panis

See also: panís

Latin

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Usually explained as a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to graze”), via earlier Proto-Italic *pāstnis (compare pāstillus (“cake, pastille”) and supine pāstum). However, compare pānus, pānicum (“ear of millet”).

pānēs (loaves)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpaː.nɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpaː.nis]

Noun

pānis m (genitive pānis); third declension

1. bread, loaf

   Pānem nostrum quotīdiānum dā nōbīs hodiē. ― Give us this day our daily bread.

   • 20 BCE – 14 BCE, Horace, Epistles IX.9–11:

     Quid quaeris? Vivo et regno, simul ista reliqui
     Quae vos ad caelum fertis rumore secundo,
     Utque sacerdotis fugitivus liba recuso,
     Pane egeo iam mellitis potiore placentis.

     What do you want from me? I live, I am my own master, I left behind the self same things you by common approval so eagerly covet, like the fugitive I have no right to the priest's blessed cake, but bread will quench my hunger over any honeyed delicacy.

2. (figuratively) food or nourishment in general, whether physical or spiritual
3. a mass in the shape of a loaf

   (Can we add an example for this sense? )

Declension

• The genitive plural is rare. The form pānium is found in Charisius, quoting Caesar, but Priscian specifies the form as pānum.

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	pānis	pānēs
genitive	pānis	pānium pānum
dative	pānī	pānibus
accusative	pānem	pānēs pānīs
ablative	pāne	pānibus
vocative	pānis	pānēs

Derived terms

• compāniō m
• pānāriolum n
• pānārium n
• pānārius
• pānicellus
• pāniceus
• pānicium
• pānicoctārius
• pānifex
• pānifica
• pānificium
• pānōsus
• pāstillum
• pāstillus

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: pane, pani (Campidanese)
• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: pãni, pãne, peni, peni, pãni, pãne
  • Istro-Romanian: păre
  • Megleno-Romanian: pǫini, poini
  • Romanian: pâine, pâne
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: pane, panu
  • Dalmatian: pun, pen, puan
  • Istriot: pan
  • Italian: pane
  • Neapolitan: pane
  • Sicilian: pani
  • Venetan: pan
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: pan
  • Ladin: pan
  • Romansch: paun, pan, pang, pàn
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: pan
  • Ligurian: pan
  • Lombard: pan, pagn
  • Piedmontese: pan
  • Romagnol: pen, pâ
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: pa
  • Franco-Provençal: pan
  • Old French: pain (see there for further descendants)
  • Occitan: pan
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: pan
  • Asturian: pan
  • Leonese: pan
  • Mirandese: pan
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: pan, pam, pã (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Spanish: pan
    • Ladino: pan
    • Spanish: pan (see there for further descendants)
• Borrowings:
  • → Ancient Greek: πᾶνις (pânis)
    • → Old Armenian: պան (pan) (or directly from Latin) (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “panis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “panis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "panis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “panis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to give a person poison in bread: dare venenum in pane
    
  • ordinary bread: panis cibarius
    
• “panis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Anagrams

• spina

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *panúqus. Compare Ilocano panuos, Cebuano pan-os, and Maranao panos.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈpanis/ [ˈpaː.n̪ɪs] (noun)
    • Rhymes: -anis
  • IPA^(key): /paˈnis/ [pɐˈn̪ɪs] (adjective)
    • Rhymes: -is
• Syllabification: pa‧nis

Noun

panis (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

1. process of rotting of food; spoilage; putrefaction

   Synonyms: bulok, lagibas, alumanis

Derived terms

• magpapanis
• Makapanis
• mapanis
• panisin

See also

• asim

Adjective

panís (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

1. rotten; stale; spoiled (as of food)

   Synonyms: sira, bulok, (Rizal) hampok

2. (figuratively, colloquial) defeated; dominated; owned

   Synonyms: supalpal, sunog, tambak, talo

   Boom! Panis ka na naman ni Mark!

   Boom! Mark owned you again!

Derived terms

• panis ang laway

See also

• halumanis

Further reading

• “panis”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018.
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*panúqus”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Anagrams

• aspin, Pinas, sinap, pisan, sapin