwapa
Perfect Positive nimekupa tumekupa umekupa mmekupa amekupa wamekupa umekupa imekupa limekupa yamekupa kimekupa vimekupa imekupa zimekupa umekupa kumekupa pamekupa mumekupa
"Already" Positive nimeshakupa tumeshakupa umeshakupa mmeshakupa ameshakupa wameshakupa umeshakupa imeshakupa limeshakupa yameshakupa kimeshakupa vimeshakupa imeshakupa zimeshakupa umeshakupa kumeshakupa pameshakupa mumeshakupa
"Not yet" Negative sijapa hatujapa hujapa hamjapa hajapa hawajapa haujapa haijapa halijapa hayajapa hakijapa havijapa haijapa hazijapa haujapa hakujapa hapajapa hamujapa
"If/When" Positive nikipa tukipa ukipa mkipa akipa wakipa ukipa ikipa likipa yakipa kikipa vikipa ikipa zikipa ukipa kukipa pakipa mukipa
"If not" Negative nisipokupa tusipokupa usipokupa msipokupa asipokupa wasipokupa usipokupa isipokupa lisipokupa yasipokupa kisipokupa visipokupa isipokupa zisipokupa usipokupa kusipokupa pasipokupa musipokupa
Consecutive Positive nikapa tukapa ukapa mkapa akapa wakapa ukapa ikapa likapa yakapa kikapa vikapa ikapa zikapa ukapa kukapa pakapa mukapa
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -pea
  • Passive: -pewa
  • Reciprocal: -peana

• Nominal derivations:
  • mpaji

Particle

pa

1. Pa class inflected form of -a.

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Tshobdun

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak.

Noun

pa

1. pig

Further reading

• Jackson T. S. Sun, Typology of Generic-Person Making in Tshobdun Rgyalrong (2014)

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Walloon

Noun

pa m (plural pas)

1. father

Coordinate terms

• (gender): mame

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Welsh

Alternative forms

• py

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷis); compare Latin quid, Old Irish cid, Modern Irish cad, Cornish py, pe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paː/

Pronoun

pa

1. (interrogative, archaic) what

Determiner

pa

1. which

Usage notes

• The usage of pa as an interrogative has been rendered obsolete by the modern word beth, which derives from the phrase pa beth, meaning literally ‘what thing’.
• pa as a determiner tends to be replaced by pwy in Southern Welsh.

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Zazaki

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”), cognates include Sanskrit पद् (pád), Latin pes (French pied), German Fuß, English foot.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔː/

Noun

pa ?

1. (anatomy) leg, foot